Pub Date : 1982-02-01DOI: 10.1177/146642408210200113
D T Shore
S AN engineer with some 30 years’ experience in supplying processes and equipment to the food industry, I am conscious of considerable change the attitude of both the designer and the user of ocess equipment to build in additional features elated to quality of performance and safety of operation. I am not speaking about machine guards, flameproofing or the prevention of water ingress to electrical equipment; instead I am concentrating on the performance of the process plant in achieving its design specification.
{"title":"Performance of process plant in relation to food quality and safety.","authors":"D T Shore","doi":"10.1177/146642408210200113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408210200113","url":null,"abstract":"S AN engineer with some 30 years’ experience in supplying processes and equipment to the food industry, I am conscious of considerable change the attitude of both the designer and the user of ocess equipment to build in additional features elated to quality of performance and safety of operation. I am not speaking about machine guards, flameproofing or the prevention of water ingress to electrical equipment; instead I am concentrating on the performance of the process plant in achieving its design specification.","PeriodicalId":76506,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society of Health journal","volume":" ","pages":"39-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642408210200113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35217153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-02-01DOI: 10.1177/146642408210200103
J H Edwards
UMIDIFIER FEVER is classed as an example of extrinisic allergic alveolitis (EAA)’ (or hypersensitivity pneumonitis)l on the basis of time of onset of symptoms after exposure, clinical manifestations and presence of antibodies against the offending agent. In humidifier fever the hypersensitivity reaction is to microbial antigens developing usually in humidifiers and disseminated via air conditioning systems. Inhalation and interaction between these antigens and the immune system of the susceptible individual produces an episode of humidifier fever some hours after inhalation3. The episode is similar to a bout of ’flu’ except that the patient is usually better the next day when no further problems may occur even on exposure to the same environment. This refractory period is seen in other diseases in the EAA group4 and persists in humidifier fever until a significant break from the inducing environment presumably allows build-up of the pyrexia inducing factors. The next attack may then occur, for example, after a weekend break but may not necessarily be so debilitating as to deter people from continuing their employment even with regular Monday attacks. It is perhaps fortunate that this example of EAA has not been seen to progress to the chronic stage that is seen in other examples of EAA, eg farmer’s lung, pigeon breeder’s lung’, perhaps the nature of the offending antigen is responsible for I this.
{"title":"Humidifier fever.","authors":"J H Edwards","doi":"10.1177/146642408210200103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408210200103","url":null,"abstract":"UMIDIFIER FEVER is classed as an example of extrinisic allergic alveolitis (EAA)’ (or hypersensitivity pneumonitis)l on the basis of time of onset of symptoms after exposure, clinical manifestations and presence of antibodies against the offending agent. In humidifier fever the hypersensitivity reaction is to microbial antigens developing usually in humidifiers and disseminated via air conditioning systems. Inhalation and interaction between these antigens and the immune system of the susceptible individual produces an episode of humidifier fever some hours after inhalation3. The episode is similar to a bout of ’flu’ except that the patient is usually better the next day when no further problems may occur even on exposure to the same environment. This refractory period is seen in other diseases in the EAA group4 and persists in humidifier fever until a significant break from the inducing environment presumably allows build-up of the pyrexia inducing factors. The next attack may then occur, for example, after a weekend break but may not necessarily be so debilitating as to deter people from continuing their employment even with regular Monday attacks. It is perhaps fortunate that this example of EAA has not been seen to progress to the chronic stage that is seen in other examples of EAA, eg farmer’s lung, pigeon breeder’s lung’, perhaps the nature of the offending antigen is responsible for I this.","PeriodicalId":76506,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society of Health journal","volume":" ","pages":"7-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642408210200103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35217154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-02-01DOI: 10.1177/146642408210200106
T E Jordan
to indulge in what persists of the Romantics’ eighteenth century of ’man as revealed by nature in childhood’ was purchased in the economic explosion of the Industrial Revolution. The price was paid by those who worked in the ’dark satanic mills’ of Blake whose poems and pictures were a witness to their age. Save for Blake’s testimony, literal, allegorical, or visual, little would persist in our Western culture to recall the price. Today, the economics of childhood around the world
{"title":"Lancashire lasses and Yorkshire lads: childhood in the early nineteenth century.","authors":"T E Jordan","doi":"10.1177/146642408210200106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408210200106","url":null,"abstract":"to indulge in what persists of the Romantics’ eighteenth century of ’man as revealed by nature in childhood’ was purchased in the economic explosion of the Industrial Revolution. The price was paid by those who worked in the ’dark satanic mills’ of Blake whose poems and pictures were a witness to their age. Save for Blake’s testimony, literal, allegorical, or visual, little would persist in our Western culture to recall the price. Today, the economics of childhood around the world","PeriodicalId":76506,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society of Health journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642408210200106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18093021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-02-01DOI: 10.1177/146642408210200107
N Mays
sensitive and responsive to those who use it. The need for an independent consumer body seems justified when considering the NHS’s position as: a nearmonopoly provider of health care for the bulk of the population; its dominance by professional and staff interests; the huge sum of public money required for its operation; and the fact that decisions about the size, allocation and use of health resources are not simply technical and best left to the ’experts’, but are also ideological and political, and therefore, the concern of the public, meriting the widest arena of discussion. CHCs were given a difficult job and imprecisely defined and largely advisory powers under the 1974 reorganisation’. Since then, they have aroused considerable controversy while attempting to build a coherent
{"title":"Community Health Councils and N.H.S. community physicians: potential for a fruitful relationship.","authors":"N Mays","doi":"10.1177/146642408210200107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408210200107","url":null,"abstract":"sensitive and responsive to those who use it. The need for an independent consumer body seems justified when considering the NHS’s position as: a nearmonopoly provider of health care for the bulk of the population; its dominance by professional and staff interests; the huge sum of public money required for its operation; and the fact that decisions about the size, allocation and use of health resources are not simply technical and best left to the ’experts’, but are also ideological and political, and therefore, the concern of the public, meriting the widest arena of discussion. CHCs were given a difficult job and imprecisely defined and largely advisory powers under the 1974 reorganisation’. Since then, they have aroused considerable controversy while attempting to build a coherent","PeriodicalId":76506,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society of Health journal","volume":" ","pages":"21-3, 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642408210200107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35217148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-02-01DOI: 10.1177/146642408210200101
R F Borgman, S F Lightsey, W R Roberts
area (Perry and Perry, 1974). In general, coastal areas have a lower per capita income, possibly suggesting a lower level of medical care than the piedmont areas. South Carolina has softer water than states with a low incidence of cardiovascular disease. The relation of water hardness to cardiovascular disease mortality has been reviewed by Sharrett and Feinleib (1975), and in general, the mortality incidence was less in hard water areas than in soft water areas. Hard water usually has greater concentrations of calcium and magnesium than does soft water. Masironi (1970) conducted a study of unfinished river waters in the United States and found
{"title":"Hair element concentrations and hypertension in South Carolina.","authors":"R F Borgman, S F Lightsey, W R Roberts","doi":"10.1177/146642408210200101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408210200101","url":null,"abstract":"area (Perry and Perry, 1974). In general, coastal areas have a lower per capita income, possibly suggesting a lower level of medical care than the piedmont areas. South Carolina has softer water than states with a low incidence of cardiovascular disease. The relation of water hardness to cardiovascular disease mortality has been reviewed by Sharrett and Feinleib (1975), and in general, the mortality incidence was less in hard water areas than in soft water areas. Hard water usually has greater concentrations of calcium and magnesium than does soft water. Masironi (1970) conducted a study of unfinished river waters in the United States and found","PeriodicalId":76506,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society of Health journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642408210200101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35217146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-02-01DOI: 10.1177/146642408210200102
R Griffiths
{"title":"The community health councils of the future.","authors":"R Griffiths","doi":"10.1177/146642408210200102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408210200102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76506,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society of Health journal","volume":" ","pages":"3-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642408210200102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35217151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-02-01DOI: 10.1177/146642408210200111
D Hawes
erm institutional care, particularly in the older and arger institutions is not only costly, but is unable to espond readily to the individual needs and capabilities atients. Hostel and hospital living tends to mean the of contact between patients and their families, rt icularly when long travel distances are involved, nd loss of ability to maintain social contacts within the ommunity. The bigger an establishment becomes the ore isolated and inward looking it grows, tending to ecome self-contained rather than relating to the outide community. Rules made for the general good can e oppressive to the individual and it is easy for the ersonality to become ’institutionalised’. The idea that he mentally handicapped have the basic right to live in he community like anyone else, and perhaps even ore need to do so, reinforces the view that they have he same human value and human rights as any other, nd leads to the view that services provided for them ust recognise the essential individuality and specific needs of each patient. Discussion along these lines among professionals in various disciplines and among the parents and voluntary agencies who assist the mentally handicapped has received tacit support from many quarters, not least from the medical profession and from the specialist nursing services. The more practical argument that large scale institutions are essively costly, both in the capital resources needed rovide them, and in the per capita running costs is a persuasive element in discussions with regional health authorities and social service departments. Schemes such as those described below indicate about 42 per cent reduction in revenue cost compared with institutional care. The case for comprehensive, locally-based residential services for the mentally handicapped was given a further boost in March 1980 when a project paper by the Kings Fund Centre was published arguing the case most lucidly on grounds both of economy and of quality of service. At a more emotive level recent television news and documentary pieces have illustrated that it was possible in the past for people with the most mild inadequacies to be incarcerated in large mental institutions for decades, only to be discovered by some progressive consultant and launched into a perfectly adequate lifestyle in independent housing within the community.
{"title":"New initiatives in housing for the mentally handicapped.","authors":"D Hawes","doi":"10.1177/146642408210200111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408210200111","url":null,"abstract":"erm institutional care, particularly in the older and arger institutions is not only costly, but is unable to espond readily to the individual needs and capabilities atients. Hostel and hospital living tends to mean the of contact between patients and their families, rt icularly when long travel distances are involved, nd loss of ability to maintain social contacts within the ommunity. The bigger an establishment becomes the ore isolated and inward looking it grows, tending to ecome self-contained rather than relating to the outide community. Rules made for the general good can e oppressive to the individual and it is easy for the ersonality to become ’institutionalised’. The idea that he mentally handicapped have the basic right to live in he community like anyone else, and perhaps even ore need to do so, reinforces the view that they have he same human value and human rights as any other, nd leads to the view that services provided for them ust recognise the essential individuality and specific needs of each patient. Discussion along these lines among professionals in various disciplines and among the parents and voluntary agencies who assist the mentally handicapped has received tacit support from many quarters, not least from the medical profession and from the specialist nursing services. The more practical argument that large scale institutions are essively costly, both in the capital resources needed rovide them, and in the per capita running costs is a persuasive element in discussions with regional health authorities and social service departments. Schemes such as those described below indicate about 42 per cent reduction in revenue cost compared with institutional care. The case for comprehensive, locally-based residential services for the mentally handicapped was given a further boost in March 1980 when a project paper by the Kings Fund Centre was published arguing the case most lucidly on grounds both of economy and of quality of service. At a more emotive level recent television news and documentary pieces have illustrated that it was possible in the past for people with the most mild inadequacies to be incarcerated in large mental institutions for decades, only to be discovered by some progressive consultant and launched into a perfectly adequate lifestyle in independent housing within the community.","PeriodicalId":76506,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society of Health journal","volume":" ","pages":"35-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642408210200111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35217152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-02-01DOI: 10.1177/146642408210200110
P A Webb
ANY Asian and Afro-Caribbean immigrants are thought to present special problems in medicine and the medical world frequently defines these as being different from the indigenous population. It has been suggested’ that immigrants may have unusual inherited defects or illnesses acquired in a previous environment or illnesses which result from a hange to a new environment. In the past it has been ought that health propaganda or health information ight be a useful weapon in helping fight some of these illnessesz, for example reducing the number of Asian children suffering from rickets by encouraging their mothers to feed them extra vitamin D or by reducing the number of Afro-Caribbean children suffering from sickle-cell anaemia by encouraging would-be parents to undertake genetic counselling. Increasingly education is now thought3 to be a more able ally for, unlike information or propaganda, education is person centred and is concerned with the development and growth of the individual. However two major problems exist.
{"title":"Ethnic health project 1979/1980.","authors":"P A Webb","doi":"10.1177/146642408210200110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408210200110","url":null,"abstract":"ANY Asian and Afro-Caribbean immigrants are thought to present special problems in medicine and the medical world frequently defines these as being different from the indigenous population. It has been suggested’ that immigrants may have unusual inherited defects or illnesses acquired in a previous environment or illnesses which result from a hange to a new environment. In the past it has been ought that health propaganda or health information ight be a useful weapon in helping fight some of these illnessesz, for example reducing the number of Asian children suffering from rickets by encouraging their mothers to feed them extra vitamin D or by reducing the number of Afro-Caribbean children suffering from sickle-cell anaemia by encouraging would-be parents to undertake genetic counselling. Increasingly education is now thought3 to be a more able ally for, unlike information or propaganda, education is person centred and is concerned with the development and growth of the individual. However two major problems exist.","PeriodicalId":76506,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society of Health journal","volume":" ","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642408210200110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35217150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-12-01DOI: 10.1177/146642408110100606
D Beckett
were built to heights of about 150 metres (Great Pyramid of Cheops, El Gizeh, 147 metres, circa 2580 BC) and it is remarkable that the height of the world’s tallest buildings remained substantially constant at about 150 metres for a period of 4500 years. Following the completion of Rouen and Cologne cathedrals in the period 1875 to 1880, with heights of 148 and 156 metres respectively, there was a dramatic increase in building heights the Eiffel Tower 300.5
{"title":"Serviceability problems with high rise buildings.","authors":"D Beckett","doi":"10.1177/146642408110100606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/146642408110100606","url":null,"abstract":"were built to heights of about 150 metres (Great Pyramid of Cheops, El Gizeh, 147 metres, circa 2580 BC) and it is remarkable that the height of the world’s tallest buildings remained substantially constant at about 150 metres for a period of 4500 years. Following the completion of Rouen and Cologne cathedrals in the period 1875 to 1880, with heights of 148 and 156 metres respectively, there was a dramatic increase in building heights the Eiffel Tower 300.5","PeriodicalId":76506,"journal":{"name":"Royal Society of Health journal","volume":"101 6","pages":"236-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/146642408110100606","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18349436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：