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Implementation of Neighborhood-Level Wastewater-Based Epidemiology to Measure and Mitigate Inequities in SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Boston, Massachusetts. 在马萨诸塞州波士顿市实施基于邻里一级废水的流行病学研究,以衡量和缓解 SARS-CoV-2 感染的不公平现象。
IF 9.6 1区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307749
Tori L Cowger, Madeline T Sharp, Justin D Hart, Bisola O Ojikutu, Shoba Nair, Kathryn T Hall

Starting October 2022, the Boston Public Health Commission implemented a neighborhood-level wastewater-based epidemiology program to inform strategies to reduce COVID-19 inequities. We collected samples twice weekly at 11 neighborhood sites, covering approximately 18% of Boston, Massachusetts's population. Results from the program's first year revealed inequities unobservable in regional wastewater data both between the City of Boston and the greater Boston area and between Boston neighborhoods. We report program results and neighborhood-specific recommendations and resources to help residents interpret and use our findings. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(11):1217-1221. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307749).

从 2022 年 10 月开始,波士顿公共卫生委员会实施了一项基于社区废水的流行病学计划,旨在为减少 COVID-19 不平等现象的策略提供信息。我们每周两次在 11 个社区地点采集样本,覆盖了马萨诸塞州波士顿市约 18% 的人口。该计划第一年的结果显示,波士顿市与大波士顿地区之间以及波士顿居民区之间都存在区域废水数据无法观察到的不公平现象。我们报告了该计划的结果以及针对特定社区的建议和资源,以帮助居民解释和使用我们的发现。(Am J Public Health.https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307749).
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引用次数: 0
Automated Opt-Out Hepatitis C Testing to Reduce Missed Screening Opportunities in the Emergency Department. 自动选择退出丙型肝炎检测,减少急诊科错过筛查机会。
IF 9.6 1区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307783
Heather Sperring, Glorimar Ruiz-Mercado, Brian J Yun, David Twitchell, Bhavesh Shah, Elissa M Schechter-Perkins

We evaluated the impact of implementing automated hepatitis C (HCV) opt-out screening in the emergency department of an urban, academic medical center with high HCV prevalence, in the context of a longstanding HCV opt-in screening model. We compared nine-month periods before and after implementation. HCV testing increased by 502%, and active HCV infection identification increased by 212%. Settings where there is great opportunity for HCV diagnosis, such as emergency department settings, should consider opt-out HCV screening models. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(11):1228-1231. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307783).

我们评估了在一个丙型肝炎(HCV)高发的城市学术医疗中心急诊科实施自动丙型肝炎(HCV)选择退出筛查的影响,而该急诊科长期以来采用的是丙型肝炎(HCV)选择加入筛查模式。我们对实施前后九个月的情况进行了比较。HCV检测率提高了502%,活动性HCV感染识别率提高了212%。在急诊科等有大量机会进行 HCV 诊断的场所,应考虑选择退出 HCV 筛查模式。(Am J Public Health.https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307783 )。
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引用次数: 0
Community Organizations, Local Health Equity Action Teams, and a Learning Collaborative to Address COVID-19 Disparities in Urban and Rural Communities. 社区组织、地方健康公平行动小组和学习合作组织,以解决城市和农村社区的 COVID-19 差异问题。
IF 9.6 1区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307771
Edward F Ellerbeck, Vicki L Collie-Akers, Elizabeth Ablah, Sarah Landry, Allison Honn, Sara Obermeier, Mariana Ramirez, Yvonnes Chen, Ian R Knight, Crystal Y Lumpkins, Mary Ricketts, Tony Carter, Ullyses Wright, Christal Watson, Daniel L Kurz, Stacy McCrea-Robertson, Sarah Finocchario-Kessler, Joseph LeMaster, Erin Corriveau, Broderick Crawford, Jianghua He, K Allen Greiner

Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-Underserved Populations (RADx-UP) Kansas worked with 10 Kansas counties from November 2020 through June 2022 to form local health equity action teams (LHEATs), develop COVID-19 testing strategies, foster communication about COVID-19, and share best practices through a learning collaborative. Participating counties documented 693 distinct COVID-19 testing and 178 communication activities. Although the intervention was not associated with changes in the proportion of positive COVID-19 tests, LHEATs in the learning collaborative implemented new testing strategies and responded to emerging COVID-19 challenges. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(11):1202-1206. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307771).

从 2020 年 11 月到 2022 年 6 月,堪萨斯州快速加速诊断-未得到服务的人群(RADx-UP)与堪萨斯州的 10 个县合作,组建地方健康公平行动小组(LHEATs),制定 COVID-19 检测策略,促进 COVID-19 的传播,并通过学习合作分享最佳实践。参与县记录了 693 次不同的 COVID-19 检测和 178 次交流活动。虽然干预措施与 COVID-19 阳性检测比例的变化无关,但学习合作中的 LHEAT 实施了新的检测策略,并应对了新出现的 COVID-19 挑战。(Am J Public Health.https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307771 )。
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引用次数: 0
Addressing Data Deficiencies to Prevent Pediatric Firearm Injuries: Insights From the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Firearm Study. 解决数据缺陷,预防儿童枪支伤害:美国外科学院(ACS)枪支研究的启示。
IF 9.6 1区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307836
Daniel C Semenza
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引用次数: 0
Association of Local Cannabis Policy and Retail Availability With Cannabis Use and Problematic Cannabis Use Among Adolescents in Northern California. 北加州青少年使用大麻和有问题使用大麻与当地大麻政策和零售量的关系。
IF 12.7 1区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2024.307787
Kelly C Young-Wolff,Alex Asera,Alisa A Padon,Natalie E Slama,Stacey E Alexeeff,Rosalie L Pacula,Cynthia I Campbell,Stacy A Sterling,Derek D Satre,Yun Lu,Wendy T Dyer,Monique B Does,Lynn D Silver
Objectives. To examine whether local cannabis policies and retail availability are associated with cannabis use and problematic cannabis use (PCU) among adolescents in Northern California. Methods. The sample comprised adolescents aged 13 to 17 years screened for past-year cannabis use during well-child visits in 2021. Exposures included local bans on cannabis storefront retailers, policy protectiveness, and retail proximity and density. Outcomes included self-reported past-year cannabis use and PCU diagnoses. Modified Poisson regression models adjusted for sociodemographics. Results. The sample (n = 103 134) was 51.1% male with a median age of 15 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 14-16 years); 5.5% self-reported cannabis use, and 0.3% had diagnosed PCU. Adolescents had a lower prevalence of cannabis use in jurisdictions that banned storefront retailers (adjusted prevalence rate [APR] = 0.857; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.814, 0.903 vs allowed), banned delivery (APR = 0.751; 95% CI = 0.710, 0.795 vs allowed), or had more policy protections (APR range = 0.705-0.800). Lower PCU prevalence was also found among those in jurisdictions that banned (vs allowed) storefront retailers (APR = 0.786; 95% CI = 0.629, 0.983) or delivery (APR = 0.783; 95% CI = 0.616, 0.996). Longer drive time and lower density of storefront retailers were associated with a lower cannabis use prevalence. Conclusions. More protective cannabis policies and less retail availability were associated with a lower prevalence of adolescent cannabis use and PCU. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S8):S654-S663. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307787).
目的。研究北加州青少年中当地大麻政策和零售量是否与大麻使用和问题大麻使用 (PCU) 相关。方法。样本包括在 2021 年儿童健康检查中筛查出过去一年使用大麻情况的 13 至 17 岁青少年。暴露因素包括当地对大麻店面零售商的禁令、政策保护力度以及零售店的距离和密度。结果包括自我报告的上一年大麻使用情况和 PCU 诊断。修正的泊松回归模型对社会人口统计学进行了调整。结果。样本(n = 103 134)中 51.1%为男性,中位年龄为 15 岁(四分位距 [IQR] = 14-16 岁);5.5% 自我报告吸食大麻,0.3% 已确诊 PCU。在禁止店面零售商(调整流行率 [APR] = 0.857; 95% 置信区间 [CI] = 0.814, 0.903 vs 允许)、禁止递送(调整流行率 [APR] = 0.751; 95% 置信区间 [CI] = 0.710, 0.795 vs 允许)或有更多政策保护(调整流行率 [APR] 范围 = 0.705-0.800)的辖区,青少年使用大麻的流行率较低。在禁止(与允许)店面零售商(APR = 0.786; 95% CI = 0.629, 0.983)或送货(APR = 0.783; 95% CI = 0.616, 0.996)的辖区,PCU 流行率也较低。较长的驾车时间和较低的店面零售商密度与较低的大麻使用流行率有关。结论。保护性更强的大麻政策和较少的零售供应与青少年使用大麻和 PCU 的流行率较低有关。(Am J Public Health.2024;114(S8):S654-S663. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307787).
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引用次数: 0
Data Quality in State Registry Reports of Medical Cannabis Patients in the United States. 美国各州医用大麻患者登记报告的数据质量。
IF 12.7 1区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2024.307728
Kevin F Boehnke,Rachel Sinclair,Felicia Gordon,Douglas R Roehler,Tristin Smith,Brooke Hoots
Objectives. To investigate characteristics of data reported in US medical cannabis registries across states. Methods. Data included 2021 medical cannabis registry reports from 34 states, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia (hereafter, states) with active medical cannabis programs. The data from the reports were manually coded into domains and subcategories, including information related to patients (e.g., number, demographics), authorizing clinicians, sales (e.g., content, revenue), license tracking, and health and safety outcomes. Results. Among 36 states, 97% reported total patient number and 75% reported number of authorizing clinicians. Least reported subcategories included patient race/ethnicity (8%), adverse events (11%), therapeutic benefits (6%), and product recalls (6%). States that recently legalized medical cannabis (2013-2018) reported a higher number of subcategories overall, with a median of 11 versus 8 for early adopting states (1996-2012). More medical-use states reported data on authorizing clinicians compared with nonmedical adult-use states but were otherwise similar. Conclusions. Medical cannabis state registries generally reported data on consumers, clinicians, and sales rather than health and safety outcomes. More comprehensive and uniform medical cannabis public health surveillance is needed. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S8):S685-S693. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307728).
目的。调查美国各州医用大麻登记处报告数据的特征。方法。数据包括来自 34 个州、波多黎各和哥伦比亚特区(以下简称 "各州")的 2021 份医用大麻登记报告,这些州都有活跃的医用大麻计划。报告中的数据经人工编码后分为领域和子类,包括与患者(如人数、人口统计学特征)、授权临床医生、销售(如内容、收入)、许可证跟踪以及健康和安全结果相关的信息。结果。在 36 个州中,97% 的州报告了患者总人数,75% 的州报告了授权临床医生人数。报告最少的子类别包括患者种族/族裔(8%)、不良事件(11%)、治疗效果(6%)和产品召回(6%)。最近(2013-2018 年)实现医用大麻合法化的州报告的子类别数量总体较多,中位数为 11 个,而早期采用医用大麻的州(1996-2012 年)报告的子类别数量为 8 个。与非医用大麻州相比,医用大麻州报告的授权临床医生数据更多,但其他方面类似。结论。医用大麻州登记处一般报告的是消费者、临床医生和销售数据,而不是健康和安全结果。需要对医用大麻进行更全面、更统一的公共卫生监测。(Am J Public Health.2024;114(S8):S685-S693. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307728).
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引用次数: 0
Reach and Engagement With Population Health Management Interventions to Address COVID-19 Among Safety-Net Health Care Systems. 人口健康管理干预措施在安全网医疗保健系统中的覆盖面和参与度,以应对 COVID-19。
IF 9.6 1区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307770
Chelsey R Schlechter, Tatyana V Kuzmenko, Brian Orleans, Jennifer Wirth, Kimberly A Kaphingst, Bryan Gibson, Kensaku Kawamoto, Tracey Siaperas, Alan Pruhs, Courtney Pariera Dinkins, Tom Greene, Yue Zhang, Jonathan J Chipman, Michael Friedrichs, Cho Y Lam, Joni H Pierce, Emerson P Borsato, Ryan C Cornia, Leticia Stevens, Anna Martinez, Richard L Bradshaw, Rachel Hess, Guilherme Del Fiol, David W Wetter

Interventions designed to address COVID-19 needed to be rapidly scaled up to the population level, and to address health equity by reaching historically marginalized populations most affected by the pandemic (e.g., racial/ethnic minorities and rural and low socioeconomic status populations). From February 2021 to June 2022, SCALE-UP Utah used text messaging interventions to reach 107 846 patients from 28 clinics within seven safety-net health care systems. Interventions provided informational and motivational messaging regarding COVID-19 testing and vaccination, and were developed using extensive community partner input. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(11):1207-1211. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307770).

为应对 COVID-19 而设计的干预措施需要迅速扩大到人口层面,并通过覆盖受大流行病影响最严重的历史边缘人群(如种族/少数民族、农村人口和社会经济地位低下的人口)来实现健康公平。从 2021 年 2 月到 2022 年 6 月,犹他州 SCALE-UP 使用短信干预措施,覆盖了 7 个安全网医疗保健系统内 28 个诊所的 107 846 名患者。干预措施提供了有关 COVID-19 检测和疫苗接种的信息和激励信息,并在社区合作伙伴的广泛参与下制定。(Am J Public Health.2024;114(11):1207-1211. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307770).
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引用次数: 0
HIV Prevention in Foster Care Youths: Time for a Refocus. 寄养青少年的艾滋病毒预防:是重新聚焦的时候了。
IF 9.6 1区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307793
Casey W Adrian, Stacey L Shipe, Kate Guastaferro
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引用次数: 0
Current Cannabis Use in the United States: Implications for Public Health Research. 美国当前的大麻使用情况:对公共卫生研究的影响》。
IF 12.7 1区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2024.307823
Grant T Baldwin,Alana Vivolo-Kantor,Brooke Hoots,Douglas R Roehler,Jean Y Ko
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引用次数: 0
Improving Cannabis Policy Research at a Pivotal Time for Policy Development. 在政策制定的关键时刻改进大麻政策研究。
IF 12.7 1区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2024.307799
Gillian L Schauer
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引用次数: 0
期刊
American journal of public health
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