Pub Date : 1981-08-01DOI: 10.1177/146642408110100404
D A Robinson
{"title":"Campylobacter infection.","authors":"D A Robinson","doi":"10.1177/146642408110100404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408110100404","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76506,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society of Health journal","volume":"101 4","pages":"138-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642408110100404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18282944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-08-01DOI: 10.1177/146642408110100402
G J Roberts, S J Lindsay
ways. The first is how he or she feels, very or only moderately frightened, this can be reported by the patient. The second is apparent in what the patient does, he or she comes for treatment or misses the appointment; accepts treatment with interruptions or without hindrance. The third way lies in physiological activity especially of the autonomic nervous system; perspiring, trembling, overbreathing, etc. All three manifestations of anxiety can be reliably observed and quantified in research investigations (Martin and Venables, 1980; Lindsay, 1977; Lindsay and Roberts, 1980). The three systems need not always covary. The patient who feels terrified of dentists avoids treatment until it becomes impossible to continue doing so. The clinician can reliably perceive how frightened his patients feel (Lindsay, 1977), probably basing his judgement on an Ad hoc mixture of the patient’s behaviour and physiological signs. -
{"title":"Management of the nervous dental patient.","authors":"G J Roberts, S J Lindsay","doi":"10.1177/146642408110100402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408110100402","url":null,"abstract":"ways. The first is how he or she feels, very or only moderately frightened, this can be reported by the patient. The second is apparent in what the patient does, he or she comes for treatment or misses the appointment; accepts treatment with interruptions or without hindrance. The third way lies in physiological activity especially of the autonomic nervous system; perspiring, trembling, overbreathing, etc. All three manifestations of anxiety can be reliably observed and quantified in research investigations (Martin and Venables, 1980; Lindsay, 1977; Lindsay and Roberts, 1980). The three systems need not always covary. The patient who feels terrified of dentists avoids treatment until it becomes impossible to continue doing so. The clinician can reliably perceive how frightened his patients feel (Lindsay, 1977), probably basing his judgement on an Ad hoc mixture of the patient’s behaviour and physiological signs. -","PeriodicalId":76506,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society of Health journal","volume":"101 4","pages":"132-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642408110100402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18282942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-08-01DOI: 10.1177/146642408110100403
B C Hughes
were pre-fabricated, and equipment was built into the walls. Panels were fitted together using a gasket to seal the joints. Veller, a manufacturer of medical engineering products, marketed the system complete with its own equipment. The obvious disadvantage was that doctors and surgeons often preferred their own choices of instruments, so the market was limited and confined mainly to France. Sales were aimed at upgrading old operating rooms. In the late 1950s, Mr. Denis Melrose, of London’s Hammersmith Hospital, designed a pre-fabricated operating room in co-operation with a small engineering company called New Electronic Products. (The company was later acquired by Honeywell Controls.) Mr. Melrose’s design was based on an igloo shape, but, due to manufacturing problems and cost, an octagonal shape was finally produced. Being a surgeon, Mr. Melrose was well aware of the urgent need to upgrade operating rooms because of the high incidence of cross infection being experienced in traditional theatres in the United Kingdom and overseas, and his design’s success was immediate: the first Honeywell Modular Theatre was installed in Hammersmith Hospital in the early 1960s. Between then and 1968, sixty-five Modular Operating Theatres were sold and a new concept established in operating-room design. Construction was based on a light frame, with 800 mm-wide modular panels of laminated construction, with a melamine suface and polystyrene core on a wood frame, forming the walls and ceiling. Jointing was carried out using a gasket system. Equipment was mounted in the walls, giving surgeons a greater working area, and access was from the rear ideal for servic-
{"title":"The use of modular operating theatres for modern surgery.","authors":"B C Hughes","doi":"10.1177/146642408110100403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408110100403","url":null,"abstract":"were pre-fabricated, and equipment was built into the walls. Panels were fitted together using a gasket to seal the joints. Veller, a manufacturer of medical engineering products, marketed the system complete with its own equipment. The obvious disadvantage was that doctors and surgeons often preferred their own choices of instruments, so the market was limited and confined mainly to France. Sales were aimed at upgrading old operating rooms. In the late 1950s, Mr. Denis Melrose, of London’s Hammersmith Hospital, designed a pre-fabricated operating room in co-operation with a small engineering company called New Electronic Products. (The company was later acquired by Honeywell Controls.) Mr. Melrose’s design was based on an igloo shape, but, due to manufacturing problems and cost, an octagonal shape was finally produced. Being a surgeon, Mr. Melrose was well aware of the urgent need to upgrade operating rooms because of the high incidence of cross infection being experienced in traditional theatres in the United Kingdom and overseas, and his design’s success was immediate: the first Honeywell Modular Theatre was installed in Hammersmith Hospital in the early 1960s. Between then and 1968, sixty-five Modular Operating Theatres were sold and a new concept established in operating-room design. Construction was based on a light frame, with 800 mm-wide modular panels of laminated construction, with a melamine suface and polystyrene core on a wood frame, forming the walls and ceiling. Jointing was carried out using a gasket system. Equipment was mounted in the walls, giving surgeons a greater working area, and access was from the rear ideal for servic-","PeriodicalId":76506,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society of Health journal","volume":"101 4","pages":"136-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642408110100403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18282943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-08-01DOI: 10.1177/146642408110100406
M S Gatley
TRESS IS easy enough to recognise but very difficult to define satisfactorily. It appears that the med al concept of stress has been borrowed from engineering, that is applying a deforming force to a material and creating a state of tension within it. The stress is not in itself harmful to the material in question but it may cause the development of strains and these are harmful. To continue the analogy with metal, there P may be bending or breaking. Whilst talking about stress in industry, I am not in a position to compete with the academic experts because my situation is very practical. I work entirely within the field of occupational medicine as a physician and therefore my work is concerned, as far as this topic is concerned, with the practical avoidance, recognition and management of stress. Stress is not in itself inherently harmful and may even be beneficial. It is reasonable to compare this with the tension in an old style watch spring which supplies the motive force for keeping the mechanism going. So that the watch is to continue to function the mechanism
{"title":"Mental health aspects of occupational health.","authors":"M S Gatley","doi":"10.1177/146642408110100406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408110100406","url":null,"abstract":"TRESS IS easy enough to recognise but very difficult to define satisfactorily. It appears that the med al concept of stress has been borrowed from engineering, that is applying a deforming force to a material and creating a state of tension within it. The stress is not in itself harmful to the material in question but it may cause the development of strains and these are harmful. To continue the analogy with metal, there P may be bending or breaking. Whilst talking about stress in industry, I am not in a position to compete with the academic experts because my situation is very practical. I work entirely within the field of occupational medicine as a physician and therefore my work is concerned, as far as this topic is concerned, with the practical avoidance, recognition and management of stress. Stress is not in itself inherently harmful and may even be beneficial. It is reasonable to compare this with the tension in an old style watch spring which supplies the motive force for keeping the mechanism going. So that the watch is to continue to function the mechanism","PeriodicalId":76506,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society of Health journal","volume":"101 4","pages":"141-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642408110100406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18282945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-08-01DOI: 10.1177/146642408110100412
A E Bender
ITH WELL-PUBLICISED mountains of butV ter, meat, and milk powder, and lakes of wine, v v together with new possibilities of lakes of olive oil there do not appear to be any problems about our future food supplies. However, failures of basic crops especially wheat, and shortages of animal feed supplements from soya beans and fish meal do impress on us the vulnerability of our position and the temporary nature of a glut. Against the world figures of food consumption the surpluses represented by the mountains of Europe are extremely small. It is 200 years since Malthus pointed out that while food production increases arithmetically, population increases geometrically so that population must inevitably outstrip food supplies. The opening up of new lands, the manufacture of nitrogen fertilisers and the improved varieties of both plant and animal crops together with vastly improved methods of agriculture and animal husbandry have postponed Malthus’s prediction but for how long? So far food supplies, overall, have kept pace with increasing population. In the ten years between 1963 and 1973 world population increased by 21 per cent and food supplies by 33 per cent, but this was unevenly distributed. In the industrialised countries a population increase of only 10 per cent was accompanied by a 33 per cent increase in food production, while in the developing countries population increased by z5 per cent and food by 32 per cent. A similar pattern occurred in the preceding decade between 1954 and
{"title":"The future of our food supplies.","authors":"A E Bender","doi":"10.1177/146642408110100412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408110100412","url":null,"abstract":"ITH WELL-PUBLICISED mountains of butV ter, meat, and milk powder, and lakes of wine, v v together with new possibilities of lakes of olive oil there do not appear to be any problems about our future food supplies. However, failures of basic crops especially wheat, and shortages of animal feed supplements from soya beans and fish meal do impress on us the vulnerability of our position and the temporary nature of a glut. Against the world figures of food consumption the surpluses represented by the mountains of Europe are extremely small. It is 200 years since Malthus pointed out that while food production increases arithmetically, population increases geometrically so that population must inevitably outstrip food supplies. The opening up of new lands, the manufacture of nitrogen fertilisers and the improved varieties of both plant and animal crops together with vastly improved methods of agriculture and animal husbandry have postponed Malthus’s prediction but for how long? So far food supplies, overall, have kept pace with increasing population. In the ten years between 1963 and 1973 world population increased by 21 per cent and food supplies by 33 per cent, but this was unevenly distributed. In the industrialised countries a population increase of only 10 per cent was accompanied by a 33 per cent increase in food production, while in the developing countries population increased by z5 per cent and food by 32 per cent. A similar pattern occurred in the preceding decade between 1954 and","PeriodicalId":76506,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society of Health journal","volume":"101 4","pages":"158-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642408110100412","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18282950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-08-01DOI: 10.1177/146642408110100407
A C Ferguson
{"title":"A friend in need. A befriending scheme for Holywell Psychiatric Hospital, Co. Antrim, N. Ireland.","authors":"A C Ferguson","doi":"10.1177/146642408110100407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408110100407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76506,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society of Health journal","volume":"101 4","pages":"145-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642408110100407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18282946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-08-01DOI: 10.1177/146642408110100401
B Z Diamant
WASTEWATER SLUDGE production is esti mated at 33 tons, dry weight, per year per 1,000 people living in sewered areas. About a quarter of this sludge is disposed of by means of application to cropland. This disposal means has an important fertilizing advantage due to the high nitrogen content in the sludge — but also a serious disadvantage caused by the presence of poisonous heavy metals in the same sludge, that affect plants, animals, man and water resources. Out of the 14 most common heavy metals in sludge, that include — aluminium, antimony, arsenic, chromium, iron, lead, manganese, mercury and selenium, as well as cadmium, copper, molybdenum, nickel and zinc — the last five are the most hazardous, in particular the cadmium. Most heavy metals are essential in the metabolism processes, but are poison ous in excess quantities. Heavy metals tend to accumu late in leaves, rather than in the fruit of plants — and in the liver and kidneys of animals feeding on the infected plants. Plants absorb heavy metals only in a soluble form. High content clay soils, maintained in high pH values tend to reduce this solubility. Other control means include adequate selection of the raised crops (preferably non-edible plants), adjusting the sludge application rates to the nitrogen demand of the plants, reducing the heavy metals content in the sludge by pre-treating the relevant industrial wastes and regular monitoring and sampling of the heavy metals concent rations in the sludge, soil and plants.
{"title":"The control of the heavy metals health hazard in the reclamation of wastewater sludge as agricultural fertilizer.","authors":"B Z Diamant","doi":"10.1177/146642408110100401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408110100401","url":null,"abstract":"WASTEWATER SLUDGE production is esti mated at 33 tons, dry weight, per year per 1,000 people living in sewered areas. About a quarter of this sludge is disposed of by means of application to cropland. This disposal means has an important fertilizing advantage due to the high nitrogen content in the sludge — but also a serious disadvantage caused by the presence of poisonous heavy metals in the same sludge, that affect plants, animals, man and water resources. Out of the 14 most common heavy metals in sludge, that include — aluminium, antimony, arsenic, chromium, iron, lead, manganese, mercury and selenium, as well as cadmium, copper, molybdenum, nickel and zinc — the last five are the most hazardous, in particular the cadmium. Most heavy metals are essential in the metabolism processes, but are poison ous in excess quantities. Heavy metals tend to accumu late in leaves, rather than in the fruit of plants — and in the liver and kidneys of animals feeding on the infected plants. Plants absorb heavy metals only in a soluble form. High content clay soils, maintained in high pH values tend to reduce this solubility. Other control means include adequate selection of the raised crops (preferably non-edible plants), adjusting the sludge application rates to the nitrogen demand of the plants, reducing the heavy metals content in the sludge by pre-treating the relevant industrial wastes and regular monitoring and sampling of the heavy metals concent rations in the sludge, soil and plants.","PeriodicalId":76506,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society of Health journal","volume":"101 4","pages":"127-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642408110100401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17330172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-08-01DOI: 10.1177/146642408110100409
A G Cockburn
{"title":"Pollution and the Thames.","authors":"A G Cockburn","doi":"10.1177/146642408110100409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408110100409","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76506,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society of Health journal","volume":"101 4","pages":"148-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642408110100409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18282947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-06-01DOI: 10.1177/146642408110100307
B Serebro
FACTOR inherent in human behaviour is memory. Its attributes, even when drawn from personal experience, represent a continual learning process which generally takes place during man’s hours of waking when he is exposed to a variety of external stimuli arising from his environment, which ranges from pleasant, through unpleasurable to noxious; in ~s way he develops an experience of the type of muli that are to his advantage or otherwise. The processing of these stimuli creates in turn information that is capable of being selected or filtered, stored and made available for retrieval (recall), and represents the functions of memory. The actual substance that makes memory possible is stimulus energy (SE), a neurophysiological entity which initiates physico-chemical changes in the nervous system. The stimulation of receptor sites in the body, such as those which are concerned with sight, smell, sound, taste, touch and the like, act as transducers for the external stimuli, and in turn initiate the flow of SE to the various tissues and
{"title":"The alcohol-dependent person (alcoholic): a behaviour analysis of this factor leading to alcohol dependence and excessive drinking.","authors":"B Serebro","doi":"10.1177/146642408110100307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408110100307","url":null,"abstract":"FACTOR inherent in human behaviour is memory. Its attributes, even when drawn from personal experience, represent a continual learning process which generally takes place during man’s hours of waking when he is exposed to a variety of external stimuli arising from his environment, which ranges from pleasant, through unpleasurable to noxious; in ~s way he develops an experience of the type of muli that are to his advantage or otherwise. The processing of these stimuli creates in turn information that is capable of being selected or filtered, stored and made available for retrieval (recall), and represents the functions of memory. The actual substance that makes memory possible is stimulus energy (SE), a neurophysiological entity which initiates physico-chemical changes in the nervous system. The stimulation of receptor sites in the body, such as those which are concerned with sight, smell, sound, taste, touch and the like, act as transducers for the external stimuli, and in turn initiate the flow of SE to the various tissues and","PeriodicalId":76506,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society of Health journal","volume":"101 3","pages":"109-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642408110100307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18282937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-06-01DOI: 10.1177/146642408110100309
J Wilson-Barnett
{"title":"Anxiety in hospitalised patients.","authors":"J Wilson-Barnett","doi":"10.1177/146642408110100309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408110100309","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76506,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society of Health journal","volume":"101 3","pages":"118, 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642408110100309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18282939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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