Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1134/s1023193523120066
M. A. Kamenskii, A. Yu. Popov, S. N. Eliseeva, V. V. Kondratiev
Abstract—
The dependence of physico-chemical, structural, and electrochemical properties of cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries based on the manganese dioxide with birnessite-type structure on the conditions of the MnO2 hydrothermal synthesis are analyzed. The manganese oxides obtained are capable of the reversible zinc ion intercalation into their crystal lattice because of large interlayer distances. Two approaches to the synthesis are considered: a reaction between manganese sulfate and potassium permanganate at 160°С (MnO2-I) and hydrothermal treatment of potassium permanganate solution at 220°С (MnO2-II). From the structural analysis, both methods are shown to allow obtaining the birnessite-type manganese dioxide. At the same time, the electrochemical properties of the cathodes obtained differ in the prototypes of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. The MnO2-II-based material demonstrated higher initial specific capacity (180 mA h g–1 at the current density of 0.3 A g–1), while its cyclic stability is by 40% lower than that for the MnO2-I-based material. This can be explained by higher surface area and lower crystallinity of the active material.
摘要 分析了以具有比热石型结构的二氧化锰为基础的锌离子水电池阴极材料的物理化学、结构和电化学特性与二氧化锰水热合成条件的关系。由于层间距离较大，获得的锰氧化物能够将锌离子可逆地插层到其晶格中。研究考虑了两种合成方法：硫酸锰和高锰酸钾在 160°С 下的反应（MnO2-I）和高锰酸钾溶液在 220°С 下的水热处理（MnO2-II）。从结构分析来看，这两种方法都能获得桦锰石型二氧化锰。同时，在锌离子水电池原型中，所获得阴极的电化学特性也有所不同。基于 MnO2-II 的材料显示出更高的初始比容量（电流密度为 0.3 A g-1 时为 180 mA h g-1），但其循环稳定性比基于 MnO2-I 的材料低 40%。这可能是由于活性材料的表面积更大、结晶度更低所致。
{"title":"The Effect of the Synthesis Method of the Layered Manganese Dioxide on the Properties of Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries","authors":"M. A. Kamenskii, A. Yu. Popov, S. N. Eliseeva, V. V. Kondratiev","doi":"10.1134/s1023193523120066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193523120066","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>The dependence of physico-chemical, structural, and electrochemical properties of cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries based on the manganese dioxide with birnessite-type structure on the conditions of the MnO<sub>2</sub> hydrothermal synthesis are analyzed. The manganese oxides obtained are capable of the reversible zinc ion intercalation into their crystal lattice because of large interlayer distances. Two approaches to the synthesis are considered: a reaction between manganese sulfate and potassium permanganate at 160°С (MnO<sub>2</sub>-I) and hydrothermal treatment of potassium permanganate solution at 220°С (MnO<sub>2</sub>-II). From the structural analysis, both methods are shown to allow obtaining the birnessite-type manganese dioxide. At the same time, the electrochemical properties of the cathodes obtained differ in the prototypes of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. The MnO<sub>2</sub>-II-based material demonstrated higher initial specific capacity (180 mA h g<sup>–1</sup> at the current density of 0.3 A g<sup>–1</sup>), while its cyclic stability is by 40% lower than that for the MnO<sub>2</sub>-I-based material. This can be explained by higher surface area and lower crystallinity of the active material.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139476111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the increasing energy demands for electronic devices and electrical vehicles, anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) with high specific capacity, good cyclic and rate performances become one of the focal areas of research. SnO2 has been studied as a promising anode material for LIBs due to its high theoretical capacity. However, the large volume expansion and severe structural collapse during cycles are serious. SnO2/graphene composite is fabricated as LIBs anode material and systematically investigated by XRD, SEM, XPS, and SAXS. The nanostructural evolutions of SnO2 nanoparticles and SnO2/graphene nanocomposite as anode materials are studied during the first and the tenth discharges by in situ electrochemical-SAXS technique. During the first to the tenth discharges, the SnO2 nanospheres tended to pulverize after expanding. The SnO2/graphene composite also expanded after discharge, but it didn’t pulverize immediately after the tenth discharge. SAXS results also demonstrated that the multihierarchical scatterers in the anode materials can be roughly divided into gap, interspace, SnO2 nanoparticles, nanopores and so on. These results suggested that this composite structure can buffer large volume changes and effectively prevent the detachment and pulverization of SnO2 during the lithiation and delithiation processes. This research is of great significance for exploring energy storage materials for LIBs with higher stable cycling performance.
{"title":"In Situ SAXS Study on the Structure Evolution of SnO2/Graphene Nanocomposite Anode Materials during the Discharges","authors":"Fengyu Lv, Xiuxiu Wang, Yanfen Liu, Hongge Jia, Shuhua Li, Xunhai Zhang, Xueqing Xing, Zhonghua Wu, Zhaojun Wu, Weidong Cheng","doi":"10.1134/s1023193524020095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193524020095","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>With the increasing energy demands for electronic devices and electrical vehicles, anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) with high specific capacity, good cyclic and rate performances become one of the focal areas of research. SnO<sub><b>2</b></sub> has been studied as a promising anode material for LIBs due to its high theoretical capacity. However, the large volume expansion and severe structural collapse during cycles are serious. SnO<sub><b>2</b></sub>/graphene composite is fabricated as LIBs anode material and systematically investigated by XRD, SEM, XPS, and SAXS. The nanostructural evolutions of SnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles and SnO<sub>2</sub>/graphene nanocomposite as anode materials are studied during the first and the tenth discharges by in situ electrochemical-SAXS technique. During the first to the tenth discharges, the SnO<sub>2</sub> nanospheres tended to pulverize after expanding. The SnO<sub>2</sub>/graphene composite also expanded after discharge, but it didn’t pulverize immediately after the tenth discharge. SAXS results also demonstrated that the multihierarchical scatterers in the anode materials can be roughly divided into gap, interspace, SnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, nanopores and so on. These results suggested that this composite structure can buffer large volume changes and effectively prevent the detachment and pulverization of SnO<sub>2</sub> during the lithiation and delithiation processes. This research is of great significance for exploring energy storage materials for LIBs with higher stable cycling performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139476534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1134/s1023193523120121
P. A. Shcheglov, D. A. Samsonov, A. B. Pavlenkov, T. L. Kulova, A. Yu. Rychagov, N. F. Nikolskaya, A. A. Shiryaev, A. M. Skundin
Abstract—
The influence of the positive electrode properties on the activation time of the reserve chemical power sources based on the lead–perchloric acid–lead dioxide system is studied. Coatings of cathodes with lead dioxide obtained under various conditions are characterized by scanning electron spectroscopy, X-ray spectral microanalysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and standard contact porosimetry. The improvement of the performance characteristics of the power sources including the ensuring of a short time of their activation at a low temperature is shown to be possible with the use of a lead dioxide nanoporous coating. To evaluate the applicability of cathodes for the manufacturing of power sources with a minimal activation time, a diagnostic principle is used that it based on the testing of the cathodes by chronopotentiometric measurements during their galvanostatic discharge. Pilot industrial samples of small-sized reserve power sources of the above-mentioned electrochemical system with unprecedented short activation time (less than 30 ms at temperature –50°С) were manufactured and tested.
{"title":"The Effect of the Positive Electrode Properties on the Activation Time of the Lead–Perchloric Acid–Lead Dioxide-Based Reserve Chemical Power Sources","authors":"P. A. Shcheglov, D. A. Samsonov, A. B. Pavlenkov, T. L. Kulova, A. Yu. Rychagov, N. F. Nikolskaya, A. A. Shiryaev, A. M. Skundin","doi":"10.1134/s1023193523120121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193523120121","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract—</h3><p>The influence of the positive electrode properties on the activation time of the reserve chemical power sources based on the lead–perchloric acid–lead dioxide system is studied. Coatings of cathodes with lead dioxide obtained under various conditions are characterized by scanning electron spectroscopy, X-ray spectral microanalysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and standard contact porosimetry. The improvement of the performance characteristics of the power sources including the ensuring of a short time of their activation at a low temperature is shown to be possible with the use of a lead dioxide nanoporous coating. To evaluate the applicability of cathodes for the manufacturing of power sources with a minimal activation time, a diagnostic principle is used that it based on the testing of the cathodes by chronopotentiometric measurements during their galvanostatic discharge. Pilot industrial samples of small-sized reserve power sources of the above-mentioned electrochemical system with unprecedented short activation time (less than 30 ms at temperature –50°С) were manufactured and tested.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139476335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1134/s1023193523120042
Yu. O. Dobrovol’skii, N. V. Lyskov, G. N. Mazo
Abstract
The studies of how the method of organization of the microstructure of Pr2CuO4-based (РСО) cathodes affects the electrochemical characteristics of model electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are carried out. It is shown that the higher thickness of the PCO cathode layer and the introduction of a pore-forming agent increase the power density of tested SOFCs as compared with the cathodes of the unmodified structure with the power density of 34 mW/cm2 at 850°С. The optimal thickness of the cathode layer corresponding to the maximum electrochemical performance is found to lie in the interval of 40–50 µm, which allows the power density of 116 mW/cm2 at 850°С to be reached. At the same time, with the transition from single-phase PCO cathodes to the composite PCO–Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (60/40 wt %) cathodes the power density increases to 130 mW/cm2 at 850°С and the dynamics of its decrease with the decrease in temperature slows down. The analysis of impedance spectroscopy data on the total polarization resistance of model SOFCs with cathodes prepared by different methods shows that the transition from unmodified cells to cells with the thicker cathodic layer and also with composite cathodes decreases the level of polarization losses two-fold (in the former case) and three-fold (in the latter case). This is accompanied by the increase in the power density. The proposed methods of modifying the microstructure of the PCO-based cathode demonstrate the positive dynamics of growth of both the electrochemical performance of the cathode/electrolyte interface and the power density characteristics of the fuel cell as a whole.
{"title":"The Effect of the Method of Formation of Pr2CuO4-Based Cathodes on the Electrochemical Characteristics of Planar Electrolyte-Supported SOFCs","authors":"Yu. O. Dobrovol’skii, N. V. Lyskov, G. N. Mazo","doi":"10.1134/s1023193523120042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193523120042","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The studies of how the method of organization of the microstructure of Pr<sub>2</sub>CuO<sub>4</sub>-based (РСО) cathodes affects the electrochemical characteristics of model electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are carried out. It is shown that the higher thickness of the PCO cathode layer and the introduction of a pore-forming agent increase the power density of tested SOFCs as compared with the cathodes of the unmodified structure with the power density of 34 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> at 850°С. The optimal thickness of the cathode layer corresponding to the maximum electrochemical performance is found to lie in the interval of 40–50 µm, which allows the power density of 116 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> at 850°С to be reached. At the same time, with the transition from single-phase PCO cathodes to the composite PCO–Ce<sub>0.9</sub>Gd<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>1.95</sub> (60/40 wt %) cathodes the power density increases to 130 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> at 850°С and the dynamics of its decrease with the decrease in temperature slows down. The analysis of impedance spectroscopy data on the total polarization resistance of model SOFCs with cathodes prepared by different methods shows that the transition from unmodified cells to cells with the thicker cathodic layer and also with composite cathodes decreases the level of polarization losses two-fold (in the former case) and three-fold (in the latter case). This is accompanied by the increase in the power density. The proposed methods of modifying the microstructure of the PCO-based cathode demonstrate the positive dynamics of growth of both the electrochemical performance of the cathode/electrolyte interface and the power density characteristics of the fuel cell as a whole.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1134/s102319352312008x
A. K. Nevelskaya, S. V. Belenov, N. V. Toporkov, A. Yu. Nikulin
Abstract
The PtCo/C electrocatalyst, prepared by simultaneous reduction of metal precursors using sodium borohydride, was treated at 350°C in an argon atmosphere for 1 h. The results of XRD analysis and transmission electron microscopy indicate that the average crystallite size increased and nanoparticle agglomerates formed after heat treatment. The shift of the Pt(111) reflection after treatment suggests possible segregation of metal components during the heating of the sample. The catalyst activity (both mass and specific surface activity) increased after heat treatment. According to the results of the stress test at potentials of 0.6–1.4 V, the residual activity of the sample after heat treatment was higher than in the “as received” state.
{"title":"Effect of Heat Treatment on the Structure and Functional Characteristics of the PtCo/C Catalyst","authors":"A. K. Nevelskaya, S. V. Belenov, N. V. Toporkov, A. Yu. Nikulin","doi":"10.1134/s102319352312008x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s102319352312008x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The PtCo/C electrocatalyst, prepared by simultaneous reduction of metal precursors using sodium borohydride, was treated at 350°C in an argon atmosphere for 1 h. The results of XRD analysis and transmission electron microscopy indicate that the average crystallite size increased and nanoparticle agglomerates formed after heat treatment. The shift of the Pt(111) reflection after treatment suggests possible segregation of metal components during the heating of the sample. The catalyst activity (both mass and specific surface activity) increased after heat treatment. According to the results of the stress test at potentials of 0.6–1.4 V, the residual activity of the sample after heat treatment was higher than in the “as received” state.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1134/s1023193523120133
E. Yu. Tyunina, M. D. Chekunova
Abstract
The conductivity of LiAsF6 solutions in the propylene carbonate–dimethylsulfoxide mixed solvent with the ionophore molality from 0.2 to 1.4 mol/kg is measured over wide temperature range (Т = 253.15, 263.15, 273.15, 283.15, 293.15, 303.15, 313.15, 323.15, and 333.15 К) at the dimethylsulfoxide content in the mixed solvent changing from 0.2 to 0.75 molar fraction. The conductivity of LiAsF6 solutions in dimethylsulfoxide is studied over the 293.15–333.15 К temperature range. The concentration dependences of the studied solutions’ conductivity obey the Casteel–Amis equation. With the using of the transition state theory, the solvent and ionophore contributions into the ionic conductance activation energy were determined. The LiAsF6 solutions in the propylene carbonate–dimethylsulfoxide mixed solvent are shown to have a narrower electrochemical window as compared with the ionophore solutions in the propylene carbonate and dimethylsulfoxide.
{"title":"LiAsF6 Solutions in the Propylene Carbonate–Dimethylsulfoxide Mixed Solvent: The Conductivity and Electrochemical Stability","authors":"E. Yu. Tyunina, M. D. Chekunova","doi":"10.1134/s1023193523120133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193523120133","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The conductivity of LiAsF<sub>6</sub> solutions in the propylene carbonate–dimethylsulfoxide mixed solvent with the ionophore molality from 0.2 to 1.4 mol/kg is measured over wide temperature range (<i>Т</i> = 253.15, 263.15, 273.15, 283.15, 293.15, 303.15, 313.15, 323.15, and 333.15 К) at the dimethylsulfoxide content in the mixed solvent changing from 0.2 to 0.75 molar fraction. The conductivity of LiAsF<sub>6</sub> solutions in dimethylsulfoxide is studied over the 293.15–333.15 К temperature range. The concentration dependences of the studied solutions’ conductivity obey the Casteel–Amis equation. With the using of the transition state theory, the solvent and ionophore contributions into the ionic conductance activation energy were determined. The LiAsF<sub>6</sub> solutions in the propylene carbonate–dimethylsulfoxide mixed solvent are shown to have a narrower electrochemical window as compared with the ionophore solutions in the propylene carbonate and dimethylsulfoxide.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1134/s1023193523120108
V. V. Rakitin, L. S. Feoktistova, M. V. Gapanovich, A. V. Stanchik, D. M. Sedlovets
Abstract
The peculiarities of the electrochemical deposition of a copper layer on flexible titanium and tantalum supports as well as the modes of sequential electrochemical deposition of a tin layer on Cu/Ti and Cu/Ta supports and a nickel layer on the Sn/Cu/Ti and Sn/Cu/Ta supports are studied by cyclic voltammetry from the corresponding electrolyte solutions. The deposition potentials are found for each metal layer with regard to the support type. A wide series of stable precursor films Cu–Sn–Ni/Ti and Cu–Sn–Ni/Ta are obtained. The stage of annealing in the active sulfur atmosphere (sulfurization) is optimized aimed at the synthesis of stable compounds Cu2NiSnS4. Based on data obtained by the methods of XRD and Raman spectroscopy, it is shown that the synthesis of stable single-phase compounds Cu2NiSnS4 with the polycrystalline structure on the Ta and Ti supports requires that the annealing in the active sulfur atmosphere carried out at 550°С for 60 min.
摘要 通过相应电解质溶液的循环伏安法，研究了在柔性钛和钽载体上电化学沉积铜层的特殊性，以及在铜/钛和铜/钽载体上依次电化学沉积锡层和在锡/铜/钛和锡/铜/钽载体上依次电化学沉积镍层的模式。研究发现了每种金属层的沉积电位与支撑物类型的关系。获得了一系列稳定的 Cu-Sn-Ni/Ti 和 Cu-Sn-Ni/Ta 前体薄膜。为了合成稳定的化合物 Cu2NiSnS4，优化了在活性硫气氛中退火（硫化）的阶段。根据 XRD 和拉曼光谱方法获得的数据，在 Ta 和 Ti 底座上合成具有多晶结构的稳定单相化合物 Cu2NiSnS4，需要在 550°С 的活性硫气氛中退火 60 分钟。
{"title":"Specific Features of the Electrochemical Synthesis of Thin CNTS Films Supported by Titanium and Tantalum Foils","authors":"V. V. Rakitin, L. S. Feoktistova, M. V. Gapanovich, A. V. Stanchik, D. M. Sedlovets","doi":"10.1134/s1023193523120108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193523120108","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The peculiarities of the electrochemical deposition of a copper layer on flexible titanium and tantalum supports as well as the modes of sequential electrochemical deposition of a tin layer on Cu/Ti and Cu/Ta supports and a nickel layer on the Sn/Cu/Ti and Sn/Cu/Ta supports are studied by cyclic voltammetry from the corresponding electrolyte solutions. The deposition potentials are found for each metal layer with regard to the support type. A wide series of stable precursor films Cu–Sn–Ni/Ti and Cu–Sn–Ni/Ta are obtained. The stage of annealing in the active sulfur atmosphere (sulfurization) is optimized aimed at the synthesis of stable compounds Cu<sub>2</sub>NiSnS<sub>4</sub>. Based on data obtained by the methods of XRD and Raman spectroscopy, it is shown that the synthesis of stable single-phase compounds Cu<sub>2</sub>NiSnS<sub>4</sub> with the polycrystalline structure on the Ta and Ti supports requires that the annealing in the active sulfur atmosphere carried out at 550°С for 60 min.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139476033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1134/s1023193523120078
A. S. Mendkovich, A. I. Rusakov
Abstract
The results of experimental and theoretical studies of reactions involving π*-radical anions and π*‑dianions are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to their role in electrochemical reduction processes. By the example of three most typical reactions for these particles, the main factors determining their reactivity are considered.
{"title":"Reactivity of Radical Anions and Dianions of Organic Compounds: A Review","authors":"A. S. Mendkovich, A. I. Rusakov","doi":"10.1134/s1023193523120078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193523120078","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The results of experimental and theoretical studies of reactions involving π*-radical anions and π*‑dianions are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to their role in electrochemical reduction processes. By the example of three most typical reactions for these particles, the main factors determining their reactivity are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139476168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1134/s1023193523220020
E. Bozdogan, M. Alper, M. C. Haciismailoglu, N. Erdogan
Abstract
The n- type silicon nanowires with vertically aligned different lengths and diameters were produced from the commercial n-type silicon wafers with (leftlangle {100} rightrangle ) orientation using the metal assisted chemical etching method. Then, in order to fabricate p-type cuprous oxide/n-type silicon nanowire heterojunctions, the p‑type cuprous oxide thin films were electrodeposited on the produced n-silicon nanowires. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that both the n-type silicon nanowires and p-type cuprous oxide/n-type silicon nanowire heterojunctions have cubic structure with a single phase. The cross-section field emission scanning electron microscopy images clearly showed the formation of the nanowires that have different lengths and diameters changing with the etching time. The optical characterizations by ultraviolet-visible-near infrared region spectrometry indicated that the reflectivity values of silicon nanowires and p-cuprous oxide/n-type silicon nanowire heterojunctions are much lower that of n-type silicon wafer. In addition, the diode performances of the heterojunctions were determined by current–voltage measurements and their ideality factors were found to be changed considerably depending on the structure of nanowires.
摘要 利用金属辅助化学蚀刻法，从取向为（左角{100}右角{100}）的商用n型硅晶片上制备出垂直排列的不同长度和直径的n型硅纳米线。然后，为了制备 p 型氧化亚铜/n 型硅纳米线异质结，在制备的 n 型硅纳米线上电沉积了 p 型氧化亚铜薄膜。X 射线衍射图样显示，n 型硅纳米线和 p 型氧化亚铜/n 型硅纳米线异质结都具有单相立方结构。横截面场发射扫描电子显微镜图像清楚地显示了纳米线的形成，其长度和直径随蚀刻时间的变化而变化。紫外-可见-近红外光谱的光学表征表明，硅纳米线和 p 型氧化物/n 型硅纳米线异质结的反射率远低于 n 型硅晶片。此外，还通过电流-电压测量测定了异质结的二极管性能，发现其理想度系数随纳米线结构的不同而有很大变化。
{"title":"p-Type Cuprous Oxide Thin Films Electrodeposited on Si Nanowires with $$leftlangle {100} rightrangle $$ Orientation","authors":"E. Bozdogan, M. Alper, M. C. Haciismailoglu, N. Erdogan","doi":"10.1134/s1023193523220020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193523220020","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The <i>n-</i> type silicon nanowires with vertically aligned different lengths and diameters were produced from the commercial <i>n-</i>type silicon wafers with <span>(leftlangle {100} rightrangle )</span> orientation using the metal assisted chemical etching method. Then, in order to fabricate <i>p</i>-type cuprous oxide/<i>n-</i>type silicon nanowire heterojunctions, the <i>p</i>‑type cuprous oxide thin films were electrodeposited on the produced <i>n</i>-silicon nanowires. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that both the <i>n</i>-type silicon nanowires and <i>p</i>-type cuprous oxide/<i>n</i>-type silicon nanowire heterojunctions have cubic structure with a single phase. The cross-section field emission scanning electron microscopy images clearly showed the formation of the nanowires that have different lengths and diameters changing with the etching time. The optical characterizations by ultraviolet-visible-near infrared region spectrometry indicated that the reflectivity values of silicon nanowires and <i>p</i>-cuprous oxide/<i>n</i>-type silicon nanowire heterojunctions are much lower that of <i>n-</i>type silicon wafer. In addition, the diode performances of the heterojunctions were determined by current<i>–</i>voltage measurements and their ideality factors were found to be changed considerably depending on the structure of nanowires.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1134/s1023193523120030
A. J. Amiraslanova, A. T. Mamedova, S. Z. Imamaliyeva, I. J. Alverdiyev, Yu. A. Yusibov, M. B. Babanly
Abstract
The thermodynamic properties of the Ag8GeTe6 compound and Ag8GeTe6 –xSex solid solutions are studied by means of EMF measurement of concentration cells with a solid Ag electrode relative to the Ag4RbI5 electrolyte in the temperature range 300–400 K. From the EMF measurement data, the partial thermodynamic functions of silver in the alloys are calculated. Based on the solid-phase equilibria data in the Ag–Ge–Se–Te system, the potential-forming reactions responsible for these partial molar functions are determined and the standard thermodynamic functions of formation and standard entropies of the Ag8GeTe6 compound and Ag8GeTe5Se, Ag8GeTe4Se2, Ag8GeTe3Se3, Ag8GeTe2Se4, and Ag8GeTeSe5 solid solutions are calculated.
{"title":"Thermodynamic Study of Ag8GeTe6 and Ag8GeTe6 – xSex Solid Solutions by the EMF Method with Solid Ag+-Conducting Electrolyte","authors":"A. J. Amiraslanova, A. T. Mamedova, S. Z. Imamaliyeva, I. J. Alverdiyev, Yu. A. Yusibov, M. B. Babanly","doi":"10.1134/s1023193523120030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193523120030","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The thermodynamic properties of the Ag<sub>8</sub>GeTe<sub>6</sub> compound and Ag<sub>8</sub>GeTe<sub>6 –</sub> <sub><i>x</i></sub>Se<sub><i>x</i></sub> solid solutions are studied by means of EMF measurement of concentration cells with a solid Ag electrode relative to the Ag<sub>4</sub>RbI<sub>5</sub> electrolyte in the temperature range 300–400 K. From the EMF measurement data, the partial thermodynamic functions of silver in the alloys are calculated. Based on the solid-phase equilibria data in the Ag–Ge–Se–Te system, the potential-forming reactions responsible for these partial molar functions are determined and the standard thermodynamic functions of formation and standard entropies of the Ag<sub>8</sub>GeTe<sub>6</sub> compound and Ag<sub>8</sub>GeTe<sub>5</sub>Se, Ag<sub>8</sub>GeTe<sub>4</sub>Se<sub>2</sub>, Ag<sub>8</sub>GeTe<sub>3</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>, Ag<sub>8</sub>GeTe<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub>, and Ag<sub>8</sub>GeTeSe<sub>5</sub> solid solutions are calculated.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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