Substantial underreporting is typical in interviewing respondents on their drug use and other sensitive behaviors. This chapter reviews established strategies, self-administered questionnaires and indirect questioning techniques, for increasing the willingness of respondents to report stigmatizing behaviors. While these methods improve reporting, each has shortcomings and burdens which limit their effectiveness. A new computer-based self-interviewing approach which incorporates recorded audio playback of questions offers improved self-administered interviewing. The chapter discusses this technology, audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (audio-CASI), describing its features and positive results from the early research tests of the method.
{"title":"Mode of interview and reporting of sensitive issues: design and implementation of audio computer-assisted self-interviewing.","authors":"J T Lessler, J M O'Reilly","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substantial underreporting is typical in interviewing respondents on their drug use and other sensitive behaviors. This chapter reviews established strategies, self-administered questionnaires and indirect questioning techniques, for increasing the willingness of respondents to report stigmatizing behaviors. While these methods improve reporting, each has shortcomings and burdens which limit their effectiveness. A new computer-based self-interviewing approach which incorporates recorded audio playback of questions offers improved self-administered interviewing. The chapter discusses this technology, audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (audio-CASI), describing its features and positive results from the early research tests of the method.</p>","PeriodicalId":76229,"journal":{"name":"NIDA research monograph","volume":"167 ","pages":"366-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20186279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D G Fisher, H H Cagle, D C Davis, A M Fenaughty, T Kuhrt-Hunstiger, S R Fison
{"title":"Health consequences of rural illicit drug use: questions without answers.","authors":"D G Fisher, H H Cagle, D C Davis, A M Fenaughty, T Kuhrt-Hunstiger, S R Fison","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76229,"journal":{"name":"NIDA research monograph","volume":"168 ","pages":"175-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20203626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Culturally competent substance abuse prevention research among rural Native American communities.","authors":"J Stubben","doi":"10.1037/e495612006-021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e495612006-021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76229,"journal":{"name":"NIDA research monograph","volume":"168 ","pages":"459-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20203634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Drug and alcohol use among rural Mexican-Americans.","authors":"F G Castro, S Gutierres","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76229,"journal":{"name":"NIDA research monograph","volume":"168 ","pages":"498-530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20203636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human liver cocaine carboxylesterases.","authors":"W F Bosron, R A Dean, M R Brzezinski, E V Pindel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76229,"journal":{"name":"NIDA research monograph","volume":"173 ","pages":"27-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20203638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction of the Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award.","authors":"J H Jaffe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76229,"journal":{"name":"NIDA research monograph","volume":"174 ","pages":"14-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20133505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inhibitors of anandamide breakdown.","authors":"D G Deutsch, A Makriyannis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76229,"journal":{"name":"NIDA research monograph","volume":"173 ","pages":"65-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20202245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Drug and alcohol use among youth in rural communities.","authors":"R W Edwards","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76229,"journal":{"name":"NIDA research monograph","volume":"168 ","pages":"53-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20203622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive marijuana plantderived cannabinoid, and numerous synthetic derivatives have been shown to bind to a specific brain receptor, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) (Howlett et al. 1990; Matsuda et al. 1990; Herkenham et al. 1990; Mailleux and Vanderhagen 1992). Arachidonoyl ethanolamide (anandamide), homo--linolenyl ethanolamide, and docosatetraenyl ethanolamide are naturally occurring brain constituents that bind to CB1 and as a class are called the anandamides (Mechoulam et al. 1994; Devane et al. 1992; Hanus et al. 1993; Felder et al. 1993; Devane 1994). Anandamide behaves as a cannabimimetic compound in vitro, stimulating receptor-mediated signal transduction that leads to the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase (Vogel et al. 1993; Childers et al. 1993)1. In a neuroblastoma cell line, anandamide causes partial inhibition of N-type calcium currents via a pertussis toxin-sensitive guanosine triphosphate binding protein (Gprotein) pathway, independently of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) metabolism (Mackie et al. 1993). Using a series of behavioral tests to evaluate cannabinoid analogs, anandamide has been shown to be a cannabinoid receptor agonist exhibiting pharmacological activity in mice parallel to that of other psychotropic cannabinoids (Fride and Mechoulam, 1993; Crawley et al. 1993; Smith et al. 1994; Abadji et al. 1994).
-四氢大麻酚(THC)，精神活性大麻植物衍生的大麻素，以及许多合成衍生物已被证明与特定的脑受体，大麻素受体1 (CB1)结合(Howlett等，1990;Matsuda et al. 1990;Herkenham et al. 1990;Mailleux and Vanderhagen, 1992)。花生四烯醇基乙醇酰胺(anandamide)、亚麻烯基乙醇酰胺和二十二碳四烯基乙醇酰胺是天然存在的与CB1结合的脑成分，作为一类被称为anandamide (Mechoulam et al. 1994;Devane et al. 1992;Hanus et al. 1993;Felder et al. 1993;迪瓦恩1994)。Anandamide在体外表现为一种大麻模拟化合物，刺激受体介导的信号转导，导致抑制福斯克林刺激的腺苷酸环化酶(Vogel等，1993;儿童等人，1993)1。在神经母细胞瘤细胞系中，anandamide通过百日咳毒素敏感的鸟苷三磷酸结合蛋白(Gprotein)途径引起n型钙电流的部分抑制，独立于环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)代谢(Mackie et al. 1993)。使用一系列行为测试来评估大麻素类似物，anandamide已被证明是一种大麻素受体激动剂，在小鼠中表现出与其他精神大麻素相似的药理活性(Fride和Mechoulam, 1993;Crawley et al. 1993;Smith et al. 1994;Abadji et al. 1994)。
{"title":"Inhibitors of anandamide breakdown.","authors":"D. Deutsch, A. Makriyannis","doi":"10.1037/e495572006-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e495572006-007","url":null,"abstract":"-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive marijuana plantderived cannabinoid, and numerous synthetic derivatives have been shown to bind to a specific brain receptor, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) (Howlett et al. 1990; Matsuda et al. 1990; Herkenham et al. 1990; Mailleux and Vanderhagen 1992). Arachidonoyl ethanolamide (anandamide), homo--linolenyl ethanolamide, and docosatetraenyl ethanolamide are naturally occurring brain constituents that bind to CB1 and as a class are called the anandamides (Mechoulam et al. 1994; Devane et al. 1992; Hanus et al. 1993; Felder et al. 1993; Devane 1994). Anandamide behaves as a cannabimimetic compound in vitro, stimulating receptor-mediated signal transduction that leads to the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase (Vogel et al. 1993; Childers et al. 1993)1. In a neuroblastoma cell line, anandamide causes partial inhibition of N-type calcium currents via a pertussis toxin-sensitive guanosine triphosphate binding protein (Gprotein) pathway, independently of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) metabolism (Mackie et al. 1993). Using a series of behavioral tests to evaluate cannabinoid analogs, anandamide has been shown to be a cannabinoid receptor agonist exhibiting pharmacological activity in mice parallel to that of other psychotropic cannabinoids (Fride and Mechoulam, 1993; Crawley et al. 1993; Smith et al. 1994; Abadji et al. 1994).","PeriodicalId":76229,"journal":{"name":"NIDA research monograph","volume":"173 1","pages":"65-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57800048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The co-occurrence of alcohol use disorders, drug use disorders, and major depression has frequently been reported in alcoholic, drug abuse, and psychiatric patient samples (Allen and Francis 1986; Demilio 1989; El-Guebaly 1990; Ross et al. 1988; Rounsaville et al. 1982). Significant associations between substance use disorders and major depression have also been found in general population surveys (Regier et al. 1990; Robins et al. 1988; Weissman and Meyers 1980), but the magnitude is much lower than that reported in clinical samples. This suggests that people with comorbid substance use disorders and major depression may be more likely to seek alcohol or drug treatment than those without such comorbidities. However, to date, no studies have examined the impact of comorbidity on alcohol or drug treatment in the population of greatest clinical and policy relevance, that is, among those persons with an alcohol use disorder or drug use disorder not found in the treated population.
酒精使用障碍、药物使用障碍和重度抑郁症的共同发生在酗酒、药物滥用和精神病人样本中经常被报道(Allen和Francis 1986;Demilio 1989;El-Guebaly 1990;Ross et al. 1988;Rounsaville et al. 1982)。在一般人口调查中也发现了物质使用障碍与重度抑郁症之间的显著关联(Regier等人，1990;Robins et al. 1988;Weissman and Meyers 1980)，但其幅度远低于临床样本中报告的值。这表明，与没有这些合并症的人相比，患有共病物质使用障碍和重度抑郁症的人可能更有可能寻求酒精或药物治疗。然而，迄今为止，还没有研究对临床和政策相关性最大的人群，即在治疗人群中未发现有酒精使用障碍或药物使用障碍的人群中，检查共病对酒精或药物治疗的影响。
{"title":"The influence of comorbid major depression and substance use disorders on alcohol and drug treatment: results of a national survey.","authors":"B. Grant","doi":"10.1037/E495582006-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/E495582006-008","url":null,"abstract":"The co-occurrence of alcohol use disorders, drug use disorders, and major depression has frequently been reported in alcoholic, drug abuse, and psychiatric patient samples (Allen and Francis 1986; Demilio 1989; El-Guebaly 1990; Ross et al. 1988; Rounsaville et al. 1982). Significant associations between substance use disorders and major depression have also been found in general population surveys (Regier et al. 1990; Robins et al. 1988; Weissman and Meyers 1980), but the magnitude is much lower than that reported in clinical samples. This suggests that people with comorbid substance use disorders and major depression may be more likely to seek alcohol or drug treatment than those without such comorbidities. However, to date, no studies have examined the impact of comorbidity on alcohol or drug treatment in the population of greatest clinical and policy relevance, that is, among those persons with an alcohol use disorder or drug use disorder not found in the treated population.","PeriodicalId":76229,"journal":{"name":"NIDA research monograph","volume":"18 1","pages":"4-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57800878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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