Patologia polska最新文献

The authors carried out ultrastructural studies of the myocardial sections from inbred Wistar rats in the course of acute experimental poisoning with ethylene glycol. It was shown that slight mitochondrial swelling with clearing of the matrix, myofibrillar edema with decreased electron density of the sarcoplasma and widening of channels of the smooth intraplasmatic reticulum were visible as early as at 12 hours after intoxication with no changes in light microscopy. The changes were located mainly in the subendocardial layer of the ventricles and papillary muscles. At later stages of the experimental ultrastructural changes markedly progressed. Mitochondrial swelling enhanced with destruction of mitochondrial crests, myelin-like figures formed, myofibrillar necrosis and contraction bands developed and segmental or complete dissection of the intercalated disk edges appeared. The chages were scattered all over the myocardium predominating in the subendocardial layer and papillary muscles.

Relatively low co-existence of malignant neoplasms and chronic cardiovascular disease was documented in this work the emphasis being put on the conditions running with myocardial hypertrophy. The percentage of malignancy in the total autopsy material of 5821 men and 6849 women was 27.8 and 23.0 resp., and in the subgroup with heart weight 300-400 g, 36.8 and 31.0 resp. This percentage was significantly lower in separated subgroups of: a. arterial hypertension, 6.6 and 10.2, b. cardio-pulmonary syndrome, 23.0 and 18.5, c. healed myocardial infarct accompanied by myocardial hypertrophy, 13.3 and 11.7, d. acquired valvar deformity, 15.3 and 10.1. The subgroup of heart weight 150-250 g showed 57.2% and 46.6% of cases with malignancy while that of cardiac weight over 600 g-7.4% and 5.7%. In the subgroup of normal right-(2-3 mm) and left-ventricular (10-12 mm) wall thickness corresponding percentage equalled 29.4 and 30.1, in the subgroup of right-ventricular wall thickness over 6 mm--14.4 and 8.8, and in that of left-ventricular wall thickness over 18 mm--12.5 and 9.4. Scanty available information suggests some antimitotic activity of catecholamines believed to condition that of chalones. Catecholamines are also attributed with the stimulation of myocardial hypertrophy. The correlation of our findings with assumptions mentioned above seem to justify a hypothesis, or only a possibility, that compensatory mechanisms active in the cardiovascular diseases create an unfavourable background for the development of neoplasm.

A clinicopathologic study of uterine endometrial stromal tumors (EST) has been performed with special emphasis on histologic and immunohistochemical differential criteria and prognostic factors. The material comprised three stromal nodules (SN), twelve low grade stromal sarcomas (LGESS) and five high grade stromal sarcomas (HGESS). Previously unreported endolymphatic growth was found within one SN. EST showed an association of mitotic index (IM) with atypia, degree of stromal differentiation, additional non-stromal differentiation and venous invasion. IM was the best criterion in the differential diagnosis of LGESS and HGESS and the most significant histologic prognosticator. The present study shows that a histologic grade of stromal sarcoma was a more significant prognostic factor than pTNM stage. The results suggested that clinicopathologic classification of EST could be supplemented by including the following subgroups: a) SN--without intravascular growth, and potentially malignant SN--with endolymphatic growth within the tumor; b) LGESS with IM < 2 and no atypia, and LGESS with 2 > IM < 10 and mild atypia; c) HGESS with 10 > IM < 20 and moderate atypia, and HGESS with IM > 20 and marked atypia. Contrary to common view these observations indicate that the distinction of some SN and LGESS from stromal hyperplasia is possible in an endometrial curretage material.

The authors carried out morphometric analysis of the surface, area, circumference and shape of myofibrillar mitochondria in rats submitted for acute experimental intoxication with ethylene glycol. The measurements were taken at 12 and 24 hours after intoxication and compared with those in the control group. A significant increase in mitochondrial circumference and surface area was seen as early as 12 hours with their shape being more rounded than elongated. At 24 hours of the experiment the parameters further increased. The use of computer image analysis permitted an objective and measurable confirmation of changes in electronograms and revealed the presence of disorders in the phase in which traditional methods were useless.

In this paper the authors described those of the breast fine needle aspirates which were difficult for interpretation e.g. clear-cut differentiation between benign and malignant character of the lesion could not be made. There were 40 such cases (1.96%) out of 2332 breast tumors biopsied between 1987-1989. In the cases that proved to be malignant on histology the authors described cytological features which speak in favour of malignancy. In the group of smears which proved to be benign on histology the authors described the features that imitate atypia and should not be misdiagnosed as malignant. The described criteria may be of some help in cytological diagnosis of breast masses.

The past decade has presented many new methods to histopathology. However, there are important reasons for establishing these methods in every institute for pathology. It is not enough just to exchange old equipment into new systems. It takes a careful judgement what will be the benefits from a new system for the institute, the hospital and the patient. Important factors like institute management, quality assurance, quality control, speed, competitiveness, profitability and environmental safety aspects are high ranking tasks in the modern institute of pathology, next to the specialization in new diagnostic areas like immunohistochemistry, bone-pathology (bone-morphometry/undecalcifield iliac crest biopsy histology), flow cytometry, image analyzing or PCR-techniques etc. The main target of each institute of pathology, weather of private nature or a governmental/state institution, is the establishment of a high quality, safe and reliable diagnosis in the fastest time and for a price based on a standardized, accepted and economical system. Institutions will be more controlled by certain economical departments which have to watch the cost-/profit situation of the hospital and it's individual institutions in comparison to the average country standard and the average European standard. The introduced methods are mostly standard in "Western" institutes. However, it is of utmost importance that the institutes in "Eastern Europe" establish these standards as soon as possible in order to be competitive and to be able to join research-projects with "Western" universities - a necessary source of income.

Buffalo rats with Morris 5123 hepatoma implanted into the muscles of a paw were treated with the preparation TFX produced by Polfa and/or amputation of the paw with the tumour. The results of treatment with TFX followed by amputation were significantly better than those of TFX treatment or amputation alone.