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Monetary Policy and Commercial Banks Profitability in Nigeria 货币政策与尼日利亚商业银行盈利能力
Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.47747/jbm.v1i4.1383
Marshal Iwedi, Egileoniso Daniel James
This study examines the impact of monetary policy on profitability of commercial banks in Nigeria over the period from 1988 to 2021. Data on credit to deposit ratio, return on asset, return on equity, Z-score, money supply, income per head, interest rate, interest spread, and inflation were obtained from the statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) techniques were used to estimate the short and long-term dynamic equilibrium relationship between monetary policy and commercial banks' profitability in Nigeria. The analysis confirms mixed integration through unit root tests, which justifies the use of the ARDL approach for the four baseline models. The estimation results for these models provide evidence of a cointegrating relationship between monetary policy and commercial bank profitability in Nigeria, indicating that all the variables are bound in the long run. Among the indicators of commercial bank profitability, return on asset responds more quickly to changes in monetary policy, compared to return on equity, credit-deposit ratio, and Z-score. The long-term disequilibrium adjustment further supports the presence of a cointegrating relationship among these variables. The estimated level equations demonstrate that money supply and inflation have positive multiplier effects on the bank credit-deposit ratio in the long run. Based on these findings, the study strongly recommends increasing the Z-score of the Nigerian banking sector by reducing the standard deviation of return on asset. The volatility of ROA in the Nigerian banking system contributes to a low Z-score, therefore, bank management teams should strive to maintain relatively stable ROA over time. The government should work on reducing inflation, particularly inflation resulting from reckless spending of public funds, excessive quoting by public officers, and corruption-induced inflation. The interest spread is too wide, and any increase in this margin has a negative impact on return on asset and equity. Accordingly, the study suggests meaningfully shrinking the margin between lending rate and deposit rate, aiming for a one-digit margin. Banks can achieve this by simply reducing lending rates to single digits.
本研究考察了1988年至2021年期间货币政策对尼日利亚商业银行盈利能力的影响。存贷比、资产收益率、净资产收益率、Z-score、货币供应量、人均收入、利率、息差、通货膨胀等数据来源于尼日利亚中央银行统计公报。利用自回归分布滞后(ARDL)技术估计了尼日利亚货币政策与商业银行盈利能力之间的短期和长期动态均衡关系。分析通过单位根测试确认了混合集成,这证明了对四个基线模型使用ARDL方法的合理性。这些模型的估计结果证明了尼日利亚货币政策与商业银行盈利能力之间存在协整关系,表明所有变量在长期内都是绑定的。在商业银行盈利能力的指标中,资产收益率对货币政策变化的反应比净资产收益率、存贷比和Z-score更快。长期非均衡调整进一步支持了这些变量之间协整关系的存在。估计的水平方程表明,长期来看,货币供应量和通货膨胀对银行存贷比具有正乘数效应。基于这些发现,本研究强烈建议通过降低资产收益率的标准差来提高尼日利亚银行业的Z-score。尼日利亚银行体系ROA的波动性导致其Z-score较低,因此,银行管理团队应努力保持长期相对稳定的ROA。政府应该努力降低通货膨胀,特别是由公共资金的乱用、公务员的过度报价、腐败引发的通货膨胀。利差太大,这一利差的任何增加都会对资产和股本回报率产生负面影响。因此,该研究建议有意义地缩小贷款利率和存款利率之间的差额,目标是将差额降至一位数。银行只需将贷款利率降至个位数就能实现这一目标。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Advertising on the Consumer Buying Behaviour of New Products in Ajinomoto Foods Nigeria Limited, Katsina-Nigeria 广告对尼日利亚味之素食品有限公司新产品消费者购买行为的影响
Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.47747/jbm.v1i4.1350
Ahmadu Abubakar, Alexander Achuku
This study explores the effect of advertising on the consumer buying behaviour of new products (Delidawa & Madish) in Ajinomoto Foods Nigeria Limited, using 550 respondents drawn from different streets of Katsina town, Nigeria. The study adopts a cross-sectional survey research design, favouring the collected structured questionnaire at a single point in time. The study employed both descriptive and multiple regression techniques to analyze the data. The main findings of the research reveal that television advertising has a positive and statistically significant effect on consumer buying behaviour; radio advertising has a negative but significant effect on consumer buying behaviour, and outdoor advertising has no significant effect on the consumer buying behaviour of Delidawa and Madish products in the Katsina town. The study concludes that although advertisement mainly, through television, has the potential to create the needed awareness about a product, arouse consumer’s interest, and spark desires, which leads to the ultimate demand for a product, other factors such as elasticity of demand, price, quality of the product, income level and taste among others are also determining factors of the consumer buying behaviour for a product. The study recommends, among others, that Ajinomoto Foods Nigeria Ltd should increase the frequency of the television advertisement as doing so can enhance the consumer buying behaviour of the new products
本研究探讨了广告对消费者新产品购买行为的影响(Delidawa &Madish)在味之素食品尼日利亚有限公司(Ajinomoto Foods Nigeria Limited),使用了来自尼日利亚卡齐纳镇不同街道的550名受访者。本研究采用横断面调查研究设计,倾向于在单一时间点收集结构化问卷。本研究采用描述性和多元回归技术对数据进行分析。研究的主要发现是:电视广告对消费者的购买行为有显著的正向影响;电台广告对消费者购买行为有负向但显著的影响,户外广告对卡齐纳镇Delidawa和Madish产品的消费者购买行为无显著影响。该研究得出结论,尽管广告主要是通过电视,有可能创造出对产品的必要认识,引起消费者的兴趣,激发欲望,从而导致对产品的最终需求,但其他因素,如需求弹性,价格,产品质量,收入水平和品味等也是决定消费者购买行为的因素。该研究建议,除其他外,味之素食品尼日利亚有限公司应该增加电视广告的频率,因为这样做可以提高消费者对新产品的购买行为
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Human Resources Development on the Innovation Capability of SMEs 人力资源开发对中小企业创新能力的影响
Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.47747/jbm.v1i3.1112
Joseph Olubitan, Daniel Alabi, Abiola Idowu
This study researched the effect of Human Resources Development as a means of improving the innovative capability of SMEs. SMEs were observed to be more innovative in their startup stage than in the developing stage (3-6 years old); hence most merged or are completely bought over by matured SMEs. Startups invest in HRD before their launch and thus bring about innovative product(s). The 21st-century business firms thrive and survive on innovation. The survival of any firm in today’s “pro-aggressive” business environment depends on how seriously it adopts an innovative culture as well as on the capability of its employees to innovate. This necessitates understanding the effect that HRD can have on the capability of SMEs to create innovative products. The research was carried out using a questionnaire survey of 50 SMEs. The population is in the Garments, Information Technology, Hospitality, Wood & Leatherworks, and other services sectors in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. While HRD variables were training, training outcomes, and training targets, the innovation capability was measured by innovation potential, innovation cycle, and new product cycle. Findings revealed that HRD plays an essential role in the innovation capability of SMEs. It was also observed that previous education, on-the-job certification, and the innovation cycle significantly affect New Product Development by SMEs.The result implies that HRD components play a pivotal role in innovative product developments by organisations and serve as an impetus to innovative capability for SMEs.
本文研究了人力资源开发作为提高中小企业创新能力手段的作用。中小企业在创业阶段的创新能力高于发展阶段(3-6岁);因此,大多数被合并或完全被成熟的中小企业收购。初创公司在推出产品前投资人力资源开发,从而带来创新产品。21世纪的商业公司靠创新而繁荣和生存。在当今“积极进取”的商业环境中,任何公司的生存都取决于其采用创新文化的认真程度以及员工的创新能力。这就需要了解人力资源开发对中小企业创造创新产品能力的影响。本研究采用问卷调查的方式对50家中小企业进行了调查。人口集中在服装、信息技术、酒店、木材等行业。尼日利亚奥约州伊巴丹的皮革厂和其他服务部门。人力资源开发以培训、培训结果和培训目标为变量,创新能力以创新潜力、创新周期和新产品周期为变量。研究发现,人力资源开发对中小企业的创新能力起着至关重要的作用。以前的教育、在职认证和创新周期显著影响中小企业的新产品开发。结果表明,人力资源开发组件在组织的创新产品开发中发挥关键作用,并作为中小企业创新能力的推动力。
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引用次数: 0
How does the social media platform TikTok influence the intention to buy snacks: An empirical study of the Vietnamese youth generation. 社交媒体平台TikTok如何影响零食购买意愿:对越南年轻一代的实证研究。
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.47747/jbm.v1i3.1230
Thi Huong Tran, The-Bao Luong, Mai Phuong Uyen Ho, Hoang Anh Le, Mai Kim Chi Le
The study was conducted to identify the factors influencing the behaviour of buying street food through TikTok among the young generation in Ho Chi Minh City. Through surveying 459 consumers and filtering the appropriate survey samples for the study, 434 suitable samples were obtained: describing the variables of the scale, testing Cronbach's Alpha, and conducting regression analysis. The factors surveyed showed that five factors affect the behavior of buying snacks and other products through TikTok among the youth: perception of usefulness, credibility, interest, price expectations, and reference group. Therefore, the study also proposes solutions for food businesses on TikTok to attract customers better. At the same time, some solutions for TikTok users to use the application more efficiently are also suggested
该研究旨在确定影响胡志明市年轻一代通过TikTok购买街头食品行为的因素。通过对459名消费者的调查,并筛选合适的调查样本进行研究,得到434个合适的样本:描述量表的变量,检验Cronbach’s Alpha,进行回归分析。调查的因素显示,有五个因素影响年轻人通过TikTok购买零食和其他产品的行为:有用性感知、可信度、兴趣、价格预期和参考群体。因此,该研究还为TikTok上的食品企业提出了更好地吸引顾客的解决方案。同时,也提出了一些解决方案,让TikTok用户更有效地使用该应用程序
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引用次数: 0
Strategi Implementasi Relationship Marketing Melalui Customer Relationship Management 战略实施,关系营销,客户关系管理
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.47134/jobm.v1i1.1
Candra Hariyadi, Luluk Cahyo Wiyono, Geri Barnas Saputra
Penelitian ini menganalisis strategi yang dilakukan dalam implementasi alat CRM untuk manajemen pemasaran hubungan di perusahaan yang menyediakan layanan konsultasi. Untuk metodologi penelitian digunakan pendekatan kualitatif, metode eksplorasi dan analisis data berdasarkan paradigma penelitian interpretatif dengan studi kasus. Data dari setiap fase implementasi dikumpulkan dan dirinci untuk menyusun strategi implementasi untuk menganalisisnya secara individual. Diamati bahwa CRM adalah alat yang ampuh untuk membantu organisasi menghasilkan hubungan yang langgeng dengan pelanggan mereka dan meningkatkan profitabilitas perusahaan melalui retensi pelanggan dan pembelian kembali. Selain itu, diidentifikasi bahwa proses implementasi perlu diselaraskan dengan budaya organisasi, memiliki peran dan atribusi yang didefinisikan pada fase awal.
本研究分析了提供咨询服务的公司关系营销管理的CRM工具实施中的策略。研究方法使用定性方法、探索方法和数据分析方法,基于解释性研究的研究范例。收集到每个实现阶段的数据并详细编写执行策略供个人分析。研究表明,CRM是一种强大的工具,可以帮助组织与客户建立持久的关系,并通过客户保留和回购来提高公司的盈利能力。此外,还认为执行过程需要与组织文化相协调,在早期阶段有明确的作用和属性。
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引用次数: 0
Keselarasan Kewirausahaan dan Pekerjaan dengan Faktor Motivasi Distributor: Analisis Peluang Multi-Level Marketing 创业和职业与分销商动机因素的一致性:多层次传销机会分析
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.47134/jobm.v1i1.2
Mohammad Mirza Pratama, Geri Barnas Saputra
Makalah ini meneliti faktor-faktor motivasi yang mempengaruhi distributor dalam terlibat dengan perusahaan Multi-Level Marketing (MLM). MLM sering dianggap sebagai skema Ponzi, skema piramida, penipuan keuangan, atau rencana kaya ilegal terkait lainnya. Tulisan ini mengkaji pengaruh pemahaman yang baik tentang kualitas dan produk inovatif yang berkaitan dengan kepuasan distributor dalam MLM. Paradigma penelitian deskriptif menggunakan metode quantitative dan convenience sampling digunakan dengan ukuran sampel 200 responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan statistik SPSS 26.0 baik untuk statistik deskriptif maupun regresi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas produk, inovasi, dan metode mengidentifikasi perbedaan antara MLM dan skema Ponzi terungkap sebagai prediktor yang lebih penting sebagai faktor yang berkontribusi atau menentukan motivasi distributor dalam pemasaran multi-level, dan cara bisnis dapat memanfaatkan dorongan ini untuk menarik dan mempertahankan distributor. Studi ini mengungkapkan bahwa MLM telah terbukti menghasilkan lapangan kerja bagi individu, memungkinkan mereka untuk diberdayakan secara finansial dengan memberi mereka sumber pendapatan yang mengurangi kemiskinan.
它研究了影响分销商参与多层次营销公司的动机因素。传销通常被认为是庞氏骗局、传销、金融欺诈或其他相关的非法致富计划。这篇文章探讨了了解MLM分销商满意度的创新产品质量的良好影响。描述性研究范式用使用quantitative和convenience抽样方法200的受访者样本的大小。运用SPSS统计分析数据描述性统计26 . 0有好处和回归。这项研究结果表明,产品质量、创新和方法识别传销的区别和庞氏骗局曝光作为更重要的预测因素的决定性贡献或多层经销商营销中,动机和商务旅行可以利用这些冲动来吸引和留住经销商。研究表明,MLM已经被证明可以为个人提供就业机会,使他们能够通过提供减少贫困的收入来源来获得经济保障。
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引用次数: 0
Pemanfaatan Cloud Kitchen dalam Mengembangkan Model Bisnis Restoran 云厨房在发展餐馆业务模式方面的应用
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.47134/jobm.v1i1.5
Rahmat Dhandy, Ari Kristiningsih, Ridwan Iskandar
Studi kasus ini akan menemukan konsep cloud kitchen dalam hal model bisnis, kelebihan, dan kekurangan serta bagaimana mereka mengoperasikan bisnis mereka dengan tiga konsep berbeda, dan kami menyajikan cerita Kitopi sebagai studi kasus pelopor dalam operasi cloud kitchen. Namun, kami mempertimbangkan perbedaan antara restoran cloud dan restoran biasa untuk menemukan -dari pandangan teoretis- bagaimana kedua ide operasi yang berbeda ini dapat digabungkan bersama dan membuat model bisnis yang unik 'dapur di mana-mana'. Pada akhirnya kami menyajikan masa depan merek makanan, dan bagaimana komunikasi dan media sosial akan mempengaruhi industri ini. Kami menyimpulkan penelitian kami dengan menambahkan beberapa rekomendasi untuk pengusaha yang memiliki restoran tradisional terkemuka dan ingin mengembangkan dan mempertahankan posisi mereka di pasar.
案例研究将在商业模式、盈余和短缺方面找到云厨房的概念,以及它们如何用三个不同的概念来运作,我们将基托皮的故事作为《云厨房行动》的先驱案例研究。然而,我们考虑了云餐厅和普通餐厅之间的差异,以发现这两种不同的经营理念是如何结合在一起的,并创建了一种独特的“无处不在的厨房”业务模式。最终,我们展示了食品品牌的未来,以及沟通和社交媒体将如何影响这个行业。我们的结论是,向拥有一家著名传统餐厅的企业家提出一些建议,他们希望在市场上继续发展和保持自己的地位。
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引用次数: 0
Pengaruh Keterikatan Kecerdasan Kompetitif dalam Organisasi: Pengembangan Kerangka Konseptual 组织中竞争智力的影响:概念框架的发展
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.47134/jobm.v1i1.3
Andarula Galushasti, Bagus Putu Yudhia Kurniawan, Retno Sari Mahanani
Competitive Intelligence membantu organisasi mencapai keunggulan kompetitif ketika ada komitmen dari seluruh organisasi dan jaringan pasokannya untuk mengembangkan wawasan yang dapat ditindaklanjuti untuk mencapai kinerja yang unggul. Namun, tanpa model terintegrasi yang menilai lingkungan internal dan eksternal, sulit bagi organisasi untuk mengantisipasi perubahan di pasar untuk bersaing dan bertahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau literatur saat ini, menganalisis, dan akhirnya mengusulkan model terintegrasi. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif, dan metode penelitian perpustakaan digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi artikel jurnal akademik peer-review dan memastikan keandalan. Metode grounded theory digunakan untuk melakukan analisis model. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar model tidak mengeksploitasi driver dan hasil. Sebagian besar model menunjukkan bahwa sistem dikembangkan untuk menganalisis, mengumpulkan, menangkap, menyimpan, dan menyebarkan informasi tanpa memasukkan faktor organisasi dan pasar yang memengaruhi kualitas dan penggunaan informasi.
竞争情报帮助组织获得竞争优势,同时所有组织和供应商网络都承诺要发展可采取行动的见解,以取得高性能。然而,如果没有衡量内部和外部环境的综合模型,组织很难预测市场的变化,以便竞争和生存。本研究旨在审查当前文献,分析,并最终提出集成模型。该研究是定性的,利用图书馆研究的方法来识别同行评议的学术期刊,并确保其可靠性。基于理论的方法是用来做模型分析的。调查结果表明,大多数模型不利用司机和结果。大多数模型表明,系统是开发出来的,在不考虑影响信息质量和使用的组织和市场因素的情况下分析、收集、捕捉、储存和传播信息。
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引用次数: 0
Dampak dan Strategi Tata Kelola Akademik terhadap Kualitas Kinerja Pendidikan Perguruan Tinggi Swasta 学术治理对私立大学教育质量的影响和战略
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.47134/jobm.v1i1.4
Sukidin Sukidin, Suwignyo Widagdo, Muhammad Sholahuddin Amrulloh
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak tata kelola akademik di perguruan tinggi swasta terhadap kualitas kinerja universitas. Studi ini diterapkan pada perguruan tinggi swasta, yang dibedakan oleh beberapa departemen. Unit inspeksi diwakili oleh anggota staf pengajar dan administrasi di perguruan tinggi yang diteliti, dan jumlah mereka adalah 329 sampel. Pendekatan analitis deskriptif dalam penelitian ini mencapai beberapa hasil dalam penerapan tata kelola akademik di perguruan tinggi swasta, perguruan tinggi yang diteliti bekerja pada pengembangan kemampuan karyawan melalui pembelajaran dan pengetahuan yang tersedia. Serangkaian rekomendasi yang disajikan adalah: Perguruan tinggi swasta harus fokus pada praktik tata kelola akademik karena ini adalah metodologi yang cocok untuk bekerja di lingkungan yang sangat kompetitif, sehingga peluang keunggulan dalam hal kinerja untuk perguruan tinggi ini, bekerja dalam memberikan pengetahuan terintegrasi untuk mencapai kinerja pendidikan yang berkualitas dan sesuai dengan persyaratan pasar tenaga kerja dari berbagai disiplin ilmu.
本研究旨在探讨私立大学学术管理对大学绩效质量的影响。该研究应用于一所私立大学,由几个部门加以区分。检查组由大学教师和行政人员所代表,他们的样本总数为329个。本研究的描述性分析方法在私立大学的学术管理应用中取得了一些成果,这些学院正在研究利用现有的学习和知识来培养员工的能力。提出一系列的建议是:私立大学必须专注于学术治理的做法,因为这是适合在竞争非常激烈的环境中工作的方法论,所以卓越绩效方面的机会这所大学,在工作中给教育综合知识,以达到性能和质量符合要求的不同学科的劳动力市场。
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引用次数: 1
Influencing factors for platform firms price strategy: Take the bankcard platform as examples in China 平台企业价格策略的影响因素——以中国银行卡平台为例
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajbm2022.9431
Wang Na
Taking the Bankcard platforms of 14 Chinese commercial banks from 2001 to 2022 as examples, we have developed an influencing factors model for the price strategy of platform enterprises. The results indicate that the cross-network external strength and unit switching cost of the platform enterprise do not have a significant effect on pricing from the consumer side. However, the endogenous value and unit cost of innovation have a significant impact on the pricing of the platform on the consumer side. Furthermore, the cross-network external strength and unit switching cost have significant effects on pricing from the merchant's (seller's) side, while the endogenous value and unit cost of innovation do not have significant effects on pricing from the merchant's (seller's) side. This paper aims to uncover the pricing factors of platform enterprises and proposes an empirical model that can lead to a better understanding of the pricing strategy of platform enterprises.
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引用次数: 0
期刊
African Journal of Business Management
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