Odonto-stomatologie tropicale = Tropical dental journal最新文献

Objective: Systematic full-mouth dental examination during pregnancy is an official preventive measure recently advocated by the French Health policy. The aim of this study was firstly to evaluate the oral health related to some sociodemographic factors among pregnant women, and secondly to propose this dental examination together with the routine antenatal interview.

Material and method: This cross-sectional study combined several medical questionnaires with an oral examination. It concerned all pregnant women attending their routine antenatal interview in the maternity unit of the Montpellier hospital. Socioeconomic status was assessed by Epices index. So that two groups were determined : the deprived group (D), and the non-deprived group (ND).

Results: Oral examination revealed that 93% of the women were suffering from at least one oral disease, 74% had a periodontal disease (9% had a periodontitis), and 74% had at least one carious tooth. The mean Epices score was 30.5 and the mean number of carious teeth was significantly higher in the group D (3.4) than in the group ND (2.35), (p=0.02). The prevalence of periodontal disease or periodontitis were not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.81 and p=0.99 respectively). After stratification on the degree of dental hygiene knowledge, it was found that knowing about an adequate dental hygiene and specific preventive measures regarding pregnancy could reduce the gap between the oral health status of the two socioeconomic groups.

Conclusion: This study showed that performing an oral examination, at the same time than the antenatal interview, could highly improve the knowledge about dental hygiene among pregnant women and the screening of oral diseases, especially for deprived population.

Unlabelled: The aim of this work was to study the association between dental and periodontal status and digestive pathology in the Ferlo populations in Senegal.

Method: This was a cross sectional study involving 300 people living in the area of the Ferlo in the Centre East of Senegal. Selected individuals must be over the age of 15 years and resided in the area. Cluster sampling helped recruit individuals. Collected information related to digestive pathology (yes or no), periodontal status (plate index, inflammation, bleeding, loss of attachment, the depth of pocket and the CPITN.) Dental status was evaluated by the DMFT. The data analyzed with software R and the Student's t test used to compare the averages of the indices in both groups at the threshold of 5%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to isolate the final model with a threshold of 5%.

Results: Averages of dental and periodontal index were broadly equal in both groups (sick and not sick). The DMF and missing teeth were significantly associated with the digestive pathology after adjustment on gender, age, BMI, marital status, the number of cigarettes smoked and the depth of pocket.

Conclusion: This study revealed a significant association between dental status and digestive pathology. The comprehensive care of patients therefore raises the interest of collaboration between surgeons, dentists and gastroenterologists for effective and adequate treatment.

Aim: To assess the effect of various socio-demographic in addition to oral hygiene variables on the oral hygiene and periodontal status.

Methods: A combination of multi stage and cluster sampling procedure was followed to collect a representative population of 831, 12 year-old schoolchildren of Udiapur district. Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) were used to evaluate oral hygiene and periodontal status respectively. Along with the clinical examination, each subject was interviewed to collect the socio-demographic information and oral hygiene practices.

Results: The overall mean OHI-S was 1.42 and debris component of the oral hygiene index was dominant. Unpaired 't' test showed significantly higher DI-S (p = 0.0001) and OHI-S (p = 0.007) among boys than girls. The overall prevalence of periodontal disease was 89.9% and gingival bleeding was widespread. Chi square test demonstrated significant differences (p = 0.0001) with 14.6% urban children having healthy periodontium in comparison to 5.6% rural residents. Oral hygiene scores were dependent on the father's occupation (p = 0.046), father's (p = 0.002) and mother's level of education (p = 0.0001).

Conclusions: Oral hygiene status was poor, more among boys with debris contributing a major part for oral hygiene index. Periodontal status was poor with bleeding being most prevalent indicator. The multivariate analysis of oral hygiene status confirmed the existence of socio-behavioural determinants for oral hygiene.

The current diversity of opinions in endodontic diagnosis has been a source of interest and academic debate by clinicians and researchers. Currently, no single pulp testing technique can reliably diagnose all pulpal conditions neither it has been proven to be superior in all aspects. Despite improvements of various aspects of this process, there are no historically dramatic changes, or consensus for pulpal status in health or disease in addition to a lack of relative systematic reviews. In this review, the past, present and future most debated and critically questioned issues of endodontic diagnosis are discussed. The aim of this review is to provide insights in future diagnostic modalities and areas for further study in endodontic practice pertinent to diagnosis.

Introduction: The aims of our study are to measure the volume of the facial cavities based on a three-dimensional tomodensitometric acquisition in normodivergent, skeletal and dental Class I subjects; to quantify volumetric normality and generate an individual normality concept of these cavities.

Material and methods: The study was performed on a sample of 60 subjects equally divided between both genders. Based on the X, Y, Z coordinates of the anatomic landmarks and structural contours selected on the native slices and with the help of the GammaCepha software, we were able to compute the volume of the different cavities.

Results: The ratio of the different volumes compared to the total volume is 20.9% for males, 19.1% for females in maxillary sinuses ; 13.4% for males, 14.7% for females in orbital cavities; 29.7% for males, 30.2% for females in ethmoido-nasal cavity and 36% for males, 36% for females in oral cavity.

Conclusion: This new method of calculating volumes of the different facial cavities is an original approach to three-dimensional biometrics. To our knowledge, the criteria of normality chosen in this study, which have not been defined until present, have allowed us to establish standards of volumetric facial cavities. This will allow identifying individuals in comparison to a normal volume reference, and define an individual balance regarding facial volumes.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, experiences and intention to have tooth bleaching among young adults studying in a Nigerian University.

Materials and methods: A cross-section of part-time undergraduate students of University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria were studied in 2010 using a self-administered questionnaire.

Results: About three-quarters 289 (72.4%) of the respondents reported awareness of at least one cause of tooth discoloration. A total of 143 (35.8%) of the respondents have heard of tooth bleaching with main sources of information being friends/relatives, dentists and the internet. One-third 132 (33.1%) of the respondents correctly identified that the aim of tooth bleaching was to make the teeth whiter. The respondents that had correct knowledge about mechanism, duration and complications of tooth bleaching were 51 (12.8%), 25 (6.3%) and 35 (8.8%) respectively. The major perceived benefits of tooth bleaching reported by the respondents were self confidence boost 152 (38.1%) and improvement of one's beauty 107 (26.8%). Out of the 68 (17.0%) respondents that have attempted tooth bleaching, 36 (52.9%) used tooth whitening toothpaste. Out of the 151 (37.8%) respondents that expressed intention of having tooth bleaching procedure, 32 (21.2%) would pursue the course, no matter the cost.

Conclusion: In the studied population, knowledge of tooth discoloration was high, awareness and experiences of tooth bleaching were low but significant number expressed intention of having tooth bleaching. It is important that dentists increase oral health information particularly tooth bleaching information accessibility to the young adult population to improve the knowledge and prevent adverse effects.

It is a transverse descriptive study realized from clinical files of 100 Moroccan children aged between 6 and 15 year-old having consulted the Rabat Dental Hospital (U.T.H. Ibn Sina) in Morocco between January and December 2009. The criteria of inclusion are age, Moroccan origin, first four permanent molars having made their eruption and a complete clinical file. The criteria of exclusion are the non-eruption of a first permanent molar and an incomplete clinical file. The clinical parameters are: age, sex, tooth brushing, quality of alimentation and the condition of the first permanent molars (caries, extraction, filling). The results showed that 65% of the children between 6 and 15 years have at least a first decayed permanent molar. Eight per cent of the children have at least a filling material on the first permanent molar and 4% of the children have already extracted a first permanent molar. The caries touch both sexes, both right and left sectors and both superior and lower arches without statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). The presence of the caries increased, on the other hand, with the age (p < 0.05). The relation between presence of caries, tooth brushing and quality of alimentation is not significant (p < 0.05). These results are in accordance with numerous studies and show a particular cario-sensibility of the first permanent molar.

Periodontal diseases are among the most common infectious diseases that lead to the destruction of periodontal tissues. Anaerobic gram-negative bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomecetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum...) isolated from periodontal lesions, have been shown to be related to the onset and progression of periodontal disease. Given the incidence of periodontitis, increased resistance of oral bacteria to antibiotics and adverse effects of some antibacterial agents currently used in dentistry, there is a need for alternative products that are safe and effective, for prevention and treatment of these diseases. Essential oils considered traditional medicines are viewed as good alternatives. In Morocco, a wide producer of essential oils, the high prevalence of aggressive periodontitis, related to virulent periodontal bacteria isolated from pockets in Moroccan adolescents and because of the reasons evoked above, the search of a new natural agent has become a necessity. In this qualitative systematic review, the virulence and increased antibiotic resistance of periopathogens, involved in periodontitis, will be exposed, justifying the use of alternative natural agents such as essential oils-based. Studies that have investigated the efficacy of such plant-derived medicines on periodontal pathogens will be described and discussed.

Dental amalgam is a metallic restorative material that is used for direct filling of carious lesions since many years. The use of this material generates solid and particulate wastes that present potential challenges to the environment. This study was carried out to assess amalgam use and waste management protocols practiced by Moroccan and Burkinabe dentists. A cross-sectional study was made of 79 in Rabat, Sale and Temara in Morocco and 56 in Ouagadougou, Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina-Faso. The results showed that 69.5% of dental amalgam waste in Morocco vs 49.9% in Burkina-Faso was disposed with household waste which is a problem for both the environment and a risk to human being. Proper methods of dental amalgam waste disposal should be carried out to prevent indirect mercury poisoning for human.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence of orthodontically induced root resorption during the tooth alignment and leveling phase, and to assess the impact of the variables age, sex and degree and direction of incisor displacement. We studied a consulting population at the dentofacial orthopaedics unit of the Dental Consultation and Treatment Centre (DCTC), Casablanca. Our sample was composed of 30 exposed cases and 30 non-exposed cases, followed up for a period of 8 months. A survey document was drawn up for data collection, and retro-alveolar radiographic imaging was used to evaluate resorption. Our results showed that the patients receiving orthodontic treatment all developed minor root resorptions during the alignment and levelling phase in the incisor group. We found that the central incisors underwent greater resorption than the lateral incisors.