Amy Schumer, Elizabeth A. Bonney, Ethan Harby, Devdoot Majumdar
Problem
Vaccination in pregnancy guards against infection. Maternal antibodies, however, can inhibit antibody production in neonates. We sought to determine the effects of maternal vaccination on neonatal immune response to a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine.
Method of Study
We hypothesized that mRNA-lipid nanoparticles (LNP) vaccination allows for a de novo neonatal antibody response even in the presence of vertically transmitted maternal antibodies. Female mice were vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) mRNA-LNPs. Mice were then bred, and 21-day-old pups were inoculated with the same mRNA-LNPs. Spike-specific IgG ELISAs were performed using mouse serum. A SARS-CoV-2 spike protein peptide library to perform peptide ELISAs characterized high affinity binding domains within the spike protein. Results were analyzed with one-way ANOVAs with Tukey's multiple comparisons tests.
Results
Compared to pups of unvaccinated dams, there were high levels of spike-specific IgG detected in the pups of vaccinated dams at 3 weeks of life (p < 0.0001). After neonatal vaccination, pups of unvaccinated dams had higher spike-specific serum IgG than pups of vaccinated dams at 12 weeks of life (p < 0.001). Antibody specificity to peptide moieties within spike RBD were similar when comparing a vaccinated dam to her pup at Week 3 of life, with different binding affinities observed in the pups by Week 15 of life.
Conclusions
Pre-existing maternal antibodies may partially blunt the initial neonatal antibody response to mRNA-LNPs vaccination. This vaccine strategy, however, does not prohibit the subsequent development of a broad range of RBD antibody specificities that may be protective.
{"title":"Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination Efficacy Is Influenced by Maternal Antibodies","authors":"Amy Schumer, Elizabeth A. Bonney, Ethan Harby, Devdoot Majumdar","doi":"10.1111/aji.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vaccination in pregnancy guards against infection. Maternal antibodies, however, can inhibit antibody production in neonates. We sought to determine the effects of maternal vaccination on neonatal immune response to a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method of Study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We hypothesized that mRNA-lipid nanoparticles (LNP) vaccination allows for a de novo neonatal antibody response even in the presence of vertically transmitted maternal antibodies. Female mice were vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) mRNA-LNPs. Mice were then bred, and 21-day-old pups were inoculated with the same mRNA-LNPs. Spike-specific IgG ELISAs were performed using mouse serum. A SARS-CoV-2 spike protein peptide library to perform peptide ELISAs characterized high affinity binding domains within the spike protein. Results were analyzed with one-way ANOVAs with Tukey's multiple comparisons tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to pups of unvaccinated dams, there were high levels of spike-specific IgG detected in the pups of vaccinated dams at 3 weeks of life (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). After neonatal vaccination, pups of unvaccinated dams had higher spike-specific serum IgG than pups of vaccinated dams at 12 weeks of life (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Antibody specificity to peptide moieties within spike RBD were similar when comparing a vaccinated dam to her pup at Week 3 of life, with different binding affinities observed in the pups by Week 15 of life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pre-existing maternal antibodies may partially blunt the initial neonatal antibody response to mRNA-LNPs vaccination. This vaccine strategy, however, does not prohibit the subsequent development of a broad range of RBD antibody specificities that may be protective.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"92 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aji.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safari Joseph Balegamire, Benoît Mâsse, François Audibert, Valerie Lamarre, Yves Giguere, Jean-Claude Forest, Isabelle Boucoiran
Problem
Preterm birth and preeclampsia significantly contribute to infant morbidity and mortality, posing critical public health concerns. Viral infections, particularly Cytomegalovirus (CMV), associated with chronic inflammation, may play a role in these adverse pregnancy outcomes. The contribution of CMV to preterm birth and preeclampsia requires further investigation.
Method of Study
Data from 6048 pregnant women from two prospective Quebec cohorts, recruited between May 2005 and August 2012, were analyzed. First-trimester CMV serology was the exposure variable. Associations were assessed using multivariable logistic regression adjusted by inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) of propensity scores. Mediation analyses estimated the direct effect of maternal CMV serostatus on preterm birth, excluding mediation by preeclampsia.
Results
Preterm birth and preeclampsia proportions were 5.1% (95% CI: 4.6–5.7) and 1.9% (95% CI: 1.6–2.3), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted by IPTW showed associations between CMV seropositivity and preterm birth (OR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02–1.41) and CMV seropositivity and preeclampsia (OR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.08–1.84). Mediation analysis indicated that 97% of the total effect of CMV seropositivity on preterm birth is direct, with the remaining 3% mediated by preeclampsia.
Conclusions
CMV seropositivity appears to be a risk factor for both preterm birth and preeclampsia. The effect of maternal CMV seropositivity on preterm birth is primarily direct, not mediated by preeclampsia. Future studies should explore the impact of preventive measures against CMV infection on the incidence of preterm delivery and preeclampsia.
{"title":"Association Between Maternal Cytomegalovirus Seropositivity, Preterm Birth, and Preeclampsia in Two Cohorts From Quebec, Canada: A Mediation Analysis","authors":"Safari Joseph Balegamire, Benoît Mâsse, François Audibert, Valerie Lamarre, Yves Giguere, Jean-Claude Forest, Isabelle Boucoiran","doi":"10.1111/aji.13941","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.13941","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Preterm birth and preeclampsia significantly contribute to infant morbidity and mortality, posing critical public health concerns. Viral infections, particularly Cytomegalovirus (CMV), associated with chronic inflammation, may play a role in these adverse pregnancy outcomes. The contribution of CMV to preterm birth and preeclampsia requires further investigation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method of Study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 6048 pregnant women from two prospective Quebec cohorts, recruited between May 2005 and August 2012, were analyzed. First-trimester CMV serology was the exposure variable. Associations were assessed using multivariable logistic regression adjusted by inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) of propensity scores. Mediation analyses estimated the direct effect of maternal CMV serostatus on preterm birth, excluding mediation by preeclampsia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Preterm birth and preeclampsia proportions were 5.1% (95% CI: 4.6–5.7) and 1.9% (95% CI: 1.6–2.3), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted by IPTW showed associations between CMV seropositivity and preterm birth (OR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02–1.41) and CMV seropositivity and preeclampsia (OR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.08–1.84). Mediation analysis indicated that 97% of the total effect of CMV seropositivity on preterm birth is direct, with the remaining 3% mediated by preeclampsia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CMV seropositivity appears to be a risk factor for both preterm birth and preeclampsia. The effect of maternal CMV seropositivity on preterm birth is primarily direct, not mediated by preeclampsia. Future studies should explore the impact of preventive measures against CMV infection on the incidence of preterm delivery and preeclampsia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"92 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aji.13941","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Objective</h3> <p>Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with hypertension (HTN) during pregnancy and activated CD4+ T cells, inflammatory cytokines, and autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1-AA). Having had COVID-19 (CV) during pregnancy is associated with an increased incidence of a PE-like phenotype. Both PE and CV have long-lasting neurological implications and studies show that nonpregnant COVID patients produce AT1-AA. We have shown that CD4+ T cells from PE women cause a PE phenotype in nude athymic rats. In this study, we sought to examine the role of CD4+ T cells from PE with a CV History (Hx) to contribute to a PE phenotype and to determine the importance of CD4+ T cells in cognitive dysfunction during pregnancy.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>At delivery, blood and placentas were collected, and one million placental CD4+ T cells from each PE and each normotensive patient, with (NT) or without (NP) a CV (Hx) during pregnancy, were isolated, purified, and injected i.p. into a gestational day (GD) 12 pregnant nude athymic rat (one patient/rat). At GD19, blood pressure (MAP) and circulating factors were assessed in recipient rats. Cognitive function and memory were assessed using Novel Object Recognition and Barnes Maze tests, respectively. Placental ACE-2 activity and AT1-AA were measured from COVID Hx patients. A one- or two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test was used for statistical analysis.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Blood pressure was increased in patients with PE, with or without COVID, compared to NT patients. There were no significant changes in placental ACE activity in patients with COVID Hx with or without PE. AT1-AA was elevated in PE patients and in both PE and NT COVID Hx compared to control NP. In pregnant recipient rats, MAP increased in CV Hx PE (113 ± 2, <i>n</i> = 8) compared to CV Hx NT (101 ± 5, <i>n</i> = 6). PE and PE CV Hx CD4+ T Cell recipient rats exhibited impaired memory and cognitive dysfunction (<i>p</i> < 0.05), compared to control groups. Recipient rats of PE CV Hx CD4+ T cells had elevated AT1-AA compared to NT CV Hx recipients. Both COVID Hx groups and recipients of PE CD4+ T cells had elevated TNF alpha compared to NP.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>Our findings indicate that pregnant patients with a Hx of COVID during pregnancy produce AT1-AA, with or without PE. Recipients of CD4+ T cells from PE with or without a CV Hx during pregnancy cause HTN and elevated AT1-AA. TNF-α is elevated in PE and in CV Hx NT and PE recipients. Interestingly, recipients of T cells from PE patients wi
目的 子痫前期（PE）与妊娠期高血压（HTN）、活化的 CD4+ T 细胞、炎症细胞因子和血管紧张素 II I 型受体（AT1-AA）自身抗体有关。妊娠期患 COVID-19 （CV）与 PE 类表型的发病率增加有关。PE 和 CV 都会对神经系统产生长期影响，研究表明，非妊娠 COVID 患者会产生 AT1-AA。我们已经证明，来自 PE 妇女的 CD4+ T 细胞会导致裸体无胸腺大鼠出现 PE 表型。在本研究中，我们试图研究有 CV 病史（Hx）的 PE 患者的 CD4+ T 细胞在导致 PE 表型中的作用，并确定 CD4+ T 细胞在妊娠期认知功能障碍中的重要性。 方法 在分娩时收集血液和胎盘，分离、纯化和注射一百万个来自每个 PE 和每个正常血压患者（妊娠期间有（NT）或无（NP）CV（Hx））的胎盘 CD4+ T 细胞到妊娠日（GD）12 的妊娠裸大鼠体内（每个患者/大鼠一只）。在 GD19 时，对受体大鼠的血压（MAP）和循环因子进行评估。认知功能和记忆分别通过新物体识别和巴恩斯迷宫测试进行评估。对 COVID Hx 患者的胎盘 ACE-2 活性和 AT1-AA 进行了测量。统计分析采用单因素或双因素方差分析，并进行 Bonferroni 多重比较检验。 结果 与 NT 患者相比，伴有或不伴有 COVID 的 PE 患者血压升高。无论是否患有 COVID，PE 患者的胎盘 ACE 活性均无明显变化。与对照 NP 相比，PE 患者以及 PE 和 NT COVID Hx 患者的 AT1-AA 均升高。在妊娠受体大鼠中，与CV Hx NT（101 ± 5，n = 6）相比，CV Hx PE（113 ± 2，n = 8）的MAP增加。与对照组相比，PE 和 PE CV Hx CD4+ T 细胞受体大鼠表现出记忆力减退和认知功能障碍（p < 0.05）。与NT CV Hx受体相比，PE CV Hx CD4+ T细胞受体大鼠的AT1-AA升高。与 NP 相比，COVID Hx 组和 PE CD4+ T 细胞受体的 TNF α 均升高。 结论 我们的研究结果表明，无论是否患有 PE，妊娠期患有 COVID 的孕妇都会产生 AT1-AA。无论是否在妊娠期间患过CVID，接受来自PE的CD4+T细胞都会导致高血压和AT1-AA升高。TNF-α在PE、CV Hx NT和PE受体中均升高。有趣的是，与 NP CD4+ T 细胞的受体大鼠相比，有或没有 CV Hx 的 PE 患者的 T 细胞受体在妊娠期间的认知功能更差。这些数据证明了 CD4+ T 细胞在高血压和 PE 期间神经功能受损中的重要性，无论是否在妊娠期间感染过 COVID-19。
{"title":"Hypertension and Cognitive Dysfunction in a Pregnant Rat Model of PE; a Role for CD4+ T Cells","authors":"Evangeline Deer, Owen Herrock, Kimberly Simmons, Nathan Campbell, Lorena Amaral, Baoying Zheng, Rachael Morris, Kedra Wallace, ELizabeth Hawthorne Cleveland, Sheila Belk, Cameronne Dodd, Babbette LaMarca","doi":"10.1111/aji.13935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.13935","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with hypertension (HTN) during pregnancy and activated CD4+ T cells, inflammatory cytokines, and autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1-AA). Having had COVID-19 (CV) during pregnancy is associated with an increased incidence of a PE-like phenotype. Both PE and CV have long-lasting neurological implications and studies show that nonpregnant COVID patients produce AT1-AA. We have shown that CD4+ T cells from PE women cause a PE phenotype in nude athymic rats. In this study, we sought to examine the role of CD4+ T cells from PE with a CV History (Hx) to contribute to a PE phenotype and to determine the importance of CD4+ T cells in cognitive dysfunction during pregnancy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At delivery, blood and placentas were collected, and one million placental CD4+ T cells from each PE and each normotensive patient, with (NT) or without (NP) a CV (Hx) during pregnancy, were isolated, purified, and injected i.p. into a gestational day (GD) 12 pregnant nude athymic rat (one patient/rat). At GD19, blood pressure (MAP) and circulating factors were assessed in recipient rats. Cognitive function and memory were assessed using Novel Object Recognition and Barnes Maze tests, respectively. Placental ACE-2 activity and AT1-AA were measured from COVID Hx patients. A one- or two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test was used for statistical analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Blood pressure was increased in patients with PE, with or without COVID, compared to NT patients. There were no significant changes in placental ACE activity in patients with COVID Hx with or without PE. AT1-AA was elevated in PE patients and in both PE and NT COVID Hx compared to control NP. In pregnant recipient rats, MAP increased in CV Hx PE (113 ± 2, <i>n</i> = 8) compared to CV Hx NT (101 ± 5, <i>n</i> = 6). PE and PE CV Hx CD4+ T Cell recipient rats exhibited impaired memory and cognitive dysfunction (<i>p</i> < 0.05), compared to control groups. Recipient rats of PE CV Hx CD4+ T cells had elevated AT1-AA compared to NT CV Hx recipients. Both COVID Hx groups and recipients of PE CD4+ T cells had elevated TNF alpha compared to NP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings indicate that pregnant patients with a Hx of COVID during pregnancy produce AT1-AA, with or without PE. Recipients of CD4+ T cells from PE with or without a CV Hx during pregnancy cause HTN and elevated AT1-AA. TNF-α is elevated in PE and in CV Hx NT and PE recipients. Interestingly, recipients of T cells from PE patients wi","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"92 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To identify the predictive factors for the recurrence of chronic endometritis (CE) in infertile women.
Method of study
In this case-control study, 1170 infertile women recovered from CE and underwent fertility treatment between December 2018 and August 2021. Among the 146 women (12.5%) who did not conceive or experienced pregnancy loss in 18 months after CE recovery, 105 consecutive women who underwent repeat endometrial biopsy for CD138 immunostaining and endometrial bacterial culturing were recruited. Thereafter, patients with and without CE recurrence were compared.
Results
The total recurrence rate of CE was 29.5% (31 women). Multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine predictive factors for CE recurrence revealed that hysteroscopic surgery (odds ratio [OR], 0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02–0.56; p = 0.0009) and pregnancy loss (OR, 4.13; 95% CI, 1.31–13.05; p = 0.016) were significantly associated with decreased and increased CE recurrence rates, respectively. Also, reexamination with CD138 immunostaining after 16–18 months (OR, 9.75; 95% CI, 1.47–64.64; p = 0.024) was significantly associated with increased CE recurrence rates. Among 49 patients without a history of pregnancy loss, the cumulative CE recurrence rates after 6, 12, and 18 months were 5.6%, 13.5%, and 20.4%, respectively.
Conclusions
We recommend reexamination with endometrial CD138 immunostaining in patients with pregnancy loss or long-term infertility during fertility treatment. Hysteroscopic surgery without antibiotic therapy for CE associated with intrauterine abnormalities is also recommended.
问题 找出不孕妇女慢性子宫内膜炎（CE）复发的预测因素。 研究方法 在这项病例对照研究中，1170名不孕妇女在2018年12月至2021年8月期间从CE中康复并接受了生育治疗。在146名（12.5%）CE康复后18个月内未怀孕或出现妊娠失败的女性中，招募了105名连续接受重复子宫内膜活检以进行CD138免疫染色和子宫内膜细菌培养的女性。之后，对 CE 复发和未复发的患者进行比较。 结果 CE总复发率为29.5%（31名女性）。为确定 CE 复发的预测因素而进行的多变量逻辑回归分析表明，宫腔镜手术（几率比 [OR]，0.10；95% 置信区间 [CI]，0.02-0.56；P = 0.0009）和妊娠失败（OR，4.13；95% CI，1.31-13.05；P = 0.016）分别与 CE 复发率的降低和升高显著相关。此外，16-18 个月后再次进行 CD138 免疫染色检查（OR，9.75；95% CI，1.47-64.64；p = 0.024）与 CE 复发率的增加有明显相关性。在 49 名无妊娠失败史的患者中，6、12 和 18 个月后的 CE 复发率分别为 5.6%、13.5% 和 20.4%。 结论 我们建议在不孕治疗期间对妊娠失败或长期不孕患者进行子宫内膜 CD138 免疫染色复查。对于与宫内畸形相关的 CE，我们还建议进行宫腔镜手术，但无需抗生素治疗。
{"title":"Analysis of the Predictive Factors for Chronic Endometritis Recurrence in Infertile Women","authors":"Keisuke Shiobara, Keiji Kuroda, Shunsuke Ishiyama, Kazuki Nakao, Azusa Moriyama, Takashi Horikawa, Satoru Takamizawa, Shuko Nojiri, Koji Nakagawa, Rikikazu Sugiyama","doi":"10.1111/aji.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify the predictive factors for the recurrence of chronic endometritis (CE) in infertile women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method of study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this case-control study, 1170 infertile women recovered from CE and underwent fertility treatment between December 2018 and August 2021. Among the 146 women (12.5%) who did not conceive or experienced pregnancy loss in 18 months after CE recovery, 105 consecutive women who underwent repeat endometrial biopsy for CD138 immunostaining and endometrial bacterial culturing were recruited. Thereafter, patients with and without CE recurrence were compared.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The total recurrence rate of CE was 29.5% (31 women). Multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine predictive factors for CE recurrence revealed that hysteroscopic surgery (odds ratio [OR], 0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02–0.56; <i>p</i> = 0.0009) and pregnancy loss (OR, 4.13; 95% CI, 1.31–13.05; <i>p</i> = 0.016) were significantly associated with decreased and increased CE recurrence rates, respectively. Also, reexamination with CD138 immunostaining after 16–18 months (OR, 9.75; 95% CI, 1.47–64.64; <i>p</i> = 0.024) was significantly associated with increased CE recurrence rates. Among 49 patients without a history of pregnancy loss, the cumulative CE recurrence rates after 6, 12, and 18 months were 5.6%, 13.5%, and 20.4%, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We recommend reexamination with endometrial CD138 immunostaining in patients with pregnancy loss or long-term infertility during fertility treatment. Hysteroscopic surgery without antibiotic therapy for CE associated with intrauterine abnormalities is also recommended.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"92 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adaeze P. Uchendu, Eric K. Omogbai, Philip A. Obarisiagbon, Uyi G. Omogiade, Enitome E. Bafor
Problem
Preterm birth (PTB) is a significant cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the effectiveness of progesterone (P4) which is clinically used for PTB management remains controversial and necessitates research into new therapeutic options
Method of Study
In the current study, we investigated the effectiveness of two chlorophyll derivatives, pheophorbide a (PBa) and pheophytin a (PTa), in counteracting PTB. Timed-pregnant mice (gestation day 17 ± 0.5) received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (25 µg/mouse) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) intraperitoneally, with PBa, PTa, progesterone (P4), and co-administration of P4 and ibuprofen (IBP), administered orally 2 h prior.
Results
The LPS group experienced PTB and 100% fetal mortality, whereas the PBa and PTa groups showed a delayed onset of LPS-induced PTB, with significantly decreased PTB rate and fetal mortality. In addition, PBa and PTa suppressed LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB transcription factor while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines in the placenta and uterus.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that the chlorophyll derivatives, PBa and PTa increase fetal survival in infection-induced PTB and demonstrate greater efficacy than P4 in preventing PTB.
{"title":"Chlorophyll Derivatives Exert Greater Potency Over Progesterone in the Prevention of Infection-Induced Preterm Birth in Murine Models","authors":"Adaeze P. Uchendu, Eric K. Omogbai, Philip A. Obarisiagbon, Uyi G. Omogiade, Enitome E. Bafor","doi":"10.1111/aji.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Preterm birth (PTB) is a significant cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the effectiveness of progesterone (P4) which is clinically used for PTB management remains controversial and necessitates research into new therapeutic options</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method of Study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the current study, we investigated the effectiveness of two chlorophyll derivatives, pheophorbide a (PBa) and pheophytin a (PTa), in counteracting PTB. Timed-pregnant mice (gestation day 17 ± 0.5) received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (25 µg/mouse) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) intraperitoneally, with PBa, PTa, progesterone (P4), and co-administration of P4 and ibuprofen (IBP), administered orally 2 h prior.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The LPS group experienced PTB and 100% fetal mortality, whereas the PBa and PTa groups showed a delayed onset of LPS-induced PTB, with significantly decreased PTB rate and fetal mortality. In addition, PBa and PTa suppressed LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB transcription factor while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines in the placenta and uterus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings indicate that the chlorophyll derivatives, PBa and PTa increase fetal survival in infection-induced PTB and demonstrate greater efficacy than P4 in preventing PTB.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"92 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pregnancy complications such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and preterm birth persist, despite current interventions aimed at their prevention and treatment largely proving unsuccessful. Interleukin-27 (IL-27), composed of p28 and EBI3 subunits, binds to IL-27R, which consists of gp130 and IL-27Rα (also known as WSX-1 or TCCR), and plays a pivotal role in tumor development and inflammation regulation. At the maternal-fetal interface, IL-27 expression has been detected in trophoblasts, endometrial stromal cells, and decidual cells. Abnormal levels of IL-27/IL-27R have been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including spontaneous miscarriage, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. This review aims to explore the expression of IL-27 at the maternal-fetal interface and its signaling pathway, uncovering the complex role of IL-27 in pregnancy complications.
Method of Study
A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases, analyzing studies on IL-27 expression and its signaling pathways at the maternal-fetal interface. The review focused on identifying the presence of IL-27 in various cell types and linking abnormal IL-27/IL-27R expression to pregnancy complications such as spontaneous miscarriage, preeclampsia, and preterm birth.
Discussion and Conclusion
IL-27 plays a complex role at the maternal-fetal interface, with abnormal expression linked to several pregnancy complications. These findings highlight the need for further research to elucidate IL-27's mechanisms and develop targeted interventions. Future studies should aim to develop targeted interventions and improve therapeutic strategies for managing pregnancy complications.
{"title":"Emerging Roles of IL-27 in Trophoblast Cells and Pregnancy Complications","authors":"Yi-Hua Luo, Yang-Yang Zhang, Ming-Qing Li, Xin-Yan Zhang, Zi-Meng Zheng","doi":"10.1111/aji.13942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.13942","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pregnancy complications such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and preterm birth persist, despite current interventions aimed at their prevention and treatment largely proving unsuccessful. Interleukin-27 (IL-27), composed of p28 and EBI3 subunits, binds to IL-27R, which consists of gp130 and IL-27Rα (also known as WSX-1 or TCCR), and plays a pivotal role in tumor development and inflammation regulation. At the maternal-fetal interface, IL-27 expression has been detected in trophoblasts, endometrial stromal cells, and decidual cells. Abnormal levels of IL-27/IL-27R have been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including spontaneous miscarriage, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. This review aims to explore the expression of IL-27 at the maternal-fetal interface and its signaling pathway, uncovering the complex role of IL-27 in pregnancy complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method of Study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases, analyzing studies on IL-27 expression and its signaling pathways at the maternal-fetal interface. The review focused on identifying the presence of IL-27 in various cell types and linking abnormal IL-27/IL-27R expression to pregnancy complications such as spontaneous miscarriage, preeclampsia, and preterm birth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>IL-27 plays a complex role at the maternal-fetal interface, with abnormal expression linked to several pregnancy complications. These findings highlight the need for further research to elucidate IL-27's mechanisms and develop targeted interventions. Future studies should aim to develop targeted interventions and improve therapeutic strategies for managing pregnancy complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"92 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Can Ozan Ulusoy, Ahmet Kurt, Zeynep Seyhanli, Burak Hizli, Mevlut Bucak, Recep Taha Agaoglu, Yüksel Oguz, Kadriye Yakut Yucel
Objectives
This study evaluates the association of novel inflammatory markers and Doppler parameters in late-onset FGR (fetal growth restriction), utilizing a machine-learning approach to enhance predictive accuracy.
Materials and Methods
A retrospective case–control study was conducted at the Department of Perinatology, Ministry of Health Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, from 2023 to 2024. The study included 240 patients between 32 and 37 weeks of gestation, divided equally between patients diagnosed with late-onset FGR and a control group. We focused on novel inflammatory markers—systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and neutrophil-percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR)—and their correlation with Doppler parameters of umbilical and uterine arteries. Machine-learning algorithms were employed to analyze the data collected, including demographic, neonatal, and clinical parameters, to develop a predictive model for FGR.
Results
The machine-learning model, specifically the Random Forest algorithm, effectively integrated the inflammatory markers with Doppler parameters to predict FGR. NPAR showed a significant correlation with FGR presence, providing a robust tool in the predictive model (Accuracy 77%, area under the curve [AUC] 0.851). In contrast, SII and SIRI, while useful, did not achieve the same level of predictive accuracy (Accuracy 75% AUC 0.818 and Accuracy 73% AUC 0.793, respectively). The model highlighted the potential of combining ultrasound measurements with inflammatory markers to improve diagnostic accuracy for late-onset FGR.
Conclusions
This study illustrates the efficacy of integrating machines with traditional diagnostic methods to enhance the prediction of late-onset FGR. Further research with a larger cohort is recommended to validate these findings and refine the predictive model, which could lead to improved clinical outcomes for affected pregnancies.
{"title":"Role of Inflammatory Markers and Doppler Parameters in Late-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction: A Machine-Learning Approach","authors":"Can Ozan Ulusoy, Ahmet Kurt, Zeynep Seyhanli, Burak Hizli, Mevlut Bucak, Recep Taha Agaoglu, Yüksel Oguz, Kadriye Yakut Yucel","doi":"10.1111/aji.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluates the association of novel inflammatory markers and Doppler parameters in late-onset FGR (fetal growth restriction), utilizing a machine-learning approach to enhance predictive accuracy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective case–control study was conducted at the Department of Perinatology, Ministry of Health Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, from 2023 to 2024. The study included 240 patients between 32 and 37 weeks of gestation, divided equally between patients diagnosed with late-onset FGR and a control group. We focused on novel inflammatory markers—systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and neutrophil-percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR)—and their correlation with Doppler parameters of umbilical and uterine arteries. Machine-learning algorithms were employed to analyze the data collected, including demographic, neonatal, and clinical parameters, to develop a predictive model for FGR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The machine-learning model, specifically the Random Forest algorithm, effectively integrated the inflammatory markers with Doppler parameters to predict FGR. NPAR showed a significant correlation with FGR presence, providing a robust tool in the predictive model (Accuracy 77%, area under the curve [AUC] 0.851). In contrast, SII and SIRI, while useful, did not achieve the same level of predictive accuracy (Accuracy 75% AUC 0.818 and Accuracy 73% AUC 0.793, respectively). The model highlighted the potential of combining ultrasound measurements with inflammatory markers to improve diagnostic accuracy for late-onset FGR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study illustrates the efficacy of integrating machines with traditional diagnostic methods to enhance the prediction of late-onset FGR. Further research with a larger cohort is recommended to validate these findings and refine the predictive model, which could lead to improved clinical outcomes for affected pregnancies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06372938</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"92 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna M. Powell, Jessica Weng, Brittany R. Jones, Lauren Hesse, Ann Johnson, Elizabeth A. Bonney, Indira U. Mysorekar
{"title":"Empowering Reproductive Healthcare: Reflections and Calls to Action From the 2024 American Society of Reproductive Immunology (ASRI) Meeting Policy Advocacy Session","authors":"Anna M. Powell, Jessica Weng, Brittany R. Jones, Lauren Hesse, Ann Johnson, Elizabeth A. Bonney, Indira U. Mysorekar","doi":"10.1111/aji.13943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.13943","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"92 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teresa Chou, Karolina J. Senkow, Megan B. Nguyen, Payal V. Patel, Kirtana Sandepudi, Lee A. Cooper, Jeffery A. Goldstein
Problem
The placental membranes are a key barrier to fetal and uterine infection. Inflammation of the membranes, diagnosed as maternal inflammatory response (MIR) or alternatively as acute chorioamnionitis, is associated with adverse maternal-fetal outcomes. MIR is staged 1–3, with higher stages indicating more hazardous inflammation. However, the diagnosis relies upon subjective evaluation and has not been deeply characterized. The goal of this work is to develop a cell classifier for eight placental membrane cells and quantitatively characterize MIR1–2.
Method of Study
Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained placental membrane slides were digitized. A convolutional neural network was trained on a dataset of hand-annotated and machine learning-identified cells. Overall cell class-level metrics were calculated. The model was applied to 20 control, 20 MIR1, and 23 MIR2 placental membrane cases. MIR cell composition and neutrophil distribution were assessed via density and Ripley's cross K-function. Clinical data were compared to neutrophil density and distribution.
Results
The classification model achieved a test-set accuracy of 0.845, with high precision and recall for amniocytes, decidual cells, endothelial cells, and trophoblasts. Using this model to classify 53 073 cells from healthy and MIR1–2 placental membranes, we found that (1) MIR1–2 have higher neutrophil density and fewer decidual cells and trophoblasts, (2) Neutrophils colocalize heavily around decidual cells in healthy placental membranes and around trophoblasts in MIR1, (3) Neutrophil density impacts distribution in MIR, and (4) Neutrophil metrics correlate with features of clinical chorioamnionitis.
Conclusions
This paper introduces cell classification into the placental membranes and quantifies cell composition and neutrophil spatial distributions in MIR.
{"title":"Quantitative Modeling to Characterize Maternal Inflammatory Response of Histologic Chorioamnionitis in Placental Membranes","authors":"Teresa Chou, Karolina J. Senkow, Megan B. Nguyen, Payal V. Patel, Kirtana Sandepudi, Lee A. Cooper, Jeffery A. Goldstein","doi":"10.1111/aji.13944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.13944","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The placental membranes are a key barrier to fetal and uterine infection. Inflammation of the membranes, diagnosed as maternal inflammatory response (MIR) or alternatively as acute chorioamnionitis, is associated with adverse maternal-fetal outcomes. MIR is staged 1–3, with higher stages indicating more hazardous inflammation. However, the diagnosis relies upon subjective evaluation and has not been deeply characterized. The goal of this work is to develop a cell classifier for eight placental membrane cells and quantitatively characterize MIR1–2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method of Study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained placental membrane slides were digitized. A convolutional neural network was trained on a dataset of hand-annotated and machine learning-identified cells. Overall cell class-level metrics were calculated. The model was applied to 20 control, 20 MIR1, and 23 MIR2 placental membrane cases. MIR cell composition and neutrophil distribution were assessed via density and Ripley's cross <i>K</i>-function. Clinical data were compared to neutrophil density and distribution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The classification model achieved a test-set accuracy of 0.845, with high precision and recall for amniocytes, decidual cells, endothelial cells, and trophoblasts. Using this model to classify 53 073 cells from healthy and MIR1–2 placental membranes, we found that (1) MIR1–2 have higher neutrophil density and fewer decidual cells and trophoblasts, (2) Neutrophils colocalize heavily around decidual cells in healthy placental membranes and around trophoblasts in MIR1, (3) Neutrophil density impacts distribution in MIR, and (4) Neutrophil metrics correlate with features of clinical chorioamnionitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper introduces cell classification into the placental membranes and quantifies cell composition and neutrophil spatial distributions in MIR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"92 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uterine contractions signal labor onset, with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines playing a pivotal role. Prior studies have explored their effects on prostaglandins, oxytocin, and signaling pathways, but have overlooked their direct effects on uterine contractions. Here, we aim to investigate the direct effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on contractions to ascertain if they have immediate observable effects like those reported for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other effects.
Method of Study
Tension recordings were used to assess the direct effects of cytokines and/or LPS on mouse uterine contractions. Calcium imaging was employed to observe calcium oscillations in cytokine-pretreated myometrial smooth muscle cells (MSMCs) in response to oxytocin. The release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from uterine explants after LPS and/or cytokines application was investigated using Luminex.
Results
IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α rapidly enhanced contractions of term pregnant mouse uterus. LPS combined with TNF-α intensified contractions compared to LPS alone, although this effect was not statistically significant in our results (p > 0.050). Pretreatment of MSMCs with IL-1β, IL-6, or TNF-α increased calcium oscillations in response to oxytocin. LPS and/or cytokine significantly stimulated the release of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) from uterine explants in vitro.
Conclusions
Inflammatory cytokines have short-term and long-term effects on mouse uterine contractions, which together contribute to progressively stronger contractions during labor.
{"title":"Direct Effects of Inflammatory Cytokines on Mouse Uterine Contraction","authors":"Junjie Bao, Caihan Zhao, Xiaodi Wang, Shiyun Liu, Lele Wang, Yong Zou, Huishu Liu","doi":"10.1111/aji.13938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.13938","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Uterine contractions signal labor onset, with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines playing a pivotal role. Prior studies have explored their effects on prostaglandins, oxytocin, and signaling pathways, but have overlooked their direct effects on uterine contractions. Here, we aim to investigate the direct effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on contractions to ascertain if they have immediate observable effects like those reported for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method of Study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tension recordings were used to assess the direct effects of cytokines and/or LPS on mouse uterine contractions. Calcium imaging was employed to observe calcium oscillations in cytokine-pretreated myometrial smooth muscle cells (MSMCs) in response to oxytocin. The release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from uterine explants after LPS and/or cytokines application was investigated using Luminex.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α rapidly enhanced contractions of term pregnant mouse uterus. LPS combined with TNF-α intensified contractions compared to LPS alone, although this effect was not statistically significant in our results (<i>p</i> > 0.050). Pretreatment of MSMCs with IL-1β, IL-6, or TNF-α increased calcium oscillations in response to oxytocin. LPS and/or cytokine significantly stimulated the release of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) from uterine explants in vitro.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inflammatory cytokines have short-term and long-term effects on mouse uterine contractions, which together contribute to progressively stronger contractions during labor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"92 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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