Odonto-stomatologie tropicale = Tropical dental journal最新文献

Erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology associated with cell-mediated immunological dysfunction. Rare among Blacks and Asian subjects, it is at the origin of symptoms ranging from burning pain during meals up to the inability to absorb solid foods or to ensure adequate oral hygiene. Its diagnosis is before all clinical, then confirmed by histopathological examination. Chronic and recurrent forms developments can cause malignant transformation where the importance of being known by any clinicians compared to other oral diseases. Treatment is difficult and aimed at palliation rather than cure. We report the only case of erosive oral lichen planus received and supported in the service of Stomatology of General Hospital in Douala during the last ten years and whose etiology is discussed.

Rehabilitation with complete denture include among other objectives, improvement of facial and dental esthetics. To these ends, the artificial teeth should mimic as far as possible, healthy and natural dentition. The main objective of this study was to investigate factors associated with tooth color among black African subjects. One hundred and two subjects (72 men and 30 women) were included in this investigation. The colorimetric parameters of their teeth as well as those of the conjunctiva of their eyes and skin were recorded from standardized photographs. Two software, Mesurim and Photoshop were used for that purpose. Univariate and linear regression analysis were run to assess the association between tooth color and the variables age, gender and colorimetric parameters of eyes and skin. It appears from the result of this study that tooth color was positively and significantly associated with age. Stepwise multiple regression analysis further revealed that tooth hue can be best predicted by a combination of skin complexion and brightness and eye lightness.

Eruption of the first deciduous teeth in children has shown much variation and occasionally may erupt prematurely at birth or within one month of life. Myths about natal/neonatal teeth abound in the Nigerian culture. Nurses are health care providers who are in constant close contact with patients and can be invaluable in helping to dispel these associated myths. However, to provide correct information they should be adequately equipped to do so. The aim of this study thus, was to assess the attitudes and beliefs of some nurses in Ibadan, Nigeria to natal/neonatal teeth in infants. A cross sectional survey was conducted among 380 nurses in the teaching, general and local government hospitals and clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria. Results revealed that 41.3% of the respondents would express shock and surprise if they assisted in delivering a baby with natal teeth. Half of the respondents (49.7%) felt that natal/neonatal teeth will be a great source of embarrassment to the family while a smaller proportion (11.8%), believed it was a curse (p = 0.01). On the advice the respondents would give to the mothers, more than a th (39.7%), would recommend immediate extraction of the teeth. A further 42 (11.1%) nurses were of the opinion that spiritual cleansing should be carried out prior to extraction. A greater proportion of the older nurses would advice immediate extraction of the teeth (p = 0.031). Regarding the perceived effect of natal/neonatal teeth on the children, (7.4%), (12.6%) and (29.2%) of the respondents believed that the children will behave strangely, will possess spiritual authority and be victims of stigmatization later in life respectively. This study has revealed that knowledge gaps about natal/neonatal teeth exist among the nurses in Ibadan, Nigeria. Health education programmes targeted at nurses are essential to correct these beliefs.

Objective: To assess occupational stress among dental house officers and students treating patients in a tertiary healthcare centre in Nigeria.

Materials and methods: This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study of dental officers and final year dental students at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City was conducted in the second half of 2010. The questionnaire utilized was a modified form of stress screening questionnaire of International Stress Management Association.

Results: Out of the 100 questionnaires distributed, 88 questionnaires were returned, giving a response rate of 88.0%. A total of 53 (60.2%) the respondents were male and 35 (39.8%) were females. Dental students constituted 54 (61.4%) of the respondents while the remaining 34 (38.6%) were house officers. Amongst the respondents, 9 (10.2%), 68 (77.8%) and 11 (12.5%) reported severe, moderate and mild occupational stress respectively. The reported stress was significantly associated with gender (P = 0.032) as more female reported severe stress and more male reported moderate stress. The mean stress level was significantly higher among dental students than house officers (P = 0.007).

Conclusion: One in every ten respondent reported severe occupational stress with a significant gender difference. Development of stress reduction strategies for dental house officers and students with gender bias is imperative.

Unlabelled: Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a complication related to the use of bisphosphonates (BPs). Patients receiving BPs for the treatment of malignancies are at an increased risk of developing bisphosphonate-related ONJ (BRONJ) as compared to patients receiving BPs for the treatment of other disorders such as osteoporosis. Additionally, tooth extractions have been suggested to increase the risk of BRONJ in individuals taking BPs.

Objective: To review the role of dental extraction as a risk factor for BRONJ in cancer patients.

Materials and methods: Databases were searched from January 1999 up to and including July 2012 using various combinations of the following keywords: "bisphosphonate", "osteonecrosis of the jaw", "cancer", "oral" and "dental extraction".

Results: Twenty two studies were included. Eighteen studies assessed the relationship between BRONJ and dental extractions in cancer patients, reporting the overall prevalence of BRONJ following extraction in this group as 3.25 +/- 2.23%. Four studies did not report a correlation between BRONJ and extractions, and recommended protocols to avoid the complication.

Conclusion: There is a plausible relationship between dental extractions and the development of BRONJ in cancer patients. Written informed consent must be obtained prior to dental procedures in patients at risk for developing BRONJ.

Aim: To determine the frequency of dental caries and habits that can be the cause of this disease in Brazzaville.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted in primary schools between February and May 2010. This study involved a sample of 307 students of both sexes, aged 4-15 years from school in the city of Brazzaville.

Results: Prevalence of dental caries was 53.4% and the index of DMFT 2.06. Use of toothbrush was 99.4%. Two children (0.7%) brushed their teeth three times a day. There was a statistical link between regularity of brushing and occurrence of caries. The prevalence of caries was of 53% in children who brushed once a day and 12.8% in those who brushed twice a day. No decay was noted in those who brushed three times a day (p = 0.001). The DMFT was 2.06 in children who used non-fluoridated toothpaste and 1.13 in those who used the fluoridated toothpaste (p = 0.002).

Conclusion: To ensure students a better oral hygiene and healthier teeth, a module in oral health education in schools is one of the way to fight against this public health problem.

Introduction: The aims of this study were to (1) define facial architecture in Caucasian patients with normodivergent, skeletal and dental class I using Treil's cephalometric analysis, which is based on computed tomography (CT), and (2) develop a scheme to determine individual balance or normality in relation to linear, angular and volumetric parameters.

Material and methods: The CT data of 60 adult subjects were equally divided between both genders. Based on anatomical points located along the trigeminal neuro-matricial facial growth axes, a three-dimensional maxillo-facial architecture was constructed.

Results: Volumetric and linear parameters were greater in males (0.000 < p < 0.044) except for the anterior and posterior mandibular width. Sexual dimorphism was not observed with angular parameters. There was no correlation between volumetric and angular parameters. The correlation tests showed that the total volume of the frame increases with infraorbital depth, supraorbital depth, posterior mandibular width and facial height (0.526 < r < 0.777), while it was not associated with the maxillo-orbital width (0.252 < r < 0.389). Total and orbital volumes were more correlated with posterior than with anterior mandibular width. Maxillo-mandibular volume of the frame was more cor-related with orbital depth (0.591 < r < 0.742) than the orbital volume (0.482 < r < 0.589).

Conclusions: The results allowed us to establish three-dimensional cephalometric standards, and to replace the tenet of normality, which is a mean value of calculated parameters, by the concept of individual balance among volumetric entities. While sagittal and vertical dimensions affect volumetric changes of the frame, the transverse dimension does not.

Aim: To assess expectant mothers on their knowledge and awareness of factors affecting paediatric oral health.

Method: Seven hundred and six women in different stages of pregnancy were recruited from the antenatal clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital over a period of four weeks. A self-administered structured questionnaire on socio-demographic information, oral health knowledge and oral health behaviour was filled by the participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17.

Results: The mean age of the subjects was 29.6 (SD + 4.4) years. Seventy percent of them had tertiary education and 63.9% were unemployed. A significant proportion (83.4%) of the women had medium to high score (> 50%) in the knowledge of causal and preventive factors in dental caries and gingivitis. Over seventy nine percent (79.2%) of them acknowledged that primary teeth are important, but 43.6% did not know whether primary teeth should be restored or not. Only 39.3% of the women knew that leaving a feeding bottle/breast in the mouth of a sleeping child could be harmful to the teeth. Knowledge of the role of bacteria in gingivitis (81.3%) and dental caries (86.6%) was high. Over 45% of participants agreed that mothers could transmit cariogenic bacteria to their children. Only 0.7% of the women had taken their children to the dental clinic for routine checkup.

Conclusion: Most of the participants had medium to high knowledge of the factors that affect paediatric oral health, yet the participants did not demonstrate adequate and proper concomitant oral health practice.

Objective: To determine the perception of pain and discomfort associated with orthodontic separator placement in patients attending the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.

Method: Sixty four patients scheduled for treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances completed questionnaires before insertion of separators and after placement at 4 hours, 24 hours and 7 days. The level of pain and discomfort during these time periods was assessed by a visual analogue scale.

Results: There was a significant increase in the level of pain/discomfort 4 hours and 24 hours after placement of the separators for all the activities. The level of pain/discomfort peaked at 4 hours but did not return to baseline levels after 7 days. Patients more than 16 years old reported significantly more pain/discomfort over time than those 16 years and under. No significant difference in pain/discomfort was found between the sexes.

Conclusion: Patients experience pain/discomfort following placement of orthodontic separators. Pretreatment counselling and analgesics are recommended.

Objective: To assess the oral health practices and the prevalence of dental problems among competitive university athletes in Nigeria.

Materials and methods: A cross-section of athletes that participated at the 2011 Nigerian university games in Benin-city, Nigeria, was studied. The tool of data collection was self-administered questionnaire. The information sought included demographics of the respondents and the sports they are involved in. Other information included prevalence of dental problem, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, history of toothache, gingival bleeding and mouth ulcer as well as their care seeking behaviour and pattern of oral health utilization.

Results: The response rate was 75.3%. The prevalence of oral health problem among the respondents was 28.3% and dental caries was the commonest reported oral health problem among the respondents. A total of 106 (46.9%), 82 (36.3%) and 92 (40.7%) of the respondents had experienced toothache, gingival bleeding and mouth ulcer respectively. Less than half (40.7%) of the respondents have ever visited the dentist. Among the respondents, 108 (47.8%) reported taking alcohol while 16 (7.1%) indulged in cigarette smoking. Consumption of soft drink always and sometimes were reported by 64 (28.3%) and 98 (43.4%) of the respondents respectively. Respondents who had experienced dental problem during competitions made up 15.9% of the respondents and 66.7% of this group reported that the dental problem affected their performance in the competition.

Conclusion: The prevalence of dental conditions among respondents was high and it had adverse impact on performance in competitions.