Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.2340/1650197785176374
R. Nisell, J. Ekholm
A radiographical study of 20 loaded knees of healthy subjects and a knee dissection study of 20 specimens were performed in order to present a two-dimensional patello-femoral joint biomechanical model. A constant knee-extending moment gave 25-40% lower force magnitudes in the patellar tendon than in the quadriceps tendon if the knee was flexed to 60-120 deg. The magnitude of the patello-femoral joint compressive force reached its maximum at 90 deg knee angle and decreased slightly towards 120 deg. A compressive force between quadriceps tendon and femoral intercondylar groove was present above 60 deg knee angle and its magnitude was estimated. The patellar forces in women were about 20% higher than in men. The biomechanical model may be used in knee rehabilitation activities to optimize and individualize exercise programmes. The model may also be applied to daily activities in order to quantify patellar forces.
{"title":"Patellar forces during knee extension.","authors":"R. Nisell, J. Ekholm","doi":"10.2340/1650197785176374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/1650197785176374","url":null,"abstract":"A radiographical study of 20 loaded knees of healthy subjects and a knee dissection study of 20 specimens were performed in order to present a two-dimensional patello-femoral joint biomechanical model. A constant knee-extending moment gave 25-40% lower force magnitudes in the patellar tendon than in the quadriceps tendon if the knee was flexed to 60-120 deg. The magnitude of the patello-femoral joint compressive force reached its maximum at 90 deg knee angle and decreased slightly towards 120 deg. A compressive force between quadriceps tendon and femoral intercondylar groove was present above 60 deg knee angle and its magnitude was estimated. The patellar forces in women were about 20% higher than in men. The biomechanical model may be used in knee rehabilitation activities to optimize and individualize exercise programmes. The model may also be applied to daily activities in order to quantify patellar forces.","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"17 2 1","pages":"63-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48120808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Ekholm, R. Nisell, U. Arborelius, C. Hammerberg, G. Németh
The load on the knee joints during lifting has been less studied than low back load. Healthy subjects lifted a 12.8-kg box from floor to table-level in three different ways; 1) with straight knees, 2) with bent knees and the box in front of the knees, and 3) with bent knees and the box between the knees. The loading moment of force about the bilateral knee axis was calculated by means of a computerized static sagittal plane model. Electromyography was recorded from quadriceps and ischiocrural muscles. The beginning of the flexed-knee lifts caused a flexing loading knee moment of about 50 Nm and a knee angle of 90 degrees. Straight-knee lifts gave all through the lift an extending loading moment. During the final phase of all lifts there was an extending loading knee moment of about 55 Nm and a knee angle of 0 degrees. The three lifts were compared and discussed from a biomechanical and ergonomical point of view.
{"title":"Load on knee joint structures and muscular activity during lifting.","authors":"J. Ekholm, R. Nisell, U. Arborelius, C. Hammerberg, G. Németh","doi":"10.2340/16501977841619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977841619","url":null,"abstract":"The load on the knee joints during lifting has been less studied than low back load. Healthy subjects lifted a 12.8-kg box from floor to table-level in three different ways; 1) with straight knees, 2) with bent knees and the box in front of the knees, and 3) with bent knees and the box between the knees. The loading moment of force about the bilateral knee axis was calculated by means of a computerized static sagittal plane model. Electromyography was recorded from quadriceps and ischiocrural muscles. The beginning of the flexed-knee lifts caused a flexing loading knee moment of about 50 Nm and a knee angle of 90 degrees. Straight-knee lifts gave all through the lift an extending loading moment. During the final phase of all lifts there was an extending loading knee moment of about 55 Nm and a knee angle of 0 degrees. The three lifts were compared and discussed from a biomechanical and ergonomical point of view.","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"16 1 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46700537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.2340/1650197784168589
Anna-Christina Ek, Lewis Dh, H. Zetterqvist, Svensson Pg
The aim of this study was to measure skin blood flow in patients with pressure sore in a long-term care unit. For comparison, measurements were also carried out on in-patients at risk of developing pressure sores and on healthy individuals in the same age groups as the in-patients. Skin blood flow was measured in the morning, using a laser-Doppler flowmeter. Measurements were made over the lateral part of the hip and over the lateral part of the upper arm. Measurements were carried out first at ambient temperature. The flow was then followed as the local skin region was heated to 40 degrees C. The results indicate that in healthy individuals the heat stimulus increased skin blood flow over the lateral part of the hip more than in in-patients in the same age group. Individuals below the age of 60 have a greater response than those over the age of 60. This impairment in the ability of the older in-patients to increase skin blood flow in response to thermal stimulus may be a factor in the development of pressure sores.
{"title":"Skin blood flow in an area at risk for pressure sore.","authors":"Anna-Christina Ek, Lewis Dh, H. Zetterqvist, Svensson Pg","doi":"10.2340/1650197784168589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/1650197784168589","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to measure skin blood flow in patients with pressure sore in a long-term care unit. For comparison, measurements were also carried out on in-patients at risk of developing pressure sores and on healthy individuals in the same age groups as the in-patients. Skin blood flow was measured in the morning, using a laser-Doppler flowmeter. Measurements were made over the lateral part of the hip and over the lateral part of the upper arm. Measurements were carried out first at ambient temperature. The flow was then followed as the local skin region was heated to 40 degrees C. The results indicate that in healthy individuals the heat stimulus increased skin blood flow over the lateral part of the hip more than in in-patients in the same age group. Individuals below the age of 60 have a greater response than those over the age of 60. This impairment in the ability of the older in-patients to increase skin blood flow in response to thermal stimulus may be a factor in the development of pressure sores.","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"16 2 1","pages":"85-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44318747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.2340/165019778719109113
H. Saraste, G. Hultman
A comparison of life conditions (such as dwelling, health, leisure-time activities, education, occupation, and work characteristics) was made between age- and sex-stratified groups of persons with and without low-back pain (BP). The primary data were collected from a random, geographically standardized 1:1,000 sample of the Swedish population including 2,872 citizens aged 30-59 years. There were no differences with respect to dwelling, height, weight, habits of physical exercise, other non-occupational activities, and frequency of unemployment. In the group of 50-59 year old persons, the males with BP smoked more than those without. In the same age-group of females, and in the younger male groups there were no differences in smoking habits. Physically heavy, monotonous, and repetitive work was more frequent among the subjects with BP. The relative number of highschool-educated was lower among males--in the youngest age group--with BP. The back-healthy persons evaluated their state of health as better and their need of medical care as less than the persons with BP.
{"title":"Life conditions of persons with and without low-back pain.","authors":"H. Saraste, G. Hultman","doi":"10.2340/165019778719109113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/165019778719109113","url":null,"abstract":"A comparison of life conditions (such as dwelling, health, leisure-time activities, education, occupation, and work characteristics) was made between age- and sex-stratified groups of persons with and without low-back pain (BP). The primary data were collected from a random, geographically standardized 1:1,000 sample of the Swedish population including 2,872 citizens aged 30-59 years. There were no differences with respect to dwelling, height, weight, habits of physical exercise, other non-occupational activities, and frequency of unemployment. In the group of 50-59 year old persons, the males with BP smoked more than those without. In the same age-group of females, and in the younger male groups there were no differences in smoking habits. Physically heavy, monotonous, and repetitive work was more frequent among the subjects with BP. The relative number of highschool-educated was lower among males--in the youngest age group--with BP. The back-healthy persons evaluated their state of health as better and their need of medical care as less than the persons with BP.","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"19 3 1","pages":"109-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42356398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.2340/165019778719169178
O. Svensson, U. Arborelius, J. Ekholm
When a patient with a musculoskeletal disorder returns to work after rehabilitation, the work-station should be designed so that the impaired muscle groups are less exposed to load. The work posture desirable for a particular muscle group might impose higher load on another muscle group. Since the shoulder muscles usually are stronger than the elbow muscles, a direct comparison of the loads is difficult. To make comparisons possible, the load moment about the investigated joints were divided by the counteracting maximum muscular moments, and a Muscular strength Utilization Ratio (MUR) was obtained. Using this principle, the muscular load on the shoulder and elbow was investigated in 72 different packing work postures. Different combinations of box size, box angle, edge height and weight of object handled were studied. There was a higher relative load on the shoulder than on the elbow. The concept of relating joint load to strength may serve as a guideline for how high a patient's strength should be before returning to work to avoid further injuries.
{"title":"Relative mechanical load on shoulder and elbow muscles in standing position when handling materials manually. A study of packing work.","authors":"O. Svensson, U. Arborelius, J. Ekholm","doi":"10.2340/165019778719169178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/165019778719169178","url":null,"abstract":"When a patient with a musculoskeletal disorder returns to work after rehabilitation, the work-station should be designed so that the impaired muscle groups are less exposed to load. The work posture desirable for a particular muscle group might impose higher load on another muscle group. Since the shoulder muscles usually are stronger than the elbow muscles, a direct comparison of the loads is difficult. To make comparisons possible, the load moment about the investigated joints were divided by the counteracting maximum muscular moments, and a Muscular strength Utilization Ratio (MUR) was obtained. Using this principle, the muscular load on the shoulder and elbow was investigated in 72 different packing work postures. Different combinations of box size, box angle, edge height and weight of object handled were studied. There was a higher relative load on the shoulder than on the elbow. The concept of relating joint load to strength may serve as a guideline for how high a patient's strength should be before returning to work to avoid further injuries.","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"19 4 1","pages":"169-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42921002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.2340/1650197785173943
B. NueMøller, U. Lucht, F. Grymer, Bartholdy Nj
A prospective study of 104 patients with throchanteric hip fractures was undertaken with particular regard to postoperative complications and rehabilitation at the follow-up 3 months later. The mortality was 20%, depended more on the social function prior to the fracture than on the patient's age. Osteosynthesis was performed with the Richards sliding screw-plate system. The most frequent clinical complications were of a cardiovascular and pulmonary nature. Technical failure was encountered in 10%. Hip function was excellent or good in 69%. In 40% the ability to walk remained unchanged after the operation. Seventy-five per cent of the patients returned to their own homes, although 51% were more dependent on the social welfare system than before the fracture. The social function prior to the fracture determined the social function after the fracture to a greater extent than did the patient's age.
{"title":"Early rehabilitation following osteosynthesis with the sliding hip screw for trochanteric fractures.","authors":"B. NueMøller, U. Lucht, F. Grymer, Bartholdy Nj","doi":"10.2340/1650197785173943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/1650197785173943","url":null,"abstract":"A prospective study of 104 patients with throchanteric hip fractures was undertaken with particular regard to postoperative complications and rehabilitation at the follow-up 3 months later. The mortality was 20%, depended more on the social function prior to the fracture than on the patient's age. Osteosynthesis was performed with the Richards sliding screw-plate system. The most frequent clinical complications were of a cardiovascular and pulmonary nature. Technical failure was encountered in 10%. Hip function was excellent or good in 69%. In 40% the ability to walk remained unchanged after the operation. Seventy-five per cent of the patients returned to their own homes, although 51% were more dependent on the social welfare system than before the fracture. The social function prior to the fracture determined the social function after the fracture to a greater extent than did the patient's age.","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"17 1 1","pages":"39-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43082562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.2340/165019778517183190
G. Bergström, A. Aniansson, A. Bjelle, G. Grimby, B. Lundgren-Lindquist, A. Svanborg
A study of functional ability--in relation to joint impairment and disability--in 79-year-olds was performed on representative subsamples by interview (n = 134) and physical examination of joints (n = 89) as well as interview and functional tests regarding activities of daily living (ADL) (n = 84). Joint complaints of the lower extremities were more frequent than complaints of the upper extremities. Restricted knee motion had the highest correlation to disability of entering public transports. Previous sedentary workers were more disabled in ADL functions than those with a previous strenuous physical work. Correlation was found between low physical activity in the leisure time and impaired ADL functions. Low physical activity in the group with no definable disease was also correlated with greater social assistance. The reasons for commitment to institutional care were usually complex and, generally, not caused by joint impairment. Although disability had increased within the sample since age 70, at age 79 sixty per cent of the probands could still manage household tasks and personal care, and 69% did not require walking aids. The 79-year-olds thus display a high degree of musculoskeletal ability.
{"title":"Functional consequences of joint impairment at age 79.","authors":"G. Bergström, A. Aniansson, A. Bjelle, G. Grimby, B. Lundgren-Lindquist, A. Svanborg","doi":"10.2340/165019778517183190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/165019778517183190","url":null,"abstract":"A study of functional ability--in relation to joint impairment and disability--in 79-year-olds was performed on representative subsamples by interview (n = 134) and physical examination of joints (n = 89) as well as interview and functional tests regarding activities of daily living (ADL) (n = 84). Joint complaints of the lower extremities were more frequent than complaints of the upper extremities. Restricted knee motion had the highest correlation to disability of entering public transports. Previous sedentary workers were more disabled in ADL functions than those with a previous strenuous physical work. Correlation was found between low physical activity in the leisure time and impaired ADL functions. Low physical activity in the group with no definable disease was also correlated with greater social assistance. The reasons for commitment to institutional care were usually complex and, generally, not caused by joint impairment. Although disability had increased within the sample since age 70, at age 79 sixty per cent of the probands could still manage household tasks and personal care, and 69% did not require walking aids. The 79-year-olds thus display a high degree of musculoskeletal ability.","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"17 4 1","pages":"183-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42669254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.2340/165019778719135138
Thomas Lundeberg, E. Haker, M. Thomas
The purposes of this study were to compare the pain alleviating effects of laser treatment and placebo in tennis elbow. Also, the effects of laser radiation on the radial sensory nerve conduction, and the temperature changes in the tissue surrounding the treated radial nerve were studied. The results show that laser treatment is not significantly better than placebo in treating tennis elbow. Furthermore, no significant change was noted in the evoked sensory potential as well as subcutaneous temperatures in either experimental or control groups as a result of the applications of the laser radiation treatment.
{"title":"Effect of laser versus placebo in tennis elbow.","authors":"Thomas Lundeberg, E. Haker, M. Thomas","doi":"10.2340/165019778719135138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/165019778719135138","url":null,"abstract":"The purposes of this study were to compare the pain alleviating effects of laser treatment and placebo in tennis elbow. Also, the effects of laser radiation on the radial sensory nerve conduction, and the temperature changes in the tissue surrounding the treated radial nerve were studied. The results show that laser treatment is not significantly better than placebo in treating tennis elbow. Furthermore, no significant change was noted in the evoked sensory potential as well as subcutaneous temperatures in either experimental or control groups as a result of the applications of the laser radiation treatment.","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"19 3 1","pages":"135-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45063411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.2340/1650197787193135
B. Danneskiold-Samsøe, K. Lyngberg, T. Risum, M. Telling
It is well known that patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis have a reduced muscular function. The positive effect of physical training on rheumatic patients has been shown. In this study the effect of exercise therapy performed in a heated swimming pool has been evaluated for eight patients in a non-acute stage of rheumatoid arthritis. The median pre-treatment maximal isometric and isokinetic quadriceps strength was 88 Nm (44-146) and 99 Nm (62-149) respectively, which was 61% and 70% of that found in a control group of healthy persons. After 2 months exercise therapy the median maximal isometric and isokinetic quadriceps strength increased by 38% and 16% compared to the pre-treatment value (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.05). All patients, except one who developed cardiac arrhythmia during the second test, accomplished a submaximal bicycle test (a.m. Astrand). An increase in the aerobic capacity was observed in all patients after the training period.
{"title":"The effect of water exercise therapy given to patients with rheumatoid arthritis.","authors":"B. Danneskiold-Samsøe, K. Lyngberg, T. Risum, M. Telling","doi":"10.2340/1650197787193135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/1650197787193135","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis have a reduced muscular function. The positive effect of physical training on rheumatic patients has been shown. In this study the effect of exercise therapy performed in a heated swimming pool has been evaluated for eight patients in a non-acute stage of rheumatoid arthritis. The median pre-treatment maximal isometric and isokinetic quadriceps strength was 88 Nm (44-146) and 99 Nm (62-149) respectively, which was 61% and 70% of that found in a control group of healthy persons. After 2 months exercise therapy the median maximal isometric and isokinetic quadriceps strength increased by 38% and 16% compared to the pre-treatment value (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.05). All patients, except one who developed cardiac arrhythmia during the second test, accomplished a submaximal bicycle test (a.m. Astrand). An increase in the aerobic capacity was observed in all patients after the training period.","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"19 1 1","pages":"31-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49504412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-04DOI: 10.2340/165019778517147150
S. Eke-Okoro, L. Larsson, B. Sandlund
Normal subjects were loaded with increasing weights (2-6 kg) applied around the ankles. During these conditions stride length increased in relation to velocity. The percentage duration of single support in relation to stride duration increased. Provided the same load was applied around both ankles increase was symmetrical. Consequently there was also an increase of swing as well as a decrease of stance and of double support. The results contrast in all respects to what was found in previous experiments when the load was carried in the hand. During these conditions stride length decreased as well as the duration of single support. The two experimental conditions differed in that with ankle loading the swing phase was loaded while in the other case stance was loaded. The two types of experiment may help to explain why some patients with paretic legs walk with short strides, while others walk with strides that are normal or slightly prolonged.
{"title":"Simulation of paretic gait in normal subjects by loading the ankles.","authors":"S. Eke-Okoro, L. Larsson, B. Sandlund","doi":"10.2340/165019778517147150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2340/165019778517147150","url":null,"abstract":"Normal subjects were loaded with increasing weights (2-6 kg) applied around the ankles. During these conditions stride length increased in relation to velocity. The percentage duration of single support in relation to stride duration increased. Provided the same load was applied around both ankles increase was symmetrical. Consequently there was also an increase of swing as well as a decrease of stance and of double support. The results contrast in all respects to what was found in previous experiments when the load was carried in the hand. During these conditions stride length decreased as well as the duration of single support. The two experimental conditions differed in that with ankle loading the swing phase was loaded while in the other case stance was loaded. The two types of experiment may help to explain why some patients with paretic legs walk with short strides, while others walk with strides that are normal or slightly prolonged.","PeriodicalId":76523,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine","volume":"17 3 1","pages":"147-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49571112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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