Pahlavi medical journal最新文献

The cardiovascular and respiratory responses to scolex-free ovine hydatid cyst fluid were studied in 65 sodium pentobarbital-anesthetized sheep. The arterial blood pressure (ABP), central venous pressure (CVP), stethogram and electrocardiogram were recorded. Intra-venous administration of 10 ml or less hydatid fluid brought about moderate to severe fall in ABP and rapid respiration or permanent respiratory cessation in majority of the animals. Forty six percent of the sheep died of circulatory and respiratory failure after the first injection or the hydatid fluid. Boiled hydatid fluid did not lose its potency to evoke the above responses. Hydrocortisone, given 200 mg daily for seven days, failed to prevent the reactions to hydatid fluid. Intravenous administration of the antihistamines chlorpheniramine, 4 mg/kg, and antazoline, 5 mg/kg, caused only partial prevention of the responses in 8 out of 15 responsive sheep. Pretreatment of the animals with atropine, 0.5--1 mg/kg subcutaneously, did not block the reactions. The cardiovascular and respiratory responses to ovine hydatid fluid may be due to antigen-antibody reactions or some toxic component of the fluid.

Secondary amyloidosis can complicate any long-standing suppurative infection, such as tuberculosis, osteomyelitis and disorders of connective tissue, i.e., the so-called "collagen diseases". Rheumatoid arthritis is known to be a notable precursor of amyloidosis. The fact that a long-standing process is often necessary to produce the changes in the ground substance, makes Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (J R A) an interesting challenge to that hypothesis. The decreasing incidence of secondary amyloidosis, complicating rheumatoid arthritis, is attributed to better management of patients and the use of more effective anti-inflammatory therapy.

Prospective data on 40 new cases of adult onset (greater than 15 years of age) acute leukemia is presented. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounted for more than half of all the acute leukemias and represented 75% of the acute leukemias in the 15--25 years. The reasons for this finding remain to be explained. age group. The mean leukocyte count was significantly higher in the ALL group as compared to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients (111.7 x 103 + 26.3 x 103 versus 19.3 x 103 +/- 6.1 x 103, respectively). Thrombocytopenia, anemia and hemorrhagic signs including petechiae, ecchymoses and gum bleeding were more common in the AML group. This study verifies our clinical impression that ALL is more frequent than AML among our adult patients below the age of 25 years. The reasons for this finding remain to be explained.

In this review the different methods of antenatal detection of congenital abnormalities are briefly outlined. Modern techniques developed in recent years for the diagnosis of genetic disorders by studying the amniotic fluid are considered in detail. The technique of amniocentesis, its indications, complications and the methods of investigation of amniotic fluid are discussed. The indications for chromosomal analysis of amniotic fluid cells for detecting fetal abnormalities and possible pitfalls are reviewed. The major inborn disorders of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism which can be detected in early pregnancy are tabulated and briefly discussed.

Frequency of berign nodules in each lobes of the thyroid gland was determined in 214 consecutive patients who underwent thyroid operation. All cases had thyroid scintiscans. The right lobe was involved two times more than the left. In order to determine if this higher frequency was related to the naturally-occurring greater mass of the right lobe, fifteen normal thyroid glands from consecutive autopsy cases were bisected into halves and the weight of the two segments were compared. Although in 13 glands the right lobe was the larger one, the average weight difference was only seven percent.

Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis species from patient cultures and hospital environmental samples were studied for resistance to Penicillin-G and Cloxacillin, a penicillinase resistant penicillin. Only 4--7% of the 232 Staphylococcus aureus strains were sensitive to Penicillin-G; 40--41% were sensitive to Cloxacillin. Patient strains (57) of Staphylococcus epidermidis were sensitive to Penicillin-G in 29% and to Cloxacillin in 53% of the cases. The incidence of sensitivity of the hospital strains (50) of Staphylococcus epidermidis to Penicillin-G was 78% and to Cloxacillin was 93%. In view of their high resistance to Cloxacillin, the strains were evaluated for sensitivity to Gentamicin, an alternate choice for antibiotic therapy. Approximately 90% of the Staphylococcus aureus strains were sensitive to Gentamicin while 99% of the Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were sensitive. This study indicates that differences may exist in regard to antibiotic resistance patterns in various localities and this should be evaluated.

Myxoedema coma is a rare emergency needing prompt recognition and urgent treatment before diagnostic confirmation. The pathyphysiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis, investigations and treatment are described. Triiodothyronine in small doses intravenously with continuous cardiac monitoring is suggested. Slow rewarming, care of the airway and prompt treatment of hypoventilation by assisted ventilation, the use of hydrocortisone and the avoidance of sedatives, vasopressors and overloading are also discussed, as is prevention. This emergency occurs in elderly people often with co-existent disease and thus only close attention to detail will be rewarded with improving results and falling mortality figures.

It has been the impression of clinicians that pineal calcification is infrequent in Shiraz, Iran. In order to evaluate this clinical impression 2000 consecutive skul X-rays taken at Saadi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, were reviewed for the presence of physiologic intracranial calcifications. The incidence of these clasifications in male and female in consecutive age groups of 10 years from 0 to over 70 years of age were assessed and compared with previous reports from other countries. The average incidence of pineal calcification for those over 20 years of age was 18.29% in this study compared with 55% in the U.S.A. The incidence of calcification in the choroid plexus and the falx cerebri was also considerably less than previously reported. The literature is reviewed and the possible causes for the geographical differences in the reported frequency of physiologic intracranial calcifications is discussed. It is possible that racial and dietary factors may be significant in the variation in the incidence of pineal and other cranial calcifications noted in different countries. Within a population group, age and sex are additional factors.