Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307783
Heather Sperring, Glorimar Ruiz-Mercado, Brian J Yun, David Twitchell, Bhavesh Shah, Elissa M Schechter-Perkins
We evaluated the impact of implementing automated hepatitis C (HCV) opt-out screening in the emergency department of an urban, academic medical center with high HCV prevalence, in the context of a longstanding HCV opt-in screening model. We compared nine-month periods before and after implementation. HCV testing increased by 502%, and active HCV infection identification increased by 212%. Settings where there is great opportunity for HCV diagnosis, such as emergency department settings, should consider opt-out HCV screening models. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print August 29, 2024:e1-e4. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307783).
我们评估了在一个丙型肝炎(HCV)高发的城市学术医疗中心急诊科实施自动丙型肝炎(HCV)选择退出筛查的影响,而该急诊科长期以来采用的是丙型肝炎(HCV)选择加入筛查模式。我们对实施前后九个月的情况进行了比较。HCV检测率提高了502%,活动性HCV感染识别率提高了212%。在急诊科等有大量机会进行 HCV 诊断的场所,应考虑选择退出 HCV 筛查模式。(Am J Public Health.https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307783 )。
{"title":"Automated Opt-Out Hepatitis C Testing to Reduce Missed Screening Opportunities in the Emergency Department.","authors":"Heather Sperring, Glorimar Ruiz-Mercado, Brian J Yun, David Twitchell, Bhavesh Shah, Elissa M Schechter-Perkins","doi":"10.2105/AJPH.2024.307783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated the impact of implementing automated hepatitis C (HCV) opt-out screening in the emergency department of an urban, academic medical center with high HCV prevalence, in the context of a longstanding HCV opt-in screening model. We compared nine-month periods before and after implementation. HCV testing increased by 502%, and active HCV infection identification increased by 212%. Settings where there is great opportunity for HCV diagnosis, such as emergency department settings, should consider opt-out HCV screening models. (<i>Am J Public Health</i>. Published online ahead of print August 29, 2024:e1-e4. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307783).</p>","PeriodicalId":7647,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307832
Jewel M Mullen, Nicole Alexander-Scott
{"title":"Investing in Public Health and Community Partnerships Reduced COVID-19-Related Disparities.","authors":"Jewel M Mullen, Nicole Alexander-Scott","doi":"10.2105/AJPH.2024.307832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307832","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7647,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307714
Bryna Koch, Mona Arora, Brianna Rooney, Alicia Thompson, Blake Scott, Diana Gomez, Miriam Galindo, Kathy Ward, Patrick Wightman, Dan Derksen
{"title":"Promoting Equitable Access to COVID-19 Vaccinations in Rural and Underserved Arizona: Experiences From Three County Health Departments.","authors":"Bryna Koch, Mona Arora, Brianna Rooney, Alicia Thompson, Blake Scott, Diana Gomez, Miriam Galindo, Kathy Ward, Patrick Wightman, Dan Derksen","doi":"10.2105/AJPH.2024.307714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307714","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7647,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307720
Leslie A Dauphin, Leandris Liburd
{"title":"The CDC's Initiative to Address COVID-19 Health Disparities Among High-Risk and Underserved Populations.","authors":"Leslie A Dauphin, Leandris Liburd","doi":"10.2105/AJPH.2024.307720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307720","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7647,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307741
Taylor M Fortnam, Laura C Chambers, Alyssa Bilinski, Roberta DeVito, Lisa Gargano, Michelle Wilson, Joseph W Hogan
Objectives. To determine whether geographic prioritization of limited COVID-19 vaccine supply was effective for reducing geographic disparities in case rates. Methods. Rhode Island allocated a portion of the initial COVID-19 vaccine supply to residents of Central Falls, a community already affected by structural policies and inadequate systems that perpetuate health inequities and experiencing disproportionately high COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The policy was implemented with a culturally and linguistically appropriate community engagement plan and was intended to reduce observed disparities. Using a Bayesian causal analysis with population surveillance data, we evaluated the impact of this prioritization policy on recorded cases over the subsequent 16 weeks. Results. Early geographic prioritization of Central Falls accelerated vaccine uptake, averting an estimated 520 cases (95% confidence interval = 22, 1418) over 16 weeks and reducing cases by approximately 34% during this period (520 averted vs 1519 expected without early prioritization). Conclusions. Early geographic prioritization increased vaccine uptake and reduced cases in Central Falls, thereby reducing geographic disparities. Public Health Implications. Public health institutions should consider geographic prioritization of limited vaccine supply to reduce geographic disparities in case rates. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print August 28, 2024:e1-e10. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307741).
{"title":"Evaluation of Rhode Island's Early Geographic COVID-19 Vaccine Prioritization Policy.","authors":"Taylor M Fortnam, Laura C Chambers, Alyssa Bilinski, Roberta DeVito, Lisa Gargano, Michelle Wilson, Joseph W Hogan","doi":"10.2105/AJPH.2024.307741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives.</b> To determine whether geographic prioritization of limited COVID-19 vaccine supply was effective for reducing geographic disparities in case rates. <b>Methods.</b> Rhode Island allocated a portion of the initial COVID-19 vaccine supply to residents of Central Falls, a community already affected by structural policies and inadequate systems that perpetuate health inequities and experiencing disproportionately high COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The policy was implemented with a culturally and linguistically appropriate community engagement plan and was intended to reduce observed disparities. Using a Bayesian causal analysis with population surveillance data, we evaluated the impact of this prioritization policy on recorded cases over the subsequent 16 weeks. <b>Results.</b> Early geographic prioritization of Central Falls accelerated vaccine uptake, averting an estimated 520 cases (95% confidence interval = 22, 1418) over 16 weeks and reducing cases by approximately 34% during this period (520 averted vs 1519 expected without early prioritization). <b>Conclusions.</b> Early geographic prioritization increased vaccine uptake and reduced cases in Central Falls, thereby reducing geographic disparities. <b>Public Health Implications.</b> Public health institutions should consider geographic prioritization of limited vaccine supply to reduce geographic disparities in case rates. (<i>Am J Public Health</i>. Published online ahead of print August 28, 2024:e1-e10. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307741).</p>","PeriodicalId":7647,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307802
Sarah Finocchario-Kessler, Christina Pacheco, Emily Morrow, Kristina Bridges, Elizabeth Ablah, Vicki Collie-Akers, K Allen Greiner, Kara Knapp, Allison Honn, Jody Love, Nadine Long, Clarissa Carrillo, Tatiana Darby, Antonio Miras Neira, Angela Scott, Mariana Ramírez, Yvonnes Chen, Daniel J Parente, Joseph W LeMaster, Erin Corriveau, Jennifer Woodward, Sharon Fitzgerald Wolff, Mary Ricketts, Edward F Ellerbeck
The Communities Organizing to Promote Equity (COPE) Project was implemented in 20 counties across Kansas to build capacity to address health equity by forming local health equity action teams (LHEATS), hiring and training community health workers, facilitating state-wide learning collaboratives, and tailoring communication strategies. We conducted interviews and focus groups with project stakeholders who identified pragmatic recommendations related to LHEAT formation and leadership, establishing trust, nurturing autonomy, and optimizing impact. Insights can improve future community-based health equity efforts. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print August 28, 2024:e1-e5. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307802).
社区组织起来促进公平(COPE)项目在堪萨斯州的 20 个县实施,通过组建地方健康公平行动小组(LHEATS)、聘用和培训社区健康工作者、促进全州范围内的学习合作以及调整沟通策略来提高解决健康公平问题的能力。我们对项目利益相关者进行了访谈和焦点小组讨论,他们提出了与地方健康公平行动小组的组建和领导、建立信任、培养自主性和优化影响相关的务实建议。这些见解可以改善未来基于社区的健康公平工作。(Am J Public Health.https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307802 )。
{"title":"Local Health Equity Action Teams (LHEATS) as a Novel and Emerging Practice of the Communities Organizing to Promote Equity (COPE) Project in Kansas.","authors":"Sarah Finocchario-Kessler, Christina Pacheco, Emily Morrow, Kristina Bridges, Elizabeth Ablah, Vicki Collie-Akers, K Allen Greiner, Kara Knapp, Allison Honn, Jody Love, Nadine Long, Clarissa Carrillo, Tatiana Darby, Antonio Miras Neira, Angela Scott, Mariana Ramírez, Yvonnes Chen, Daniel J Parente, Joseph W LeMaster, Erin Corriveau, Jennifer Woodward, Sharon Fitzgerald Wolff, Mary Ricketts, Edward F Ellerbeck","doi":"10.2105/AJPH.2024.307802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Communities Organizing to Promote Equity (COPE) Project was implemented in 20 counties across Kansas to build capacity to address health equity by forming local health equity action teams (LHEATS), hiring and training community health workers, facilitating state-wide learning collaboratives, and tailoring communication strategies. We conducted interviews and focus groups with project stakeholders who identified pragmatic recommendations related to LHEAT formation and leadership, establishing trust, nurturing autonomy, and optimizing impact. Insights can improve future community-based health equity efforts. (<i>Am J Public Health</i>. Published online ahead of print August 28, 2024:e1-e5. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307802).</p>","PeriodicalId":7647,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307800
Lauren F Cardoso, Ta-Wei Lin, Justine Egan, Caroline Stack, Sabrina Selk, Elizabeth Beatriz, Ben Wood, Glory Song, Kathleen Fitzsimmons, Emily Sparer-Fine, Abigail Atkins, W W Sanouri Ursprung
Objectives. To describe how an innovative, community-engaged survey illuminated previously unmeasured pandemic inequities and informed health equity investments. Methods. The methodological approach of Massachusetts' COVID-19 Community Impact Survey, a cross-sectional online survey, was driven by key health equity principles: prioritizing community engagement, gathering granular and intersectional data, capturing root causes, elevating community voices, expediting analysis for timeliness, and creating data-to-action pathways. Data collection was deployed statewide in 11 languages from 2020 to 2021. Results. The embedded equity principles resulted in a rich data set and enabled analyses of populations previously undescribed. The final sample included 33 800 respondents including unprecedented numbers of populations underrepresented in traditional data sources. Analyses indicated that pandemic impacts related to basic needs, discrimination, health care access, workplace protections, employment, and mental health disproportionately affected these priority populations, which included Asian American/Pacific Islanders and parents. Conclusions. Equity-centered data approaches allow for analyses of populations previously invisible in surveillance data, enable more equitable public health action, and are both possible and necessary to deploy in state health departments. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print August 28, 2024:e1-e11. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307800).
{"title":"Community-Engaged Survey Approach to Pandemic Impacts on Marginalized Communities, Massachusetts, 2020-2021.","authors":"Lauren F Cardoso, Ta-Wei Lin, Justine Egan, Caroline Stack, Sabrina Selk, Elizabeth Beatriz, Ben Wood, Glory Song, Kathleen Fitzsimmons, Emily Sparer-Fine, Abigail Atkins, W W Sanouri Ursprung","doi":"10.2105/AJPH.2024.307800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives.</b> To describe how an innovative, community-engaged survey illuminated previously unmeasured pandemic inequities and informed health equity investments. <b>Methods.</b> The methodological approach of Massachusetts' COVID-19 Community Impact Survey, a cross-sectional online survey, was driven by key health equity principles: prioritizing community engagement, gathering granular and intersectional data, capturing root causes, elevating community voices, expediting analysis for timeliness, and creating data-to-action pathways. Data collection was deployed statewide in 11 languages from 2020 to 2021. <b>Results.</b> The embedded equity principles resulted in a rich data set and enabled analyses of populations previously undescribed. The final sample included 33 800 respondents including unprecedented numbers of populations underrepresented in traditional data sources. Analyses indicated that pandemic impacts related to basic needs, discrimination, health care access, workplace protections, employment, and mental health disproportionately affected these priority populations, which included Asian American/Pacific Islanders and parents. <b>Conclusions.</b> Equity-centered data approaches allow for analyses of populations previously invisible in surveillance data, enable more equitable public health action, and are both possible and necessary to deploy in state health departments. (<i>Am J Public Health</i>. Published online ahead of print August 28, 2024:e1-e11. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307800).</p>","PeriodicalId":7647,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the pivotal role of COVID-19 testing in mitigating disease spread, particularly in underserved rural communities facing health care access challenges. The Southern Nevada Health District successfully implemented a vending program in Clark County, offering free COVID-19 antigen test kits. Strategically located based on health equity indices and featuring a user-friendly, multilingual registration process, these machines proved effective in reaching rural populations. The cost-effective model suggests potential adoption for broader public health interventions and services in other regions. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print August 28, 2024:e1-e4. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307718).
本研究探讨了 COVID-19 检测在减少疾病传播方面的关键作用,尤其是在医疗服务不足的农村社区。南内华达州卫生区在克拉克县成功实施了一项自动售货机计划,免费提供 COVID-19 抗原检测试剂盒。这些机器根据健康公平指数进行了战略选址,并采用了方便用户的多语种注册流程,在覆盖农村人口方面证明行之有效。这种具有成本效益的模式表明,其他地区有可能采用这种模式来提供更广泛的公共卫生干预和服务。(Am J Public Health.https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307718 )。
{"title":"Equitable COVID-19 Testing Access for Underserved Communities: The Success of Vending Machines.","authors":"Danielle Jamerson, Kimberly Franich, Cassius Lockett","doi":"10.2105/AJPH.2024.307718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the pivotal role of COVID-19 testing in mitigating disease spread, particularly in underserved rural communities facing health care access challenges. The Southern Nevada Health District successfully implemented a vending program in Clark County, offering free COVID-19 antigen test kits. Strategically located based on health equity indices and featuring a user-friendly, multilingual registration process, these machines proved effective in reaching rural populations. The cost-effective model suggests potential adoption for broader public health interventions and services in other regions. (<i>Am J Public Health</i>. Published online ahead of print August 28, 2024:e1-e4. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307718).</p>","PeriodicalId":7647,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2021, the Maricopa County Department of Public Health in Maricopa County, Arizona, modified its subcontracting process to engage more community-based organizations that serve populations disproportionately affected by COVID-19. The change allowed subrecipients to receive 40% of grant funding up front. An evaluation found that providing up-front funding engaged smaller-budget organizations. However, factors such as administrative requirements and formal policies associated with government partnerships limited the perceived benefits of up-front funding. These findings are relevant for entities seeking to improve access to federal funding. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print August 28, 2024:e1-e4. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307740).
2021 年,亚利桑那州马里科帕县的马里科帕县公共卫生局修改了其分包流程,让更多的社区组织参与进来,为受到 COVID-19 严重影响的人群提供服务。这一修改允许次级接受者提前获得 40% 的赠款。一项评估发现,提供预付资金可以吸引预算较少的组织参与。然而,与政府伙伴关系相关的行政要求和正式政策等因素限制了预付资金的效益。这些发现与寻求改善获得联邦资金的实体有关。(Am J Public Health.https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307740 )。
{"title":"Evaluating County Health Department Infrastructure Changes Intended to Improve Access to Federal Funding for Community-Based Organizations, Maricopa County, Arizona.","authors":"Emily Peterson Johnson, Jessica Cargill, Erin Appelt, Alexis Arlak, Rachelle Johnsson Chiang","doi":"10.2105/AJPH.2024.307740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2021, the Maricopa County Department of Public Health in Maricopa County, Arizona, modified its subcontracting process to engage more community-based organizations that serve populations disproportionately affected by COVID-19. The change allowed subrecipients to receive 40% of grant funding up front. An evaluation found that providing up-front funding engaged smaller-budget organizations. However, factors such as administrative requirements and formal policies associated with government partnerships limited the perceived benefits of up-front funding. These findings are relevant for entities seeking to improve access to federal funding. (<i>Am J Public Health</i>. Published online ahead of print August 28, 2024:e1-e4. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307740).</p>","PeriodicalId":7647,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307801
Lauren Tietje, Isaac Ghinai, Antea Cooper, Elizabeth L Tung, Brian Borah, Michelle Funk, Divya Ramachandran, Ben Gerber, Bernice Man, Rebecca Singer, Elizabeth Bell, Angela Moss, Andrew Weidemiller, Mehreen Chaudhry, Frances Lendacki, Rachel Bernard, Stephanie Gretsch, Kayla English, Thomas D Huggett, Mary Tornabene, Caroline Cool, Wayne M Detmer, Mary Kate Schroeter, Stockton Mayer, Elizabeth Davis, Josh Boegner, Erik Elias Glenn, Gregory Phillips, Suzanne Falck, Lindsay Barranco, Karrie-Ann Toews
Objectives. To compare the incidence, case-hospitalization rates, and vaccination rates of COVID-19 between people experiencing sheltered homelessness (PESH) and the broader community in Chicago, Illinois, and describe the impact of a whole community approach to disease mitigation during the public health emergency. Methods. Incidence of COVID-19 among PESH was compared with community-wide incidence using case-based surveillance data from March 1, 2020, to May 11, 2023. Seven-day rolling means of COVID-19 incidence were assessed for the overall study period and for each of 6 distinct waves of COVID-19 transmission. Results. A total of 774 009 cases of COVID-19 were detected: 2579 among PESH and 771 430 in the broader community. Incidence and hospitalization rates per 100 000 in PESH were more than 5 times higher (99.84 vs 13.94 and 16.88 vs 2.14) than the community at large in wave 1 (March 1, 2020-October 3, 2020). This difference decreased through wave 3 (March 7, 2021-June 26, 2021), with PESH having a lower incidence rate per 100 000 than the wider community (8.02 vs 13.03). Incidence and hospitalization of PESH rose again to rates higher than the broader community in waves 4 through 6 but never returned to wave 1 levels. Throughout the study period, COVID-19 incidence among PESH was 2.88 times higher than that of the community (70.90 vs 24.65), and hospitalization was 4.56 times higher among PESH (7.51 vs 1.65). Conclusions. Our findings suggest that whole-community approaches can minimize disparities in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission between vulnerable populations and the broader community, and reinforce the benefits of a shared approach that include multiple partners when addressing public health emergencies in special populations. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print August 28, 2024:e1-e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307801).
{"title":"Interventions to Mitigate the Impact of COVID-19 Among People Experiencing Sheltered Homelessness: Chicago, Illinois, March 1, 2020-May 11, 2023.","authors":"Lauren Tietje, Isaac Ghinai, Antea Cooper, Elizabeth L Tung, Brian Borah, Michelle Funk, Divya Ramachandran, Ben Gerber, Bernice Man, Rebecca Singer, Elizabeth Bell, Angela Moss, Andrew Weidemiller, Mehreen Chaudhry, Frances Lendacki, Rachel Bernard, Stephanie Gretsch, Kayla English, Thomas D Huggett, Mary Tornabene, Caroline Cool, Wayne M Detmer, Mary Kate Schroeter, Stockton Mayer, Elizabeth Davis, Josh Boegner, Erik Elias Glenn, Gregory Phillips, Suzanne Falck, Lindsay Barranco, Karrie-Ann Toews","doi":"10.2105/AJPH.2024.307801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives.</b> To compare the incidence, case-hospitalization rates, and vaccination rates of COVID-19 between people experiencing sheltered homelessness (PESH) and the broader community in Chicago, Illinois, and describe the impact of a whole community approach to disease mitigation during the public health emergency. <b>Methods.</b> Incidence of COVID-19 among PESH was compared with community-wide incidence using case-based surveillance data from March 1, 2020, to May 11, 2023. Seven-day rolling means of COVID-19 incidence were assessed for the overall study period and for each of 6 distinct waves of COVID-19 transmission. <b>Results.</b> A total of 774 009 cases of COVID-19 were detected: 2579 among PESH and 771 430 in the broader community. Incidence and hospitalization rates per 100 000 in PESH were more than 5 times higher (99.84 vs 13.94 and 16.88 vs 2.14) than the community at large in wave 1 (March 1, 2020-October 3, 2020). This difference decreased through wave 3 (March 7, 2021-June 26, 2021), with PESH having a lower incidence rate per 100 000 than the wider community (8.02 vs 13.03). Incidence and hospitalization of PESH rose again to rates higher than the broader community in waves 4 through 6 but never returned to wave 1 levels. Throughout the study period, COVID-19 incidence among PESH was 2.88 times higher than that of the community (70.90 vs 24.65), and hospitalization was 4.56 times higher among PESH (7.51 vs 1.65). <b>Conclusions.</b> Our findings suggest that whole-community approaches can minimize disparities in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission between vulnerable populations and the broader community, and reinforce the benefits of a shared approach that include multiple partners when addressing public health emergencies in special populations. (<i>Am J Public Health</i>. Published online ahead of print August 28, 2024:e1-e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307801).</p>","PeriodicalId":7647,"journal":{"name":"American journal of public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}