Patologia polska最新文献

In 462 left testes of males, died in the age of 17-91 years (x = 51,9 +/- 16,8 years) the occurrence frequency and the degree of teratospermatogenesis activity was assessed. In the whole material, the phenomenon occurred in 84% of cases. In 47,83% of cases the grade of intensity was low (+), in 22% high ( ), in 14% moderate (++). Alcoholic intoxication occurred to have the heaviest impact on teratospermatogenesis frequency (92,5%); in liver cirrhosis the occurrence frequency was significantly more rare (76%). The age of cadavers and the weight of the gonad did not correlate with teratospermatogenesis occurrence frequency. Postmortem autolysis was not connected with the phenomenon occurrence also. It correlated positively albeit with type II and III seminiferous tubules, i.e. with tubules, where spermatogenesis was stopped on the stage of spermatids and spermatocytes, and negatively with hyalinized tubules, and also with the V% value of tubular membranes.

I report here the molecular, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical similarities between transmissible (scrapie, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome) and non-transmissible (Alzheimer's disease, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis--Dutch (HCHWA-D) and Icelandic (HCHWA-I) types) brain amyloidoses. The central pathogenic event in both types of amyloidoses is a synthesis and a processing of amyloid precursor followed by an accumulation of a final deposit. PrPc and APP are amyloid precursors and PrPsc and beta-A4 are final deposits in transmissible and nontransmissible cerebral amyloidoses of Alzheimer's disease type, respectively. In HCHWA-I, cystatin C serves the role of the amyloid precursor protein. The amyloid plaque composed of a different proportions of amyloid fibers, dystrophic neurites and astrocytes and microglia cells is the crucial neuropathological entity. The role of microglial cell as amyloid producer/processor cell seems to be analogous in both types of amyloidoses. The impairment of slow axoplasmic transport which leads to the accumulation of neurofilament triplet protein in the transmissible and tau protein in the non-transmissible cerebral amyloidoses causes the development of dystrophic neurites and neuropil threads. The other elements of neuropathology like Hirano bodies and granulovacuolar degeneration may be only secondary and non-specific phenomena.

A case of 65 years of old female in which Reed-Sternberg cells were found in brush specimens from bronchial mucosa is reported. Histopathologic specimens from bronchial mucosa and lymph nodes were estimated too. We would like to direct attention to the necessity differential diagnosis Reed-Sternberg cells with adenocarcinoma cells in brush specimens from bronchial mucosa.

The effect of haemorrhage and melatonin on the vasopressin and oxytocin storage in the neurohypophysis of pinealectomized male rats was determined. Sham operated or pinealectomized rats as well as rats pinealectomized and injected with melatonin (100 micrograms/100 g b. w., once daily over 8 days) or with melatonin vehicle (2.2% ethanol in 0.9% NaCl) were subsequently subjected to haemorrhage. Pinealectomy was followed by known decrease of both vasopressin and oxytocin content in the neurohypophysis as compared to sham operated rats. Similarly, haemorrhage decreased the neurohypophysial vasopressin and oxytocin storage in both sham operated and pinealectomized animals. Melatonin, injected to pinealectomized animals, did not modify the diminution of neurohypophysial vasopressin and oxytocin content caused by bleeding. The results demonstrate that in pinealectomized rats melatonin does not affect the rate of the response of vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurones to bleeding.

Porphobilinogen deaminase activity was studied in the erythrocytes of 73 women and 35 men with various malignant proliferative disorders of the lymphatic system and bone marrow, and, for comparison, in the erythrocytes of 34 women and 14 men with non malignant diseases of the haemopoietic system, and in those of 20 healthy women and 20 healthy men. The activity of the enzyme was determined by the Hsiao et al. method, using porphobilinogen as a substrate. Statistical analysis showed a significant decrease of porphobilinogen deaminase activity in the erythrocytes of men with Hodgkin's disease and women with plasmocytoma and with myeloblastic leukemia; an increased activity of the studied enzyme was found only in men with lymphocytic leukemia.

A case of inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen in a 78-years-old woman is presented. The diagnosis was established histologically. This is the ninth case of this rare entity described in the literature. The differential diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumor especially with primary lymphoma of the spleen is discussed.

The present study describes morphometric analysis of nodular changes examined by using fine-needle aspiration biopsy guided ultrasonographically. A group of 49 patients with suspected neoplastic changes of the liver was studied including 4 hepatocellular carcinomas, 21 neoplasms metastasizing to the liver, 23 non-neoplastic changes. The whole material was divided into three major groups: A with neoplastic cells, B with non-neoplastic cells and C with suspected cells. In each case 100 cells were measured, and in each cell the surface area, maximal diameter and coefficient of shape of the cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus were measured. It was found that neoplastic cells have larger nuclei and nucleoli; the ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm was shifted in favour of the nucleus. The largest nucleoli are typical for hepatocellular carcinoma. Most rounded are cells of adenocarcinomas metastasizing to the liver. Morphometric measurements automatically isolate large liver cell dysplasia. The present study provides morphometric parameters of the hepatocytes in the cytological material, which may be the basis for further studies.

Apoptosis is a mode of cell death defined by characteristic morphological, biochemical and molecular changes. It was first described as a "shrinkage necrosis", and then this term was replaced by apoptosis to emphasize its role opposite mitosis in tissue kinetics. During apoptosis the cell decrease in size, loose contact with neighboring cells, and loose specialized surface elements such as microvilli and cell-cell junctions. A shift of fluid out of the cells causes cytoplasm condensation, which is followed by convolution of the nuclear and cellular outlines. In later stages of apoptosis the entire cell becomes fragmented, forming a number of plasma membrane-bounded apoptotic bodies which contain nuclear and or cytoplasmic elements. The ultrastructural appearance of necrosis is quite different, the main features being mitochondrial swelling, plasma membrane breakdown and cellular disintegration. Apoptosis occurs in many physiological and pathological processes. It plays an important role during embryonal development as programmed cell death and accompanies a variety of normal involutional processes in which it serves as a mechanism to remove "unwanted" cells. Apoptosis is associated with prostate atrophy after castration or atrophy of the adrenal cortex and thymus after administration of glucocorticoids. Apoptosis is involved in elimination of CD4 T lymphocytes in the course of HIV infection. The interest in apoptosis in oncology stems from the fact that it occurs in tumors, spontaneously as well as triggered by different antitumor drugs, radiation or after withdraw of growth factors. Spontaneous apoptosis may play a role in evolution of tumor malignancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The composition assumed our experience in creating and using multimedial data base of examination questions and management system, which is used for. This system is implemented on microcomputers compatible with IBM PC and works in network system Net Ware 3.11. The test questions exceeded 2000 until now. The packet consists of the two functionally individual programs: ASSISTANT, which is the administrator for the databases, and EXAMINATOR which is the executive program. This system enables to use text files and add images to each question, which are adjusted to display on standard graphics devices (VGA). Standard format of the notation files enables to elaborate the results in order to estimate the scale of answers and to find correlations between the results.

Primary and metastatic malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the alimentary tract is uncommon, even though it is the most frequently diagnosed malignant soft tissue tumor in adults. In this report, we describe a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the colon.