Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Erste Abteilung Originale. Reihe B: Hygiene, Betriebshygiene, praventive Medizin最新文献

Research of virus in the sea water has been made by the concentrated method of adsorption-elution on glass powder. --This method has enabled us to strike the balance on the concentration of virus in the sea water, from the emission to the bank. The frequency of isolation of virus in the bathing zone considered as healthy is very high. The concentration of virus is practically constant in the length of an axis, 200 m distant in comparison with the bank.--The increase of particles of virus in the sea, in the estuary of the emission, reflects in the same way in the bathing zone, 5 m away from the bank. The phenomenon of dilution of the effluent in the sea water doesn't seem to play a part.

Many problems in bioclimatology require an accurate knowledge of the variations of all meteorological parameters which influence the thermal environment of man (i.g. short- and long-wave radiation, air temperature, wind velocity and air humidity). In addition to that a method for determining this thermal environment by a biometeorological index has to consider thermophysiologically relevant factors so as activity level and thermal resistance of the clothing. By means of the comfort equation (Fanger, 1970) it is possible, for any activity level and clothing to calculate all combinations of meteorological parameters, which will create optimal thermal comfort. The parametrization of the fluxes of short- and long-wave radiation permits to applicate this equation to outdoor conditions (Jendritzky, Sönning and Swantes, 1977). Examples for calculating some given conditions (i.g. street in the city, cross-country kinesitherapy, special land-use areas within a city) are demonstrated.

The indicator function of aquatic myxobacteria for the purpose of evaluating drinking water quality as well as their occurrence in sewage effluent make it desirable to describe these hitherto little known organisms in more detail. To this end, a comparative investigation of anaerobic myxobacteria of the genus Sphaerocytophaga, two typical representatives of the Order Myxobacterales (Myxococcus fulvus, Sporocytophage cauliformis), and a strain ov Vitrepscilla (Vitroescilla proteolytica) was undertaken. With respect to culture morphology, the migratory fringe surrounding colonies of Sphaerocytophaga similar to the other strains studies was a prominent characteristic. In particular, the similarity with colonies of Sporocytophaga cauliformis was apparent. The gliding motility typical of Sphaerocytophaga could be demonstrated in all of the strains investigated. Scanning electron micrographs revealed an amorphous layer of slime covering the cell surfaces in all strains compared in this study, thus excluding the existence of more rigid organelles of locomotion. Taxonomically, the anaerobec myxobacteria of the oral cavity (Sphaerocytophaga) belong to the Order "Myxobacterales" and not the "Eubacterales", i.e., to the genus Fusobacterium. This is clearly suggested by their motility lacking flagella and, above all, by their cell morphology which differs from the Eubacterales.

Antibacterial substances from H. reticulatum, that was harvested from its natural habitat or grown under culture conditions, could be isolated by extraction with ethanol or by steam destillation from cells as well as from culture filtrate. The active substances were tested by gas chromatography, infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and characterized as a fraction of saturated fatty acids. Its composition seems to depend on external circumstances or culture conditions, respectively, because it differed from experiment to experiment even in samples, harvested at the same day. The most effective acids, active, however, only against grampositive strains are the long chain unsaturated ones with 16 or 18 C-atoms, as shown by bioassay detection (Fig. 3). The C16 = 3-acid was only found in the strain LB236-1b.

Based on animal experiments authors established that the different polarity high-concentration aeroions have an effect on the vegetative centres of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Through vegetative centres they influence both electro- and neuro-physiological relations of the nervous system and by this means they make an effect on the capacity. Aeroions have some explicitly favourable effect both on the orientation reflex action and the alert system of the brain stem. These effects can also be registered either by pharmacology tests or sinstrumentally (electronystagmography).

Due to the great progress in electrical engineering man is exposed to electric fields in a high degree. However, the effect of the electric field has not been definitely cleared up till now. The following parameters are of decisive importance: Field intensity- Frequency-Shape of curve-Boundary conditions. As scientific investigations can only be reproduced and accepted when the experimental conditions are clearly defined, a station meeting these requirements has been developed. It consists of Testing room: Electric screen damping higher than 80 dB-Magnetic screen damping higher than 45 dB-large, cased ceiling electrode. Control room: Same as testing room, but no screening. High voltage generator: a) DC-Voltage 0-20 kV ripple & noise less than 0.01%; b) Alternating voltage 0-300 Vss frequency 5 Hz-50 kHz; c) combination of a) and b).

Meteorological parameters represent under different effects of the complex environment a part which is measurable by means of physical techniques. The correlation with physiological functions or the biological system all together--this will be discussed by examples according to own investigations--need above all continuous measurements in the systems and for parameters according to the question. The gravity of further investigations may be a working model in which the biological parameters are directly registered e.g. telemetrically and correlated with these recorded meteorological parameters in the investigation field.

Experiments were done about the behaviour of 5 different strains of St. aureus (= St), E. coli (= Ec), Se. marcescens (= Se) and P. aeruginosa (= Pa) in aqua bidest. at 30 degress C and 40 degrees C. In the first part the smallest quantities of Standard-I-broth (Merck) were evaluated where the diverse bacteria-species are able to grow; it was found at 30 degrees C (in parenthesis at 40 degrees C): St. aureus 1750 (3750) microgram/dl, E. coli 1000 (1750) microgram/dl, Se. marcescens 2.5 (125) microgram/dl and P. aeruginosa 1250 (2000) microgram/dl. In the second part mixed cultures were formed in the following groups: St/Ec, St/Se, St/Pa, Ec/Se, Ec/Pa, Se/Pa. In each case such quantities of broth were given into aqua bidest that the more fastidious bacteria was just able to grow. The initial colony count in both bacteria-species was log 3-4/ml. It was reduced to log 2-3/ml in one of these two species in a second part and in the other species in a third part of this experiment. Mixed cultures of St. aureus with gram negative bacteria resulted in reduced numbers of St. aureus; in case of reduced initial colony counts of E. coli, Se. marcescens or P. aeruginosa colony numbers of St. aureus were a little higher. In mixed cultures Ec/Se and Se/Pa at 30 degrees C colony numbers of E. coli and P. aeruginosa were reduced initial colony counts of Se. marcescens they were also a little higher. In a further part of this experiment such quantities of broth were given that the more fastidious bacterium was not able to grow. Here it died quickly; there were no differences to control groups with only one species.