Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Erste Abteilung Originale. Reihe B: Hygiene, Betriebshygiene, praventive Medizin最新文献

The question as to whether passive smoking at the workplace is injurious to health is dealt with. With the aid of the bibliographic standard literature on industrial, social and preventive medicine, all experimental investigations of this subject and published since 1970 were considered. The important results and findings are presented in tabulated surveys broken down by the substances contained in smoke. The present results of investigation are discussed with respect to a practical workplace model whose air-hygienic conditions are determined by legal prescriptions for workplaces. The measured concentrations of the particulate mass and of the most important individual constituents of smoke, carbon monoxide, nicotine and aldehyde make it highly unlikely that passive smoking at the workplace causes injury to health if the prevailing regulations governing the workplace are complied with. Particular attention has to be given to the occupational problems existing in night bars, restaurants and discothecs.

During the year 1977 we examined 2226 samples of swimming pool waters for colony counts, Escherichia coli and coliforms according to the German standards for drinking water. In addition, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated out from 180 of those samples. This microorganism was found in 4.7% of samples from public municipal swimming pools, in 4.1% from swimming pools in schools, in 13.1% from swimming pools in hotels, boarding-houses, hydropathic establishments, sanatoria, blocks of flats and private dwellings as well as in 38% (!) from swimming pools in hospitals. P. aeruginosa could rarely be isolated together with E. coli or coliforms. However, it was often found in samples, which were faultless according to the bacteriological standards for drinking water. Its necessity as an additional important hygienic parameter will be discussed.

The MVA virus is a lab virus ideally suited for vaccination of both man and animal which can be differentiated from the known Vaccinia strains by the use of numerous biological markers. Its reduced virulence for the chick embryo, for experimental animals and for man is a particularly characteristic feature. With the exception of chick embryo fibroblasts, the MVA virus grows in cell cultures only abortively. This applies particularly to cells of human origin in which the cytopathic effect and plaque formation are completely missing. The restriction analysis of the DNS of the MVA virus demonstrates that its genetic structure differs from that of the CVA basic virus and other orthopox viruses. In contrast to the WHO reference strain Elstree, the MVA virus has a genome shortened by about 9 per cent. The use of the MVA virus for human vaccination is particularly indicated in persons to be vaccinated for the first time and likely to entail a risk (on account of allergies etc.) because it brings about a state of revaccination without complications. The MVA virus can be administered in intracutaneous, subcutaneous or intramuscular injections. Innocuoursness and successful vaccination have been demonstrated in more than 120000 persons. While other Vaccinia strains, such as the Elstree virus, experience a drastic increase of virulence in the immunosuppressed organism (subjected to whole-body irradiation), the MVA virus cannot be activated not even in this situation.

Forty commonly used inactivators, both simple substances and mixtures, were tested by a quantitative suspension test for the property of being non-toxic to the bacterial cell. Some inactivators proved to be too inhibitory, even for undamaged organisms, namely cysteine in concentrations of 1.0% and higher, 0.3% and 2.0% lecithin (both especially for P. aeruginosa), and the mixtures 0.3% lecithin/2.0% polysorbate 80/0.1% histidine/2.0% turkey-oil red (for St. aureus) and 0.3% lecithin/3.0% polysorbate 80/0.4% sodium laurylsulfate (for both test organisms).

The paper reports on the inspection of more than 1000 drinking water supply plants with the purpose of determining the content of mercury. The investigations were carried out during the years from 1974 to 1977, and were intended to clarify whether in Styria (Austria), a partly industrialised and partly agricultural area, the ground water is polluted by mercury resulting from the use of mercury-containing plant preservation chemicals, seed dressings and industrial chemicals. The standard of assessment was taken from the German Drinking Water Regulation of 1975 which establishes a max. permissible mercury content of 4 ppb Hg for drinking water. In 70 per cent of the samples no mercury was detected. Of the remaining 30 per cent of the samples, about 90 per cent proved to have mercury below 1 ppb. The remaining water samples contained more than 4 ppb Hg and these values were attributable to geological or civilisatory causes. In two instances it was impossible to determine the origin of the mercury.

This paper provides additional information about the not yet completely solved relation of smoking and lung cancer of group Kreyberg II. This problem was analysed for the first time in Austria. In retrospective case-control-study datas were collected about smoking habits of 494 male patients with verivied lung cancer (440 cases belonging to group Kreyberg I and 54 to group Kreyberg II) and 1000 controls. By a computer program the relative risk of smokers compared to non smokers, additionaly in relation to the amount of cigarettes smoked, was calculated for: all lung cancer types, groups Kreyberg I and Kreyberg II. The relative risk for smokers compared to non smokers was for Kreyberg I-tumours 7.78 and for Kreyberg II-tumours 3.42 (statistically significant). In relation to the amount of cigarettes smoked, Kreyberg I-tumours had a significant risk at an amount up to 5000 consumed cigarette packs, Kreyberg II-tumours at an amount of more than 20000 cigarette packs.

Virological investigations, using poliovirus type I, were carried out on the detection of enterovirus and their persistence in the chemical sludge from a tertiary treatment process, which could be suitable for agricultural and horticultural applications.--A comparison of six eluents showed that tryptose phosphate broth yielded best results allowing approximately 30% overall recovery with the method described. With sludge of low virus content a concentration was possible with alginate filters and the phase separation method.--Examinations on the persistence of poliovirus show that at 5 degrees C and 10 degrees C the inactivation was slow and that virus was detectable over a 15 week period at 5 degrees C.

In the scope of our research about the antimicrobial activity of amin-aldehydecondensates a number of substituted benzaldehyde azomethines was synthesized by condensation of suitable benzaldehydes with primary amines (aminoethanol and n-butylamine). Structures and physical constants are shown in the table 1. The antimicrobial activity is demonstrated by the results of the disk-test (table 2 and 3), of the minimal inhibition concentration test (MIC, table 4) and of the suspension-disinfecting test following the method of the DGHM (table 5). It may be shown that both the germistatic and the germicidal activity depends on the substituents of the aromatic ring. Bactericidal activity show the test compounds mainly versus the gram-negative bacteria.