Odonto-stomatologie tropicale = Tropical dental journal最新文献

The authors describe the ectodermal Capdepont syndrome as an anomaly characterized by anhidrosis, hypotrichosis and anodontia diagnosed in a 22 year-old adult. In front of this anodontia, oral prosthetic rehabilitation remains the only solution.

Unlabelled: The authors report a case of tetanus diagnosed in the aftermath of tooth extraction, in the absence of any other front door.

Observation: A patient showed a persistent trismus several days after the extraction of tooth 38 performed at the dental office. The diffusion of tension and the appearance of paroxysms allowed the diagnosis of tetanus.

Discussion: The possibility of occurrence of tetanus after a tooth extraction should be kept in mind before a persistent trismus with rapid expansion in the neck and limbs. The dentist should be aware of the symptoms of tetanus to refer the patient to a specialized department.

Introduction: Prosthetic teeth size and placement must be in perfect harmony with the bucco-facial structures for a successful and esthetic removable prosthesis. This study aimed to determine among young Senegalese black people facial index estimating maxillary central incisor width and distance between canine points starting from bizygomatic width.

Patients and methods: 621 black Senegalese participated to this transversal study. Measurements were made using anthropometric slide caliper and electronic slide caliper. The comparative analysis was carried out by the test t of Student. The correlative analysis used the chi-square test. The risk of error was fixed at 5%.

Results: Positive correlations were found between variables. Distance between canine points was significantly (p = 0.000) correlated to bizygomatic width and central incisor width. Using bizygomatic width, the average dividing factors to estimate central incisor width and distance between canine points were respectively 15.13 and 3.75.

Conclusion: Distance between canine points and central incisor width can be given starting from bizygomatic width, as guide of selecting maxillary anterior prosthetic teeth width.

Introduction: The consequences of tooth loss are often severe for the patient: aesthetic deficit, decreased masticatory coefficient, malnutrition... The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical aspects of dental extractions of patients attending the University Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo (UTHYO).

Patients and methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study on a sample of 65 patients who received a dental extraction at least in dental surgery of the UTHYO.

Results: The sample consisted of 33 (50.8%) patients female to 32 (49.2%) cases of male, or a sex ratio of 0.96. The average age was 36,55 year-old with extremes of 5 and 84 years. Employees and pupils were the most affected by extractions (33 cases; 47,8% and 22 cases; 33,8%). Dental extractions were more frequent in patients aged between 25 and 60 years. A total of 84 tooth extraction was performed in 65 patients, an average of 1.3 tooth extracted per patient. The most often extracted tooth was the third lower molar (17 cases, 22,95%). The canine was the less often extracted tooth (1 case, 1,35%). Dental decay and its complications (57 cases, 67,87%) and periodontal diseases (10 cases, 11,90%) were the commonest reasons for dental extractions.

Conclusion: Dental decay and periodontal diseases are the most important causes of dental extractions. Particular emphasis should be placed on prevention and early care of teeth.

Ni-Cr alloys used in denture set, which have excellent mechanical properties, have a chemical and electrochemical inertia that depends on their composition and their microstructure. The objective of our work was to study the ultrastructure of the Ni-Cr alloy exposed to a free corrosion and a chemical analysis of surface depending on its composition. For this, five electrodes Ni-Cr alloy were prepared at the prosthesis laboratory by varying their composition. An analysis of the ultrastructure of the samples made by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) samples was performed as well as a chemical analysis of their spectra. Prior to any manipulation, analysis by SEM of electrode number 5 (100% new metal) shows an altered surface. The electrode 3 (75% new metal) also presents an uneven surface. After a week in a free corrosion in Meyer solution at pH = 6.5, the electrode 5 shows a widespread intergranular and pitting corrosion. The same electrode 3 (75% new metal) after one week immersion in Ringer's solution at pH 7.9, shows a widespread intergranular and pitting corrosion. After electrochemical testing in Ringer's solution at pH 5, the SEM for electrode 1 (100% recovered metal) shows a very rugged structure with an important crevice corrosion. The composition and terms of shaping the Ni-Cr alloy influence its microstructure and at the same time its electrochemical behavior.

Objective: Dentoalveolar abscess is a serious complication that may arise from untreated dental caries, periodontal disease, pericoronitis and facial fractures. The objective of study was to ascertain the dental visit pattern and awareness of dental treatment among patients attending a secondary oral health facility in Benin-City with dentoalveolar abscess.

Materials and methods: A total of 50 patients that presented with dentoalveolar abscess in the Dental Clinic of Central Hospital between September, 2012 and July, 2013 constituted the study population. Data was collected using unstructured in-depth interview, following a topic guide.

Results: Of the 50 patients, 29 (58%) were females, while 21 (42%) were males. Age range was between 3-67 years and the educational status of the patients ranged from illiterate to graduates of tertiary institution. Time interval between onset of pain and presentation of swelling was 1 day to 10 years. Forty-five patients (90%) have heard of dentists. A total of 27 (60%) reported teeth extraction as the only treatment carried out by dentists, 12 (27%) extraction/restoration replacement/treatment and 5 (13%) treatment only. Thirty-seven patients (74%) were first time clinic attendees, 7 (14%) were second time clinic attendees and 6 (12%) were three times and more clinic attendees.

Conclusion: This study revealed that patients attending secondary oral health facility with dentoalveolar abscess were dominantly first time dental clinic attendees and exhibited low awareness of treatments offered by dentists. There is need to further investigate the barriers to preventive visits and to improve of awareness of dental treatment among previous dental clinic attendees.

Introduction: This article presents the analysis of dental remains and waste from the dental office of a German rest camp of the First World War in order to study the living conditions of the soldiers, the care policy and the prosthetic rehabilitation techniques used in this context.

Materials and methods: The study included both dental and prosthetic remains, revealed during the excavation. The criteria to determine dental and periodontal health were the presence or absence of caries, wear, tartar and periodontal lesion. Location, severity and frequency of each of these parameters were examined. Regarding the prosthetic remains, the type of prosthesis and the materials used were determined.

Results: Three hundred and twenty seven (327) dental remains were analyzed. A high prevalence of large caries, especially in the molar areas, was highlighted. The incisal areas had however more wear and tartar. 183 casts of plaster dental arcade allowed to highlight a significant proportion of posterior edentulous. Prosthetic remains and laboratory waste revealed the use of vulcanite and porcelain for making dentures.

Objective: To evaluate the self-reported oral health attitudes and behaviour among the clinical dental students and to compare the influence of clinical experience on oral health attitudes and behaviour among dental students at the different clinical years in the University of Benin using the modified Hiroshima University Dental Behavior Inventory (HU-DBI).

Methods: The study involved 156 clinical dental students from the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. Demographic data were obtained for age and gender from 4th, 5th and 6th year clinical students. A modified English version of HU-DBI survey consisted of 22 items with dichotomous responses (yes-no) was used in this study. Descriptive statistics was performed for age and clinical level of education. Chi-square text was applied to the percentages of responses. Tamhane's T2 post-hoc multiple comparison for pairwise comparison of the three clinical levels of students was done to determine the differences. Test significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results: The response rate was 87.2%. The mean age of the respondents was 26.2 + 2.4 years. A total of 62 (39.7%) respondents were females and 94 (60.3%) males. Statistically significant differences were found among the various clinical levels of dental students for previous visit to the dentist office, visiting the dentist unless there is toothache, brushing the teeth twice daily and the prevention of gum disease with tooth brushing alone.

Conclusion: There was improvement in the dental students' oral health behaviour and attitudes with increasing level of dental education.

Objectives: Primary health care workers have the educational and clinical capacity required to learn basic package of oral care and become the primary resource for oral health promotion and simple curative care in their communities. The study was undertaken to determine the willingness of community health officers to treat patient with oral complaints, receive training on basic oral treatment and comment on basic package of oral care in the promotion of oral health.

Methods: Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaires were peer-reviewed for content validity and revised before data collection. Analysis was done using SPSS-16 statistical software. Proportions were compared using Chi-square test at 95% confidence interval.

Results: All the participants reported seeing patients with oral complaints. About 60% of the participants saw less than 5 patients with oral complaints per week, while 27.3% saw between 5-10 patients per week. Two-third (66.7%) and 18.2% of the patients visited the health centres for pain and multiple complaints respectively. About 90% of the health workers were willing to receive training on basic oral treatment and provide treatment for patients with dental complaints.

Conclusion: The expressed desire by the community health officers to learn basic oral treatment and provide treatment for the dental population in their local community; is an indication that this group of staff may be used to bridge the existing inequalities in oral health and contribute to the promotion of oral health.

Background: Adequate knowledge of timing and pattern of the third molars is essential. The molars are often used to supplement human maturity indicators for school attendance, social benefits, employment, and marriage, differentiating the juvenile from the adult's status in criminal law cases, unidentified cadavers and human remains when birth records are not adequate or not available. BROAD OBJECTIVE: The study was carried out to investigate the emergence status of the third molar tooth among 15 to 16 year-old Tanzanian adolescents.

Methodology: A cross-sectional community based study was carried out among secondary school children in Ilala District, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. This study included 203 adolescents aged 15-16 years old of whom 54% were boys and 46% girls. It was a subsample of randomly selected Tanzanian youths who were part of a larger sample of 869 children from randomly selected 16 schools from different parts of the district covering the whole range of socio-economic background.

Results: More third molars were already in occlusion in girls (11-13%) than in boys (3-4%) while girls had more third molars emerged into the oral cavity than boys did. The girls had about 15% to 20% of the four third molar teeth emerged in the oral cavity compared to about 3% to 18% in boys. Except for the mandibular right third molar, all the differences in emergence of the third molars between girls and boys were statistically significant. More mandibular third molars had emerged than the corresponding maxillary ones.

Discussion and conclusions: Third molars were in occlusion in 3-13% of the Tanzanian youths aged 15-16 years indicating earlier emergence than in Caucasian populations. Hence, the need for specific third molars emergence standard tables molars is evident. More studies both cross sectional and longitudinal type involving a larger sample to provide the median and mean ages, rate and pattern of emergence of the third molars in the Tanzanian youth populations are recommended.