Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1134/s1023193524030054
K. Benfadel, L. Talbi, S. Anas Boussaa, A. Boukezzata, Y. Ouadah, D. Allam, S. Hocine, L. Allad, A. Ouerk, C. Torki, S. Bouanik, S. Achacha, A. Manseri, F. Kezzoula, A. Keffous, S. Kaci
Abstract
Lead Sulfide (PbS) nanoparticle-decorated silicon (Si) pyramids array on Si-based photocathodes are fabricated by using pure chemical methods. The PbS thin layers were synthesized by chemical solution deposition onto flat Silicon (Si) and pyramidal textured Silicon (SiPY) obtained from alkaline Si substrate etching. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to carry out the morphological characterization, while UV–Vis-NIR Spectroscopy was used to study the optical properties. The Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) was conducted to study the catalytic activity in dark and under white light irradiation using a potentiostat station. Cyclic voltammetry in the presence of and without purging CO2 was also investigated. The LSV investigations showed the synergy effect between PbS thin films and Si for the rising and transport of the charge carriers. The results showed a higher photocatalytic towards CO2 reduction of PbS/SiPY compared to Silicon substrate without surface texturization and sensitization. The photoelectrode based on PbS/SiPY could efficiently be used as a photocathode for the photoelectrochemical (PEC) reduction of CO2 to Methanol.
摘要 采用纯化学方法在硅基光电阴极上制作了硫化铅（PbS）纳米粒子装饰硅（Si）金字塔阵列。硫化铅薄层是通过化学溶液沉积法合成在平面硅（Si）和碱性硅基底蚀刻获得的金字塔纹理硅（SiPY）上的。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）用于进行形态表征，紫外-可见-近红外光谱用于研究光学特性。使用恒电位仪进行线性扫描伏安法（LSV），以研究黑暗环境和白光照射下的催化活性。此外，还研究了有二氧化碳吹扫和无二氧化碳吹扫时的循环伏安法。LSV 研究表明，在电荷载流子的上升和传输方面，PbS 薄膜和硅之间存在协同效应。结果表明，与未进行表面纹理化和敏化处理的硅基底相比，PbS/SiPY 对二氧化碳还原的光催化能力更强。基于 PbS/SiPY 的光电阴极可有效地用作光电化学（PEC）将 CO2 还原成甲醇的光电阴极。
{"title":"Investigations on PbS/SiPY-Based Photocathode for Photoelectrochemical Reduction of CO2","authors":"K. Benfadel, L. Talbi, S. Anas Boussaa, A. Boukezzata, Y. Ouadah, D. Allam, S. Hocine, L. Allad, A. Ouerk, C. Torki, S. Bouanik, S. Achacha, A. Manseri, F. Kezzoula, A. Keffous, S. Kaci","doi":"10.1134/s1023193524030054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193524030054","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Lead Sulfide (PbS) nanoparticle-decorated silicon (Si) pyramids array on Si-based photocathodes are fabricated by using pure chemical methods. The PbS thin layers were synthesized by chemical solution deposition onto flat Silicon (Si) and pyramidal textured Silicon (SiPY) obtained from alkaline Si substrate etching. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to carry out the morphological characterization, while UV–Vis-NIR Spectroscopy was used to study the optical properties. The Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) was conducted to study the catalytic activity in dark and under white light irradiation using a potentiostat station. Cyclic voltammetry in the presence of and without purging CO<sub>2</sub> was also investigated. The LSV investigations showed the synergy effect between PbS thin films and Si for the rising and transport of the charge carriers. The results showed a higher photocatalytic towards CO<sub>2</sub> reduction of PbS/SiPY compared to Silicon substrate without surface texturization and sensitization. The photoelectrode based on PbS/SiPY could efficiently be used as a photocathode for the photoelectrochemical (PEC) reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to Methanol.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1134/s1023193524030121
A. O. Zhigachev, S. I. Bredikhin, E. A. Agarkova, D. V. Matveev
Abstract
The applicability of calcium–borosilicate glass-ceramics with high boron oxide content as a sealant for solid oxide fuel cells is studied. Chemical composition of the studied materials is: 33 mol % CaO, 21 mol % B2O3, and 46 mol % SiO2. The material is studied as an alternative to the existing calcium– and barium–aluminosilicate-based sealants because of the latters’ limited adhesion to steel interconnects in fuel cells. The studied sealant is shown to have a softening point of about 920–930°C, which allows using it for sealing of fuel cells at 925°C. Use of relatively low sealing temperature allows avoiding overheating of the cell during the sealing and avoiding the accompanying degradation of the battery operational characteristics. The studied sealant demonstrated excellent adhesion to the surface of interconnect materials (the Crofer 22 APU steel). Furthermore, the studied sealant is found to be thermomechanically compatible with the Crofer 22 APU steel and ZrO2-based electrolytes.
{"title":"Calcium–Borosilicate Glass-Ceramics as a Sealant for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells","authors":"A. O. Zhigachev, S. I. Bredikhin, E. A. Agarkova, D. V. Matveev","doi":"10.1134/s1023193524030121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193524030121","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The applicability of calcium–borosilicate glass-ceramics with high boron oxide content as a sealant for solid oxide fuel cells is studied. Chemical composition of the studied materials is: 33 mol % CaO, 21 mol % B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and 46 mol % SiO<sub>2</sub>. The material is studied as an alternative to the existing calcium– and barium–aluminosilicate-based sealants because of the latters’ limited adhesion to steel interconnects in fuel cells. The studied sealant is shown to have a softening point of about 920–930°C, which allows using it for sealing of fuel cells at 925°C. Use of relatively low sealing temperature allows avoiding overheating of the cell during the sealing and avoiding the accompanying degradation of the battery operational characteristics. The studied sealant demonstrated excellent adhesion to the surface of interconnect materials (the Crofer 22 APU steel). Furthermore, the studied sealant is found to be thermomechanically compatible with the Crofer 22 APU steel and ZrO<sub>2</sub>-based electrolytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1134/s1023193524030078
M. V. Kaneva, L. B. Gulina, V. P. Tolstoy
Abstract
The article explores the features of Pt(0) nanoparticle formation at the interface of nickel-aqueous solution of reagents and a similar interface containing nanoflakes of Co(OH)2. The synthesis was carried out under Successive Ionic Layers Deposition (SILD) conditions, and solutions of Na2PtCl6, CoCl2, and NaBH4 were used as the reagents. Pt(0) nanolayers were produced on the nickel surface using Na2PtCl6 and NaBH4 solutions, and for Co(OH)2 nanolayers CoCl2 and NaBH4 solutions were used. Structural chemical studies of the samples synthesized were performed by HRTEM, FESEM, EDX, SAED, XPS, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy. It was shown that Pt(0) nanolayers consist of separate nanoparticles, while Co(OH)2 nanolayers consist of nanoflakes. The main attention in the work is paid to the formation features of Pt(0) nanoparticles on a nickel surface to which a nanolayer of Co(OH)2 was previously applied. The study of the electrocatalytic properties of such samples in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during water electrolysis in the alkaline medium showed that the best properties are exhibited by nanoparticles synthesized after 20–40 SILD cycles and on nickel substrates with Co(OH)2 nanolayers applied in advance. Also, it was found that among these samples the best properties are displayed by those containing Co(OH)2 layers synthesized after 5 SILD cycles. One of the best examples of this series was obtained from 40 SILD cycles and is characterized by the overpotential value at 29 mV of current density at 10 mA/cm2, the Tafel slope value at 29.5 mV/dec, and high stability of these values at multiple cycle potential. It is noted that the Pt(0) nanoparticles synthesized after 40 SILD cycles are 4–8 nm in size and are located on the surface of the nanoflakes at a distance of about 10 nm from each other for the nickel foam sample, on the surface of which a Co(OH)2 nanolayer was synthesized as a result of 5 SILD cycles. These features contribute to the formation of a set of Pt(0) nanoparticle contact points with the surface of Co(OH)2 nanoflakes, which determines the high electrocatalytic activity and stability of properties of such structures.
{"title":"Study of the Formation Features of Pt(0) Nanoparticles at the Interface of Nickel–Aqueous Solution of Reagents under SILD Conditions and Their Electrocatalytic Properties in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction during Water Electrolysis in an Alkaline Medium","authors":"M. V. Kaneva, L. B. Gulina, V. P. Tolstoy","doi":"10.1134/s1023193524030078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193524030078","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The article explores the features of Pt(0) nanoparticle formation at the interface of nickel-aqueous solution of reagents and a similar interface containing nanoflakes of Co(OH)<sub>2</sub>. The synthesis was carried out under Successive Ionic Layers Deposition (SILD) conditions, and solutions of Na<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub>, CoCl<sub>2</sub>, and NaBH<sub>4</sub> were used as the reagents. Pt(0) nanolayers were produced on the nickel surface using Na<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub> and NaBH<sub>4</sub> solutions, and for Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> nanolayers CoCl<sub>2</sub> and NaBH<sub>4</sub> solutions were used. Structural chemical studies of the samples synthesized were performed by HRTEM, FESEM, EDX, SAED, XPS, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy. It was shown that Pt(0) nanolayers consist of separate nanoparticles, while Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> nanolayers consist of nanoflakes. The main attention in the work is paid to the formation features of Pt(0) nanoparticles on a nickel surface to which a nanolayer of Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> was previously applied. The study of the electrocatalytic properties of such samples in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during water electrolysis in the alkaline medium showed that the best properties are exhibited by nanoparticles synthesized after 20–40 SILD cycles and on nickel substrates with Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> nanolayers applied in advance. Also, it was found that among these samples the best properties are displayed by those containing Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> layers synthesized after 5 SILD cycles. One of the best examples of this series was obtained from 40 SILD cycles and is characterized by the overpotential value at 29 mV of current density at 10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, the Tafel slope value at 29.5 mV/dec, and high stability of these values at multiple cycle potential. It is noted that the Pt(0) nanoparticles synthesized after 40 SILD cycles are 4–8 nm in size and are located on the surface of the nanoflakes at a distance of about 10 nm from each other for the nickel foam sample, on the surface of which a Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> nanolayer was synthesized as a result of 5 SILD cycles. These features contribute to the formation of a set of Pt(0) nanoparticle contact points with the surface of Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> nanoflakes, which determines the high electrocatalytic activity and stability of properties of such structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1134/s102319352403008x
I. A. Malbakhova, A. S. Bagishev, A. M. Vorobyev, T. A. Borisenko, A. I. Titkov
Abstract
The anodes based on the nickel oxide and yttria-stabilized zirconia are developed by the method of hybrid inkjet 3D-printing with laser treatment. The granulometric composition of the NiO/Zr0.9Y0.1O2-composite and the rheological characteristics of its based printing pastes are determined. The printing of three-dimensional test objects using the developed ceramic paste is studied experimentally. The influence of the pore formers—graphite and potato starch—added to the paste composition on the rheological characteristics of the paste is studied. The obtained samples of supporting anodes were studied by a complex of physicochemical methods to determine their morphological and structural characteristics.
{"title":"The Effect of the Pore Former Nature on the Microstructure of Solid-Oxide-Fuel-Cell NiO- and 10YSZ-Based Anodes Formed by Hybrid 3D-Printing","authors":"I. A. Malbakhova, A. S. Bagishev, A. M. Vorobyev, T. A. Borisenko, A. I. Titkov","doi":"10.1134/s102319352403008x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s102319352403008x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The anodes based on the nickel oxide and yttria-stabilized zirconia are developed by the method of hybrid inkjet 3D-printing with laser treatment. The granulometric composition of the NiO/Zr<sub>0.9</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-composite and the rheological characteristics of its based printing pastes are determined. The printing of three-dimensional test objects using the developed ceramic paste is studied experimentally. The influence of the pore formers—graphite and potato starch—added to the paste composition on the rheological characteristics of the paste is studied. The obtained samples of supporting anodes were studied by a complex of physicochemical methods to determine their morphological and structural characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1134/s1023193524030042
E. V. Bedova, O. A. Kozaderov
Abstract
The electrocatalytic activity of electrode materials synthesized by anodic selective dissolution of Ag–Pd alloys based on silver (4 and 8 at % Pd) was studied. Kinetic regularities of formic acid electrooxidation on palladium and anodically modified Ag–Pd alloys in an acidic sulfate solution have been established. The process includes the diffusion of HCOOH, its dissociative chemisorption, and irreversible ionization of atomic hydrogen. The conditions for formic acid anodic oxidation on Pd and Ag–Pd alloys were determined depending on the composition of the electrode system and the mode of preliminary electrochemical modification (selective dissolution) of the alloy using transient electrochemical measurements. The role of the surface development of an alloy in the kinetics of anodic degradation of formic acid was revealed. It was shown that the selective dissolution of Ag–Pd alloys contributes to a noticeable increase in the rate of the kinetic stage of atomic hydrogen ionization. A necessary condition for the activation of the anodically modified alloy in relation to the electrooxidation of HCOOH is the excess of both critical parameters (charge and potential) corresponding to the onset of morphological development and phase transformations in the surface layer of the Ag–Pd systems.
{"title":"Kinetics of Formic Acid Electrooxidation on Anodically Modified Silver–Palladium Alloys","authors":"E. V. Bedova, O. A. Kozaderov","doi":"10.1134/s1023193524030042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193524030042","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The electrocatalytic activity of electrode materials synthesized by anodic selective dissolution of Ag–Pd alloys based on silver (4 and 8 at % Pd) was studied. Kinetic regularities of formic acid electrooxidation on palladium and anodically modified Ag–Pd alloys in an acidic sulfate solution have been established. The process includes the diffusion of HCOOH, its dissociative chemisorption, and irreversible ionization of atomic hydrogen. The conditions for formic acid anodic oxidation on Pd and Ag–Pd alloys were determined depending on the composition of the electrode system and the mode of preliminary electrochemical modification (selective dissolution) of the alloy using transient electrochemical measurements. The role of the surface development of an alloy in the kinetics of anodic degradation of formic acid was revealed. It was shown that the selective dissolution of Ag–Pd alloys contributes to a noticeable increase in the rate of the kinetic stage of atomic hydrogen ionization. A necessary condition for the activation of the anodically modified alloy in relation to the electrooxidation of HCOOH is the excess of both critical parameters (charge and potential) corresponding to the onset of morphological development and phase transformations in the surface layer of the Ag–Pd systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1134/s102319352403011x
E. S. Tropin, M. P. Popov, R. D. Gus’kov, A. P. Nemudry
Abstract
A continuous quasi-equilibrium phase diagram δ(pO2, T) of a nonstoichiometric oxide La2NiO4 + δ with the layered perovskite-like Ruddlesden–Popper structure is obtained by the method of quasi-equilibrium oxygen release. The thermodynamic parameters are determined as a function of the oxide nonstoichiometry δ. Calculations are carried out within the framework of the localized-electron and itinerant-electron models which are used for description of the defect structure of ferrites and cobaltites, respectively. It is shown that the specific features of the phase diagram can be related to the electronic density of states near the Fermi level.
{"title":"High-Temperature Oxygen Release from Complex Oxide La2NiO4 + δ in Quasi-Equilibrium Mode","authors":"E. S. Tropin, M. P. Popov, R. D. Gus’kov, A. P. Nemudry","doi":"10.1134/s102319352403011x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s102319352403011x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A continuous quasi-equilibrium phase diagram δ(<i>p</i>O<sub>2</sub>, <i>T</i>) of a nonstoichiometric oxide La<sub>2</sub>NiO<sub>4 + δ</sub> with the layered perovskite-like Ruddlesden–Popper structure is obtained by the method of quasi-equilibrium oxygen release. The thermodynamic parameters are determined as a function of the oxide nonstoichiometry δ. Calculations are carried out within the framework of the localized-electron and itinerant-electron models which are used for description of the defect structure of ferrites and cobaltites, respectively. It is shown that the specific features of the phase diagram can be related to the electronic density of states near the Fermi level.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1134/s1023193524030029
E. A. Agarkova, I. N. Burmistrov, D. V. Yalovenko, O. Yu. Zadorozhnaya, Yu. K. Nepochatov, S. V. Rabotkin, A. A. Solovyev, S. I. Bredikhin
Abstract
The optimization of technology for manufacturing bilayered anode supports for planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) using precursors was performed. The bilayered anode supports for the second-generation planar SOFCs were manufactured by the tape casting method followed by the lamination. Nickel sulfate heptahydrate NiSO4∙7H2O was used to fabricate the composite material for the current-collecting layer containing 60 vol % NiO and the functional layer containing 40 vol % NiO (the chosen values are close to the first and second percolation thresholds). The 8YSZ/NiSO4 composite mixture was calcined at a temperature of 1000°C. The use of this precursor resulted in fabricating durable anode support that retains mechanical stability during redox cycling. Finely dispersed NiO in a thin functional layer led to a high density of three-phase boundaries, which had a beneficial effect on the electrochemical activity of the anode. Based on these anode supports, the model samples of solid oxide fuel cells were manufactured. The samples were studied using conventional electrochemical techniques. The power density was 1 W/cm2 at an operating temperature of 750°C.
{"title":"Application of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (8YSZ) and NiO Precursors for Fabrication of Composite Material for Anode-Supported SOFCs","authors":"E. A. Agarkova, I. N. Burmistrov, D. V. Yalovenko, O. Yu. Zadorozhnaya, Yu. K. Nepochatov, S. V. Rabotkin, A. A. Solovyev, S. I. Bredikhin","doi":"10.1134/s1023193524030029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193524030029","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The optimization of technology for manufacturing bilayered anode supports for planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) using precursors was performed. The bilayered anode supports for the second-generation planar SOFCs were manufactured by the tape casting method followed by the lamination. Nickel sulfate heptahydrate NiSO<sub>4</sub>∙7H<sub>2</sub>O was used to fabricate the composite material for the current-collecting layer containing 60 vol % NiO and the functional layer containing 40 vol % NiO (the chosen values are close to the first and second percolation thresholds). The 8YSZ/NiSO<sub>4</sub> composite mixture was calcined at a temperature of 1000°C. The use of this precursor resulted in fabricating durable anode support that retains mechanical stability during redox cycling. Finely dispersed NiO in a thin functional layer led to a high density of three-phase boundaries, which had a beneficial effect on the electrochemical activity of the anode. Based on these anode supports, the model samples of solid oxide fuel cells were manufactured. The samples were studied using conventional electrochemical techniques. The power density was 1 W/cm<sup>2</sup> at an operating temperature of 750°C.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1134/s1023193524030066
N. A. Faddeev, I. V. Vasyukov, M. A. Belichenko, A. V. Serik, N. V. Smirnova
Abstract
A model of a membrane electrode assembly is considered as regards the effect of various climatic conditions on the specific power characteristics. The developed model is analyzed in comparison with a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack operating at different ambient temperatures. The deviation (less than 10%) between the model and the experiment in the temperature range from –10 to +10°С is demonstrated. The ambient temperature of 10°C is found to be optimal for the battery operation The specific power is shown to decrease by 0.006–0.008 W/cm2 every 10°C above zero, which is insignificant and can be compensated using a buffer energy storage device.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of a Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Battery: The Effect of Ambient Temperature","authors":"N. A. Faddeev, I. V. Vasyukov, M. A. Belichenko, A. V. Serik, N. V. Smirnova","doi":"10.1134/s1023193524030066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193524030066","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A model of a membrane electrode assembly is considered as regards the effect of various climatic conditions on the specific power characteristics. The developed model is analyzed in comparison with a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack operating at different ambient temperatures. The deviation (less than 10%) between the model and the experiment in the temperature range from –10 to +10°С is demonstrated. The ambient temperature of 10°C is found to be optimal for the battery operation The specific power is shown to decrease by 0.006–0.008 W/cm<sup>2</sup> every 10°C above zero, which is insignificant and can be compensated using a buffer energy storage device.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1134/s1023193524030091
S. I. Nefedkin, A. V. Ryabukhin, V. E. Eletskikh, R. G. Boldin, V. D. Mikhnevich, M. A. Klimova
Abstract
The results of the development and study of catalysts for the anodes of water splitting electrolyzers with a proton exchange membrane are presented. To deposit catalytic layers on a titanium support, the method of magnetron sputtering of composite targets in a vacuum was used. Iridium and ruthenium are used as the principal catalysts; molybdenum, chromium, and titanium, as functional additives. The electrochemical and structural characteristics of catalytic coatings are studied. Using voltammetry methods, cyclic voltammograms and anodic characteristics of the catalytic compositions are obtained, in particular, at different temperatures of the subsequent heat treatment in air, as well as at different measurement temperatures. The Tafel slopes of the current–voltage characteristics of the composite anodes, as well as the currents at a potential of 1.55 V (RHE) are determined. The minimal slopes are obtained for the Ir–Ru–Mo–Ti catalytic composition (b = 40–63 mV/decade); the maximal currents, for the Ir–Mo–Cr catalytic composition (i = 100–110 mA/cm2 at E = 1.55 V (RHE)). The magnitude of adsorption currents in the anodic potential region of cyclic voltammograms is shown to correlate with the coefficient b of the Tafel equation (E vs. logi); it determines the number of catalytic centers for the deprotonation stage in the oxygen evolution reaction. However, the catalyst activity in the oxygen evolution reaction is determined not only by the number of these centers but mainly by the functional features of the catalyst proper, i.e., the composition of the catalyst and the conditions for its preparation (including the temperature of the catalyst subsequent heat treatment in air). The iridium-based catalytic compositions added with molybdenum and chromium have higher activity in the oxygen evolution reaction. Structural studies showed that during the magnetron sputtering of the composite targets, even with small catalyst loading, dispersed structures are formed; in the real porous titanium anodes, these structures must form on the front surfaces with higher catalyst content.
摘要 介绍了质子交换膜水分离电解槽阳极催化剂的开发和研究结果。为了在钛载体上沉积催化层，采用了在真空中对复合靶进行磁控溅射的方法。铱和钌被用作主要催化剂；钼、铬和钛被用作功能添加剂。研究了催化涂层的电化学和结构特征。利用伏安法获得了催化成分的循环伏安图和阳极特性，特别是在空气中进行后续热处理的不同温度以及不同测量温度下的循环伏安图和阳极特性。确定了复合阳极电流-电压特性的塔菲尔斜率，以及 1.55 V (RHE) 电位下的电流。Ir-Ru-Mo-Ti催化成分的斜率最小（b = 40-63 mV/decade）；Ir-Mo-Cr催化成分的电流最大（i = 100-110 mA/cm2，E = 1.55 V (RHE)）。循环伏安图阳极电位区的吸附电流大小与塔菲尔方程的系数 b（E 与 logi 的关系）相关，它决定了氧进化反应中去质子化阶段的催化中心数量。然而，氧进化反应中催化剂的活性不仅取决于这些催化中心的数量，而且主要取决于催化剂本身的功能特性，即催化剂的组成及其制备条件（包括催化剂在空气中进行热处理后的温度）。添加了钼和铬的铱基催化剂成分在氧进化反应中具有更高的活性。结构研究表明，在复合靶的磁控溅射过程中，即使催化剂负载量较小，也会形成分散结构；在真正的多孔钛阳极中，这些结构必须在催化剂含量较高的正面形成。
{"title":"Magnetron Technology for Manufacturing of Electrodes for Electrolyzers with Proton-Exchange Membranes","authors":"S. I. Nefedkin, A. V. Ryabukhin, V. E. Eletskikh, R. G. Boldin, V. D. Mikhnevich, M. A. Klimova","doi":"10.1134/s1023193524030091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193524030091","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The results of the development and study of catalysts for the anodes of water splitting electrolyzers with a proton exchange membrane are presented. To deposit catalytic layers on a titanium support, the method of magnetron sputtering of composite targets in a vacuum was used. Iridium and ruthenium are used as the principal catalysts; molybdenum, chromium, and titanium, as functional additives. The electrochemical and structural characteristics of catalytic coatings are studied. Using voltammetry methods, cyclic voltammograms and anodic characteristics of the catalytic compositions are obtained, in particular, at different temperatures of the subsequent heat treatment in air, as well as at different measurement temperatures. The Tafel slopes of the current–voltage characteristics of the composite anodes, as well as the currents at a potential of 1.55 V (RHE) are determined. The minimal slopes are obtained for the Ir–Ru–Mo–Ti catalytic composition (<i>b</i> = 40–63 mV/decade); the maximal currents, for the Ir–Mo–Cr catalytic composition (<i>i</i> = 100–110 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> at <i>E</i> = 1.55 V (RHE)). The magnitude of adsorption currents in the anodic potential region of cyclic voltammograms is shown to correlate with the coefficient <i>b</i> of the Tafel equation (<i>E</i> vs. log<i>i</i>); it determines the number of catalytic centers for the deprotonation stage in the oxygen evolution reaction. However, the catalyst activity in the oxygen evolution reaction is determined not only by the number of these centers but mainly by the functional features of the catalyst proper, i.e., the composition of the catalyst and the conditions for its preparation (including the temperature of the catalyst subsequent heat treatment in air). The iridium-based catalytic compositions added with molybdenum and chromium have higher activity in the oxygen evolution reaction. Structural studies showed that during the magnetron sputtering of the composite targets, even with small catalyst loading, dispersed structures are formed; in the real porous titanium anodes, these structures must form on the front surfaces with higher catalyst content.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1134/s1023193524030108
O. V. Pikalov, N. V. Demeneva, I. I. Zverkova, S. I. Bredikhin
Abstract
The evolution of the microstructure and the composition of Ni–Co coatings used for protecting the current collectors of stainless steel Crofer 22 APU from oxidation is studied in the operation mode of the anode chamber of a solid-oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC). It is shown that the interdiffusion of steel and coating components and the redox reactions that proceed under the coating in the SOEC operation mode block the chromium diffusion to the current collector surface. The exploitation of the anodic chamber in the air atmosphere changes the Ni–Cr metal composition of the protective coating to a mixture of highly conductive oxides (Fe,Ni,Co)3O4 and (Ni,Co)O, thus changing the form of the time dependence of the surface resistivity of the junction current collector/anode. At the same time, the 7000 h tests revealed sufficiently low values, viz., ~17 mΩ cm2, which means that these coatings can be used for the anti-oxidation protection of the stainless-steel current collectors in SOECs.
{"title":"Diffusion Coatings Nickel–Cobalt for Protecting the Current Collectors of Crofer 22 APU Steel Used in Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cells","authors":"O. V. Pikalov, N. V. Demeneva, I. I. Zverkova, S. I. Bredikhin","doi":"10.1134/s1023193524030108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193524030108","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The evolution of the microstructure and the composition of Ni–Co coatings used for protecting the current collectors of stainless steel Crofer 22 APU from oxidation is studied in the operation mode of the anode chamber of a solid-oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC). It is shown that the interdiffusion of steel and coating components and the redox reactions that proceed under the coating in the SOEC operation mode block the chromium diffusion to the current collector surface. The exploitation of the anodic chamber in the air atmosphere changes the Ni–Cr metal composition of the protective coating to a mixture of highly conductive oxides (Fe,Ni,Co)<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and (Ni,Co)O, thus changing the form of the time dependence of the surface resistivity of the junction current collector/anode. At the same time, the 7000 h tests revealed sufficiently low values, viz., ~17 mΩ cm<sup>2</sup>, which means that these coatings can be used for the anti-oxidation protection of the stainless-steel current collectors in SOECs.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140942260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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