American Journal of Reproductive Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Anti-Endometrial Antibodies on IVF Implantation and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Xiaoxuan Yang,&nbsp;Yan Su,&nbsp;Yaping Guo,&nbsp;Mianqiu Zhang,&nbsp;Juan Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaojing Hou,&nbsp;Shuangshuang Zhao,&nbsp;Huiqing An,&nbsp;Xiufeng Ling,&nbsp;Rong Shen","doi":"10.1111/aji.70202","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70202","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problems</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the impact of anti-endometrial antibodies (EMAb) on pregnancy outcomes in infertile patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and to assess the potential value of personalized treatment strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method of Study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 47 EMAb-positive and 166 EMAb-negative oocyte retrieval cycles were retrospectively included following propensity score matching (PSM) to control for basic clinical characteristics influencing pregnancy outcomes. The two groups were compared in terms of various aspects closely associated with IVF outcomes. Pregnancy outcomes were assessed based on implantation, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and ongoing pregnancy rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding infertility-related clinical characteristics, oocyte- and embryo-related indicators, endometriosis incidence, and so forth. Compared with the EMAb-negative group, the implantation rate in the EMAb-positive group was lower by 10.3 percentage points (<i>p</i> = 0.047), whereas the 8.2-point lower clinical pregnancy rate did not reach statistical significance (<i>p</i> = 0.234). There were no significant differences in ongoing pregnancy and miscarriage rates between the two groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study observed that the presence of EMAb was associated with less favorable IVF outcomes, primarily reflected in lower implantation and clinical pregnancy rates. However, once the implantation was successful, the risk of miscarriage did not increase. These findings suggest a potential role for EMAb screening in guiding personalized treatment strategies, such as increasing the number of embryos transferred or using immunosuppressive agents, to improve IVF outcomes. Future research should involve more extensive and diverse populations to explore the mechanisms of action of EMAb and their impact on IVF treatment outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145931425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indications for Performing the APCA Test in Female Infertility","authors":"Mojtaba Aghaei,&nbsp;Mehdi Torabizadeh,&nbsp;Mohammad Amin Vahid,&nbsp;Najmaldin Saki","doi":"10.1111/aji.70206","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145909878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Subtype Analysis of Lipid Metabolism-Related Diagnostic Biomarkers for Endometriosis Based on WGCNA and Machine Learning","authors":"Yingyi Guo,&nbsp;Yue Hou,&nbsp;Jinshuang Wu,&nbsp;Ning Lou,&nbsp;Dongxia Yang","doi":"10.1111/aji.70201","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70201","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Endometriosis (EM), a disorder driven by persistent systemic inflammation, impacts around 10% of women in their reproductive period, often diagnosed only via surgery. Metabolic alterations, particularly in lipid metabolism, may uncover novel biomarkers. We aimed to identify diagnostic markers and molecular subtypes by integrating lipid metabolism gene expression and machine learning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We downloaded gene expression datasets (GSE51981 and GSE7305) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differential expression was analyzed using limma (|log₂FC| &gt; 1, <i>p</i>.adj &lt; 0.05); intersected with lipid genes to yield candidate genes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) demonstrated endometriosis-connected gene modules. Integrating lipid metabolism-related differentially expressed genes with WGCNA hub genes, followed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and XGBoost machine learning, identified diagnostic biomarkers. Their performance was validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in an independent dataset. Immune infiltration, including CIBERSORT and single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF)-based subtype analyses were performed. MicroRNA (miRNA) and transcription factor (TF) regulatory networks were constructed using online databases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified 106 lipid metabolism-related differential genes. WGCNA revealed the turquoise module strongly correlated with endometriosis. ELOVL6 and MED20 were identified as key genes through machine learning algorithms. The two key genes emerged as robust diagnostic biomarkers, showing high area under the ROC curves (AUCs) across both training and validation sets. Immune infiltration analysis revealed distinct immune cell patterns in endometriosis, with ELOVL6 and MED20 correlating with specific immune cells. Subtype analysis, based on lipid metabolism scores, stratified patients into high and low score groups with differential gene expression and immune cell infiltration. Regulatory networks identified miRNAs and TFs targeting ELOVL6 and MED20.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study identified ELOVL6 and MED20 as promising lipid metabolism-related diagnostic biomarkers for endometriosis. We also uncovered distinct molecular subtypes linked to lipid metabolism, providing novel insights into endometriosis heterogeneity and potential therapeutic targets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145809213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological and Coagulation Predictors of Subchorionic Hematoma in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Predictive Modeling Approach","authors":"Xue Wei,&nbsp;Cai Liu,&nbsp;Weijing Wang,&nbsp;Lu Jiang,&nbsp;Fang Wang","doi":"10.1111/aji.70200","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70200","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Subchorionic hematoma (SCH) is a common complication in early pregnancy, particularly in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, reliable predictive tools for SCH in this high-risk group are lacking. The aim of this study was to identify coagulation and immune-related predictors associated with SCH in women with RPL and to construct a predictive model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method of Study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective analysis was performed on 1002 patients with RPL in the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University. Clinical data, coagulation indicators, thromboelastography (TEG), and immunity indicators were collected. Predictors were selected via LASSO and logistic regression, and a LightGBM model was developed and validated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eleven predictors were included in the final model: age, BMI, previous pregnancy losses, TEG-lysis index at 30 min, TEG- maximum amplitude, serum immunoglobulins IgG, complement C3, antiβ2 glycoprotein 1 antibody, rheumatoid factor IgM and interleukin-2/interleukin-6, interferon-γ/interleukin-6. The model demonstrated moderate and stable discrimination with AUCs of 0.745, 0.653, and 0.647 in the training, internal, and external validation sets, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The model effectively identifies SCH risk in RPL patients and informs individualized monitoring and early intervention strategies in clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abandoning Reproductive Science Betrays Us All","authors":"Jessica Weng,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Wayland,&nbsp;Indira U. Mysorekar,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Bonney","doi":"10.1111/aji.70199","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV-Exposed Seronegative Female Sex Workers Show Different Cellular Immune Profiles Across the Menstrual Cycle","authors":"Monika M. Kowatsch,&nbsp;Kenneth Omollo,&nbsp;Frideborg Bradley,&nbsp;Anna Månberg,&nbsp;Peter Nilsson,&nbsp;Sofia Bergström,&nbsp;Julius Oyugi,&nbsp;Joshua Kimani,&nbsp;Kristina Broliden,&nbsp;Keith R. Fowke,&nbsp;Julie Lajoie","doi":"10.1111/aji.70198","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70198","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Female sex workers (FSWs) are at higher risk of acquiring HIV. Interestingly, some FSWs who are highly exposed remain seronegative for HIV (HESN). This natural resistance to HIV infection has been attributed to an immune quiescence (IQ) phenotype. Our study investigates how the menstrual cycle phases (follicular and luteal) impact the immune responses in Kenyan FSWs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is a part of the Longitudinal Assessment of Mucosal Immune Quiescence study (LAMIQ), 48 FSWs not living with HIV and not using hormonal contraception were followed for a menstrual cycle and divided into two groups based on duration of sex work: New Negative (NN) with 3 years or less and HESN with at least 7 years of involvement in sex work. We obtained blood and cervicovaginal samples and measured sex hormone, cytokine, and chemokine levels, and blood and endocervical T-cell and NK-cell phenotypes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We observed differences in how the immune response of NN and HESN responds to sex hormones. Indeed, the level of mucosal Annexin A3 measured was higher during the luteal phase in HESN, which was not observed in NN. HESN exhibited a higher CD39 expression on their Treg during the luteal phase, while maintaining CTLA-4 expression compared to NN. Furthermore, in HESN, NK cell activation varied across the menstrual cycle phases. They had a higher expression of NKG2D and an increase in the cluster of CD95+ HLA-DR+ NK cells during the follicular phase. This suggests stronger innate immune activation in HESN during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our data indicate that, in HESN, there is a modulation of the immune response based on the menstrual cycle, which potentially limits the availability of HIV target cells at the female genital tract during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (window of susceptibility).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12716113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles for the Maintenance of Pregnancies in Situations of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion: Scoping Review","authors":"Marcelo Garrido,&nbsp;Francisco Monico Moreira,&nbsp;Luis Antonio Gilberti Panucci,&nbsp;Graziela Garrido Mori","doi":"10.1111/aji.70197","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70197","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given the immune system's role in pregnancy, the immunomodulation generated by the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been considered a possible treatment in situations of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Thus, this study evaluated, through a scoping review, the applicability of extracellular vesicle therapies for immunomodulation in maintaining pregnancies in situations of RSA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was based on the Guidance for Conducting Systematic Scoping Reviews and was registered on the OSF Home platform. A systematic search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases up to June 2025 by two independent reviewers to answer the question addressed in the present review.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 440 articles were analyzed, and after applying the eligibility criteria and excluding duplicate studies, three studies were selected. All three studies showed reduced embryonic absorption, promoting pregnancy maintenance. The EVs were extracted from trophoblasts, decidual stromal cells, or bone marrow stem cells, and administered intravenously, primarily, in dose of 100 or 200 µg. All EVs have immunomodulatory relevance in pregnancy, modifying the lymphocyte and cytokine patterns, and contributing to angiogenesis and trophoblast growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conclude that EVs represent a potential area for the development of future therapies for pregnancies with RSA, and new studies are necessary to confirm these findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arginine Metabolism in Decidual Macrophages During Pregnancy","authors":"Yonghong Zhang,&nbsp;Jie Mei,&nbsp;Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1111/aji.70196","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70196","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maternal immune tolerance to the semi-allogeneic fetus is essential for successful pregnancy, while immune defense against pathogens must be preserved. Decidual macrophages (DMs) are critical regulators at the maternal–fetal interface, involved in trophoblast invasion, vascular remodeling, and immune modulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review integrates findings from human studies, animal models, and in vitro experiments to explore how arginine metabolism regulates macrophage polarization and pregnancy outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Arginine metabolism influences DM function via two major pathways: iNOS promotes M1 polarization and pro-inflammatory activity, while Arg-1 supports M2 polarization, tissue remodeling, and immune tolerance. Dysregulation of this balance is associated with pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Pathogens like <b><i>Helicobacter pylori</i></b> and <b><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i></b> exploit Arg-1 activity to evade host immunity. Clinical studies also suggest that L-arginine supplementation can improve placental function and fetal growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Arginine metabolism is a key modulator of macrophage polarization and immune balance in pregnancy. Targeting this pathway may offer novel therapeutic strategies to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12710148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HLA-G, IL-6 and TGF-β in Seminal Plasma as Potential Biomarkers of ART Outcome","authors":"Andreas Schallmoser,&nbsp;Norah Emrich,&nbsp;Luca Masslow,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Allam,&nbsp;Rebekka Einenkel,&nbsp;Nicole Sänger","doi":"10.1111/aji.70195","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70195","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relationship between the immune system and embryo implantation is intricate and not yet fully understood. Although a genetically normal (euploid) embryo is essential, successful implantation also relies on carefully regulated immune responses that promote tolerance and prevent rejection. The main objective of this study was to examine the paternal levels of the immunoregulatory factors HLA-G, transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß and interleukin (IL)-6 and to investigate possible correlations with other semen parameters, age and pregnancy outcome of the female partner.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seminal plasma samples from 225 men were collected from 2022 to 2025, divided into four groups (live birth, biochemical pregnancy, abortion, no pregnancy) and determined for immunological profiling using commercial HLA-G, TGF-ß and IL-6 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SHLA-G levels were significantly lower in the live birth group compared to biochemical pregnancies (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) non-pregnancies (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and in abortions compared to non-pregnancies (<i>p</i> = 0.004). TGF-β levels were reduced in all pregnancy-related groups versus non-pregnancies (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). IL-6 levels were lower in biochemical pregnancies compared to non-pregnancies (<i>p</i> = 0.017). Absolute HLA-G levels were lower in live births (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and were reduced in abortions (<i>p</i> = 0.004) compared to non-pregnancies. Absolute TGF-ß values were significantly lower in the live birth group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) compared to non-pregnancies. Absolute TGF-β and IL-6 levels were also decreased in biochemical pregnancies compared to non-pregnancies (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.03, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings show that seminal plasma levels of HLA-G, TGF-β and IL-6 differ significantly among pregnancy outcome groups in ART cycles, underlining a potential role of these immunological factors in influencing reproductive success. These results highlight the importance of seminal immunological profiling as a possible predictive tool for ART outcomes and warrant further investigation in larger cohorts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12704035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145755032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Early Pregnancy Isolated Leukocytosis With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes","authors":"Ji Yeon Lee,&nbsp;Hanna Lee,&nbsp;Yeomin E. Kang,&nbsp;Min Jeong Kwak,&nbsp;Nari Kim","doi":"10.1111/aji.70194","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70194","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between first-trimester white blood cell (WBC) levels and adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes, and to identify a WBC threshold linked to poor prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method of Study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of healthy singleton pregnancies delivered between 2014 and 2023. Women with fever at the time of the first-trimester test, infection, or autoimmune diseases were excluded. Participants were categorized into eight groups based on WBC count (7500 to ≥15 000/µL). A high WBC group (≥14 000/µL, <i>n</i> = 258) was compared with a randomly selected control group (<i>n</i> = 516; WBC 7500–9999). Maternal and laboratory data were obtained from medical records. Outcomes included obstetric, perinatal, and neonatal complications. Statistical analyses used Chi-square, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multivariate logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 3895 pregnancies, higher first-trimester WBC counts were associated with increased pre-pregnancy BMI, nulliparity, and in vitro fertilization conception. Groups with elevated WBC counts showed significantly higher risks of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes (GDM), and preterm birth (PTB) before 34 and 36 weeks. Neonatal outcomes, including lower birth weight, higher rates of gestational age (SGA) and neonatal intensive unit (NICU) admission, were also more frequent in higher WBC groups. In a nested case–control analysis, WBC ≥14 000 was independently associated with increased risks of preeclampsia (aOR 3.54), PTB before 34 weeks (aOR 5.65) and 36 weeks (aOR 6.96), SGA (aOR 6.41), and NICU admission (aOR 2.11).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High first-trimester WBC counts (≥14 000/µL) are significantly associated with PTB, preeclampsia, SGA, and NICU admission and may serve as an early clinical predictor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145755035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}