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Rangewide responses of Mimulus cardinalis to an extreme heat event 土拟菊对极端高温事件的全范围响应。
IF 2.7 2区 生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70145
Lucas J. Albano, Robin A. Bingham, Sulma Correa, Catherine G. Laufenberg, Cristina Payst, Christopher D. Muir, Seema Nayan Sheth

Premise

Extreme events are an understudied aspect of ongoing anthropogenic climate change that could play a disproportionate role in the threat that rapid environmental shifts pose to natural populations.

Methods

We exposed plants originating from seeds that were harvested before (ancestors) and after (descendants) multiple extreme heat events from six populations across the range of Mimulus cardinalis (Phyrmaceae) to a short-term heat-wave treatment in controlled growth chamber environments. We assessed physiological, performance, and functional responses (stomatal conductance, leaf temperature deficit, photosystem II efficiency, relative growth rate, specific leaf area, and leaf dry matter content) to the heat-wave treatment, along with evolutionary responses (differences between ancestors and descendants) of M. cardinalis populations to the recent natural extreme heat event.

Results

Plants in the heat-wave treatment increased their overall performance, and the magnitude of increase was generally greatest among trailing-edge populations. Despite limited overall trait differences between ancestors and descendants, there was some evidence of divergent evolutionary responses among regions to the natural extreme heat event. However, we did not find evidence of adaptive evolution that affected how M. cardinalis populations responded to the heat-wave treatment.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that many M. cardinalis populations may reside in environments that are below their optimum average temperature, revealing potential resiliency to future warming. However, limited evolutionary responses in M. cardinalis to the recent extreme heat wave could still indicate potential for future vulnerability to extreme climate events of increased intensity, frequency, and duration.

前提:极端事件是正在进行的人为气候变化的一个未被充分研究的方面,它可能在快速的环境变化对自然种群构成的威胁中发挥不成比例的作用。方法:在受控的生长室环境中,对6个菊科(Mimulus cardinalis, Phyrmaceae)种群在多次极端高温事件之前(祖先)和之后(后代)收获的种子进行短期热浪处理。我们评估了红毛犀种群对热浪处理的生理、性能和功能响应(气孔导度、叶温亏缺、光系统II效率、相对生长率、比叶面积和叶干物质含量),以及对近期自然极端高温事件的进化响应(祖先和后代之间的差异)。结果:热浪处理下植物的整体性能均有提高,且在尾缘种群中提高幅度最大。尽管祖先和后代之间的总体特征差异有限,但有证据表明,不同地区对自然极端高温事件的进化反应存在差异。然而,我们没有发现适应性进化影响红雀种群对热浪处理的反应的证据。结论:这些结果表明,许多红雀种群可能生活在低于其最佳平均温度的环境中,揭示了对未来变暖的潜在弹性。然而,红雀花对最近极端热浪的有限进化反应仍然可能表明,未来对强度、频率和持续时间增加的极端气候事件的脆弱性。
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引用次数: 0
A mosaic of colors: The influence of biotic and abiotic factors shaping flower color diversity across a tropical mountain ecosystem 颜色的马赛克:生物和非生物因素对热带山地生态系统中花卉颜色多样性的影响。
IF 2.7 2区 生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70147
Maria Gabriela Gutierrez Camargo, Montserrat Arista, Pedro Joaquim Bergamo, Beatriz Lopes Monteiro, Leonor Patrícia C. Morellato

Premise

Flower color diversity within communities is shaped by biotic and abiotic factors. Pollinators often prefer specific colors, and floral pigments also help protect against abiotic factors such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, precipitation, and temperature. Along altitudinal gradients, variations in biotic and/or abiotic conditions can drive the spatial distribution of flower color diversity at the community level.

Methods

Across five vegetation types in the Brazilian campo rupestre, a highly diverse tropical mountain grassland with an environmental mosaic of vegetation types, we surveyed floral color traits of 179 plant species from 180 plots distributed along an altitudinal gradient (808–1427 m). We related flower color traits to pollination systems, abiotic factors (soil type, temperature, and precipitation), and elevation to investigate their influence on flower color diversity.

Results

An association between flower colors and pollination systems was coupled with a functional divergence of color traits along the environmental mosaic, indicating that both, biotic and abiotic factors, shape color diversity in the campo rupestre. Despite this functional divergence, flower color diversity levels were similar across vegetation types and decreased slightly with elevation. Such maintenance of functional diversity contrasts with the sharp reductions in color diversity observed with elevation in temperate mountains.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that flower color diversity is maintained across environmental gradients when pollination systems are unconstrained by elevation, a characteristic of old tropical mountain systems.

前提:群落内花的颜色多样性是由生物和非生物因素形成的。传粉者通常更喜欢特定的颜色,而花色素也有助于抵御非生物因素,如紫外线辐射、降水和温度。在海拔梯度上,生物和/或非生物条件的变化可以驱动群落花色多样性的空间分布。方法:在海拔808 ~ 1427 m的热带山地草地上,研究了180个样地179种植物的花色特征。我们将花的颜色性状与授粉系统、非生物因子(土壤类型、温度和降水)和海拔高度联系起来,研究它们对花的颜色多样性的影响。结果:花的颜色与传粉系统之间存在关联,颜色性状在环境马赛克上存在功能分化,表明生物和非生物因素共同影响了油菜的颜色多样性。尽管存在这种功能差异,但不同植被类型的花颜色多样性水平相似,并随着海拔的升高而略有下降。这种功能多样性的维持与温带山区颜色多样性随海拔升高而急剧下降形成鲜明对比。结论:当传粉系统不受海拔限制时,花的颜色多样性在不同的环境梯度中保持不变,这是热带山地系统的一个特征。
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引用次数: 0
Intraspecific variation in stomatal architecture, gas exchange, and drought response of a dominant prairie grass sourced from broad climatic gradients 基于大气候梯度的优势草原草的气孔结构、气体交换和干旱响应的种内变化
IF 2.7 2区 生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70144
Jack Sytsma, Allison Ricker, Helen Winters, Brian Maricle, Ryann Patterson, Kian Fogarty, Loretta Johnson

Premise

Understanding how plant populations adapt to water limitation through stomatal traits is key to predicting drought responses. The dominant C4 grass Andropogon gerardi, distributed across sharp climate gradients in North America, offers an excellent focal species to study stomatal architecture (size and density). Using a common garden, we tested how stomatal architecture relates to home climate, how stomatal architecture influences gas exchange, and how experimental drought affects these responses in a greenhouse. We hypothesized that aridity drives stomatal architecture and that experimental drought reduces the size of stomata but increases their density to maintain photosynthesis.

Methods

We measured stomatal architecture and gas exchange in 25 populations sourced across temperature (4–21°C) and precipitation (350–1400 mm yr⁻¹) gradients under well-watered conditions. Eight populations (precipitation: 472–1356 mm yr⁻¹) were then subjected to drought (~15% moisture) or were well-watered (30% control) to assess trait plasticity. Stomatal traits were measured using epidermal peels and light microscopy, gas exchange with a LI-COR 6400, and network analyses were used to characterize adaptive strategies.

Results

Arid populations exhibited smaller, denser stomata compared to wet populations, and networks demonstrated a trade-off between stomatal size and density. In the experimental drought, stomatal size decreased. while density increased, with dry populations showing fewer changes than wet populations. Key traits in the network were stomatal size and water-use efficiency.

Conclusions

Andropogon gerardi demonstrated adaptive changes in stomatal architecture. Our findings emphasize the interplay between adaptation and climate, providing important insights into how plants may respond to increased droughts.

前提:了解植物种群如何通过气孔特征适应水分限制是预测干旱反应的关键。分布在北美尖锐气候梯度地区的优势C4草Andropogon gerardi为研究气孔结构(大小和密度)提供了一个很好的焦点种。利用一个普通的花园,我们测试了气孔结构与家庭气候的关系,气孔结构如何影响气体交换,以及在温室中实验性干旱如何影响这些反应。我们假设干旱驱动气孔结构,实验干旱减少气孔大小,但增加气孔密度以维持光合作用。方法:在水分充足的条件下,我们测量了25个不同温度(4-21°C)和降水(350-1400 mm /年)梯度的种群的气孔结构和气体交换。8个种群(降水:472-1356毫米/年)被置于干旱(~15%水分)或丰水(30%对照)的环境中,以评估性状可塑性。利用表皮剥皮和光学显微镜测量气孔性状,利用LI-COR 6400进行气体交换,并利用网络分析来表征适应策略。结果:与湿润种群相比,干旱种群表现出更小、更密集的气孔,并且网络显示出气孔大小和密度之间的权衡。在干旱条件下,气孔大小减小。而密度增加,干燥种群的变化小于湿润种群。该网络的主要特征是气孔大小和水分利用效率。结论:雌雄同体的气孔结构发生了适应性变化。我们的发现强调了适应和气候之间的相互作用,为植物如何应对日益严重的干旱提供了重要的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Climate niches structure a regional hybrid zone in Sphagnum (peatmoss, Bryophyta) 气候生态位构成了泥炭藓藓苔藓植物的区域杂交带。
IF 2.7 2区 生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70143
A. Jonathan Shaw, Aaron M. Duffy, Blanka Aguero, Marta Nieto-Lugilde, Karn Imwattana, Sean C. Robinson, Scott Schuette, Richard T. Wilkens, Joseph Yavitt, David J. Weston, Bryan Piatkowski, Gustaf Granath

Premise

Hybridization is an important evolutionary process across all groups of embryophyte land plants, but relatively little is known about hybridization and introgression in plants with a dominant gametophyte life cycle stage. This paper focuses on hybridization between four closely related species of the moss genus Sphagnum.

Methods

Analyses utilized three types of molecular data: restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq), RADseq-like data derived from in silico digestion of genome sequences, and species-specific barcode markers developed previously for this group. Sampling included 582 gametophytes from 79 collecting sites from 27° to 56°N. A range of analytical methods were employed: phylogeny reconstruction, genetic analyses using the program structure, demographic modeling, and comparative genomics.

Results

Gene flow was detected among all pairwise combinations of extant species and between ancestral lineages and those species. Hybridization between S. diabolicum and S. magniae was especially pronounced and plants in a regional zone from North Carolina to New Jersey were genetically admixed. Demographic analyses indicated that this admixture reflects hybridization. Introgressed SNPs were detected across all chromosomes, but introgressed SNPs fixed in genetically pure samples of the two species were concentrated on four autosomes: 2, 7, 14, and 19. Patterns of genomic admixture/introgression were significantly correlated with climate variation across collection sites within the hybrid zone.

Conclusions

The genomic structure of plants in a regional hybrid zone between S. magniae and S. diabolicum was structured by climate adaptation and strengthens the value of this group for learning more about speciation and climate adaptation.

前提:杂交是所有陆地胚胎植物类群的重要进化过程,但对配子体生命周期处于优势阶段的植物的杂交和渐渗了解相对较少。本文研究了藓属四种近缘种的杂交。方法:利用三种类型的分子数据进行分析:限制性位点相关DNA测序(RADseq),来自基因组序列的计算机消化RADseq样数据,以及先前为该群体开发的物种特异性条形码标记。在北纬27°~ 56°的79个采集点采集配子体582个。采用了一系列分析方法:系统发育重建、利用程序结构进行遗传分析、人口统计学建模和比较基因组学。结果:在所有现存物种的成对组合之间以及祖先谱系与这些物种之间均存在基因流动。在北卡罗莱纳到新泽西的区域内,双角蓟马和双角蓟马之间的杂交尤为明显。人口统计学分析表明,这种混合反映了杂交。在所有染色体上都检测到渗入的SNPs,但在两个物种的遗传纯样品中固定的渗入SNPs集中在4个常染色体上:2、7、14和19。杂交带内不同采集点的基因组外合/渗入模式与气候变化呈显著相关。结论:该杂交带的植物基因组结构受气候适应的影响,增强了该类群对物种形成和气候适应的研究价值。
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引用次数: 0
Pollinator, herbivore, and climatic selective pressures differ across a floral color transition zone 传粉者,食草动物和气候选择压力在花的颜色过渡区不同。
IF 2.7 2区 生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70142
Sierra L. Jaeger, Addison G. Darby, Andrea E. Berardi, Bridget T. Harter, Thomas D. Buchloh, Eric F. LoPresti

Premise

Spatial and temporal variations in climate and ecological interactions may underlie the origin and maintenance of floral color polymorphisms across a species range. Betalains are nitrogen-containing, phylogenetically restricted pigments that, like the widespread and well-studied anthocyanins and carotenoids, may attract pollinators, deter herbivores, and protect against abiotic stress.

Methods

We investigated which selection pressures underlie betalain pigmentation variation in Abronia fragrans, a wildflower polymorphic in floral color across its range.

Results

While most populations produced white flowers, some in the south-central United States bore pink flowers with reduced floral display, suggesting a trade-off between pigment production and reproductive investment. A greenhouse experiment confirmed that floral pigmentation was heritable, though it was not correlated with other inflorescence traits across the species range, nor with pigmentation of most other flower or vegetative tissues. However, floral betalain concentration was positively correlated with hotter, wetter summers and milder winters across populations. Transplant experiments across this floral-color transition zone also revealed marked ecological differences: The pink-flowered site had higher seed set and leaf herbivory, while the white-flowered site experienced greater florivory. Leaf herbivore damage was highest on transplants that differed in floral color from the local morph at each site.

Conclusions

Although less-pigmented plants produced more flowers, this relationship did not translate to higher reproductive success, suggesting an ecological trade-off of pigmentation may drive the observed floral color pattern. Our findings underscore how complex ecological interactions may shape floral trait divergence and highlight the importance of integrating biotic and abiotic factors to understand the evolution of phenotypic variation.

前提:气候和生态相互作用的时空变化可能是物种间花颜色多态性起源和维持的基础。甜菜素是一种含氮、系统发育受限的色素,与广泛存在且研究充分的花青素和类胡萝卜素一样,可以吸引传粉者,阻止食草动物,并防止非生物应激。方法:我们研究了哪种选择压力导致了苦艾花色素色素的变化,苦艾花是一种花色多态的野花。结果:虽然大多数种群的花是白色的,但美国中南部的一些种群的花是粉红色的,花的展示减少了,这表明在色素生产和生殖投资之间存在权衡。一项温室实验证实,花色素沉着是可遗传的,尽管它与整个物种范围内的其他花序特征无关,也与大多数其他花或营养组织的色素沉着无关。然而,在种群中,花β素浓度与夏季更热、更湿和冬季更温和呈正相关。跨花色过渡区的移植实验也揭示了明显的生态差异:粉红色花地的结实率和叶片食草性较高,而白色花地的花性较高。植食性损害在花色不同的移植物上最高。结论:虽然色素较少的植物能开更多的花,但这种关系并不能转化为更高的繁殖成功率,这表明色素沉着的生态权衡可能驱动了观察到的花的颜色模式。我们的研究结果强调了复杂的生态相互作用如何影响花性状的差异,并强调了整合生物和非生物因素对理解表型变异进化的重要性。
{"title":"Pollinator, herbivore, and climatic selective pressures differ across a floral color transition zone","authors":"Sierra L. Jaeger,&nbsp;Addison G. Darby,&nbsp;Andrea E. Berardi,&nbsp;Bridget T. Harter,&nbsp;Thomas D. Buchloh,&nbsp;Eric F. LoPresti","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70142","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spatial and temporal variations in climate and ecological interactions may underlie the origin and maintenance of floral color polymorphisms across a species range. Betalains are nitrogen-containing, phylogenetically restricted pigments that, like the widespread and well-studied anthocyanins and carotenoids, may attract pollinators, deter herbivores, and protect against abiotic stress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated which selection pressures underlie betalain pigmentation variation in <i>Abronia fragrans</i>, a wildflower polymorphic in floral color across its range.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While most populations produced white flowers, some in the south-central United States bore pink flowers with reduced floral display, suggesting a trade-off between pigment production and reproductive investment. A greenhouse experiment confirmed that floral pigmentation was heritable, though it was not correlated with other inflorescence traits across the species range, nor with pigmentation of most other flower or vegetative tissues. However, floral betalain concentration was positively correlated with hotter, wetter summers and milder winters across populations. Transplant experiments across this floral-color transition zone also revealed marked ecological differences: The pink-flowered site had higher seed set and leaf herbivory, while the white-flowered site experienced greater florivory. Leaf herbivore damage was highest on transplants that differed in floral color from the local morph at each site.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although less-pigmented plants produced more flowers, this relationship did not translate to higher reproductive success, suggesting an ecological trade-off of pigmentation may drive the observed floral color pattern. Our findings underscore how complex ecological interactions may shape floral trait divergence and highlight the importance of integrating biotic and abiotic factors to understand the evolution of phenotypic variation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12816444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145773298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An alpine plant shows no decrease in genetic diversity associated with rapid post-glacial range expansion 高山植物的遗传多样性没有随着冰期后范围的迅速扩大而减少。
IF 2.7 2区 生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70128
Mackenzie Urquhart-Cronish, Colette S. Berg, Dylan Moxley, Olivia J. Rahn, Lila Fishman, Amy L. Angert

Premise: While range expansion is hypothesized to be a mechanism for species persistence under climate change, many eco-evolutionary models describe demographic and genetic processes during expansion that may increase genetic drift, decrease genetic variation, and ultimately decrease relative fitness at the leading edge. These predictions assume dispersal occurs from the low-density leading edge during colonization, common in post-glacial expansion at the continental scale (~20,000 years ago), but relatively understudied on contemporary timescales, like alpine glacier recession since the end of the Little Ice Age (~150 years ago).

Methods: We use the native alpine plant Erythranthe (Mimulus) lewisii to quantify neutral genetic diversity (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and infer signatures of genetic drift across two contemporary instances of range expansion on alpine glacier forelands in Garibaldi Provincial Park, BC, Canada, by testing for the presence of signatures of increased genetic differentiation and decreased genetic variation toward the contemporary range edge relative to the historical range core over space and time.

Results: We find weak support for the prediction of increasing genetic differentiation toward the range edge, and no support for decreasing genetic diversity toward the range edge. This suggests dispersal occurring primarily from the leading edge is not characterizing colonization, with the implication that potential relative reductions in range-edge fitness due to range expansion as predicted by theory are likely not applicable in nature at this spatiotemporal scale.

Conclusions: Together, our results suggest that demographic dynamics of colonization following alpine glacier retreat do not result in the loss of genetic diversity over space and time.

虽然范围扩张被假设为气候变化下物种持续存在的机制,但许多生态进化模型描述了扩展过程中的人口统计学和遗传过程,这些过程可能会增加遗传漂变,减少遗传变异,最终降低前沿的相对适合度。这些预测假设在殖民化期间从低密度前沿开始扩散,这在大陆尺度(~2万年前)的冰川后扩张中很常见,但在当代时间尺度上的研究相对较少,如小冰期结束以来的高山冰川衰退(~150年前)。方法:我们使用原生高山植物赤藓(Mimulus)刘易斯(Erythranthe lewis)来量化中性遗传多样性(单核苷酸多态性),并通过测试相对于历史范围核心,在当代范围边缘增加遗传分化和减少遗传变异的特征,推断加拿大加里波第省加里波第高山冰川前陆两个当代范围扩展实例的遗传漂变特征。结果:对遗传分化向范围边缘增加的预测支持较弱,对遗传多样性向范围边缘减少的预测不支持。这表明主要从前沿发生的扩散并不是殖民化的特征,这意味着理论预测的由于范围扩张而导致的范围-边缘适应度的潜在相对降低可能不适用于这个时空尺度的自然界。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,高山冰川退缩后的人口迁移动态不会导致遗传多样性在空间和时间上的丧失。
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引用次数: 0
Urban lichens as an emerging model for urban evolution 城市地衣作为城市演化的新兴模式。
IF 2.7 2区 生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70140
Ann M. Evankow, Jeremy Howland, James Lendemer, Jason Munshi-South
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引用次数: 0
Revisiting the molecular circumscription of Sladeniaceae sensu lato (Ericales): Insights from phylogenetic discordance 重新审视刺蕨科的分子界限:来自系统发育不一致的见解。
IF 2.7 2区 生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70141
Chih-Chieh Yu, Zhi-Qiong Mo, Jing-Yi Lu, Jin-Jin Hu, Jun-Bo Yang, Shu-Feng Li, Lin-Bo Jia

Premise

The placement of Sladeniaceae s.l. (Sladenia and Ficalhoa) within Ericales has remained contentious, largely due to incongruent molecular signals between plastid and nuclear loci and lack of clear morphological synapomorphies supporting its circumscription. Resolving its phylogenetic position is essential for clarifying evolutionary relationships along the backbone of Ericales.

Methods

We used genome-skimming and Angiosperms353 data to reconstruct plastid and nuclear phylogenies of Ericales, with comprehensive sampling of Sladeniaceae, Pentaphylacaceae, and allied families. Phytop and SNaQ analyses were applied to evaluate incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and introgression. Divergence times were estimated using a relaxed-clock birth–death model in the IQ2MC pipeline, and paleo-niche modeling was used to infer the historical distribution of Sladenia.

Results

Plastid phylogenies support the inclusion of Ficalhoa within Sladeniaceae, whereas nuclear trees place Ficalhoa as sister to Pentaphylacaceae, indicating strong cytonuclear discordance. Our analyses revealed a high level of incomplete lineage sorting at the nodes subtending Sladenia, Ficalhoa, and Pentaphylacaceae (ILS-i = 84.8%), which may be explained by the rapid early diversification of core Ericales during the mid-Cretaceous (~110–105 million years ago). No evidence of introgression was detected between Ficalhoa and Sladenia.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that stochastic sorting of ancestral plastid polymorphisms during rapid diversification may be the primary cause of cytonuclear discordance in the placement of Ficalhoa, although ancient plastid capture cannot be ruled out. These results support the inclusion of Ficalhoa within Pentaphylacaceae and underscore the roles of rapid diversification and incomplete lineage sorting in shaping deep phylogenetic relationships in Ericales.

前提:Sladeniaceae s.l. (Sladenia和Ficalhoa)在Ericales中的位置一直存在争议,主要是由于质体和核位点之间的分子信号不一致以及缺乏明确的形态学突触支持其界限。解决它的系统发育位置是至关重要的,以澄清沿主干的进化关系。方法:利用全基因组扫描和被子植物353的数据,对紫堇科、紫堇科及其近缘科植物进行质体和核系统发育重建。应用Phytop和SNaQ分析评价不完全谱系分类(ILS)和基因渗入。在IQ2MC管道中使用松弛时钟出生-死亡模型估计分化时间,并使用古生态位模型推断Sladenia的历史分布。结果:从质体系统发育的角度来看,榕树属植物属于梧桐科,而核树属植物则将榕树属植物视为五葡萄科的姊妹植物,这表明榕树属植物的细胞核存在明显的不一致性。我们的分析显示,在Sladenia、Ficalhoa和Pentaphylacaceae的节点上,谱系分选不完全程度很高(il -i = 84.8%),这可能与白垩纪中期(~ 1.1 - 1.05亿年前)核心erica的早期快速多样化有关。Ficalhoa和Sladenia之间没有发现遗传渗入的证据。结论:我们的研究结果表明,尽管不能排除古代质体捕获的可能性,但在快速多样化过程中祖先质体多态性的随机分选可能是Ficalhoa放置细胞核不一致的主要原因。这些结果支持了榕树属属于五葡萄科,并强调了榕树属快速多样化和不完全谱系分选在形成深层系统发育关系中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Differential expression of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes drives the production of transgressive pigments in Nicotiana section Repandae allotetraploids 黄酮类生物合成途径基因的差异表达驱动烟叶异体四倍体侵染色素的产生。
IF 2.7 2区 生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70137
Elizabeth W. McCarthy, Abigail G. McCoy, Trinity M. Tobin, Talieh Ostovar, Amy Litt, Jacob B. Landis

Premise

Hybrids commonly display transgressive characters, which fall outside the range exhibited by progenitors and can provide an adaptive hybrid advantage. Transgressive characters have often been documented, but the molecular bases underlying them have rarely been determined. Here, we investigated the molecular basis of transgressive delphinidin and transgressively high flavonol levels in flowers of Nicotiana section Repandae allotetraploids to determine whether these pigments are driven by differential expression and/or coding sequence evolution and, if coding sequence evolution is involved, whether there is evidence of complementation of the progenitors or resurrection of gene function in allotetraploids.

Methods

We analyzed transcriptomes of corolla tissue from buds at 60%, 85%, and 95% of the mean corolla length at anthesis from Nicotiana section Repandae allotetraploids and their diploid progenitors. We examined differential expression of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway (FBP) genes and correlated transcript levels with pigment composition.

Results

Diploid progenitors lacked anthocyanins due to a nonfunctional F35H and a retained intron that leads to a premature stop codon in ANS in N. sylvestris and to premature stop codons in ANS in N. obtusifolia. Differential expression of FBP genes sufficiently explains floral pigment composition in Nicotiana section Repandae allotetraploids.

Conclusions

Differential expression drives the production of transgressive delphinidin and transgressive flavonol levels in Nicotiana section Repandae allotetraploids, and there is no evidence for complementation nor gene resurrection. Transgressive delphinidin may provide an adaptive advantage to increase pollinator attraction in N. repanda and protect against UV radiation in N. nudicaulis.

前提:杂交种通常表现出越界特征,这些特征超出了祖先所表现出的范围,可以提供适应性杂交种优势。海侵特征经常被记录下来,但它们背后的分子基础很少被确定。本文研究了烟草科(Nicotiana section Repandae)同种异体四倍体花中飞虱色素和黄酮醇含量超标的分子基础,以确定这些色素是否受差异表达和/或编码序列进化的驱动,如果涉及编码序列进化,是否存在祖细胞互补或基因功能复活的证据。方法:对烟草科异源四倍体及其二倍体祖先花冠平均长度的60%、85%和95%的花蕾花冠组织进行转录组分析。我们检测了黄酮类生物合成途径(FBP)基因的差异表达及其与色素组成的相关转录水平。结果:二倍体祖细胞缺乏花青素,这是由于F3'5'H的不功能性和内含子的保留导致了N. sylvestris和N. obtusifolia的ANS过早停止密码子。FBP基因的差异表达充分解释了烟草科异源四倍体的花色素组成。结论:烟草科异源四倍体的差异表达驱动了海燕素和黄酮醇的越界产生,不存在互补或基因复活的证据。越界飞燕可能具有增强褐飞燕对传粉者的吸引力和保护褐飞燕抵御紫外线辐射的适应优势。
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引用次数: 0
Disentangling complex relationships and disjunctions in western Camassia: Integrating multiple criteria to resolve taxonomic boundaries 解开西部Camassia的复杂关系和断裂:整合多个标准来解决分类边界。
IF 2.7 2区 生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70135
Susan R. Kephart, Theresa M. Culley, Jenny K. Archibald, Robert Tunison, Kathryn E. Theiss, James E. Kephart

Premise

Understanding genetic and morphological variability helps efforts to sustain landscapes and develop effective species concepts for resolving difficult groups. To unravel puzzling relationships and range disjunctions, we applied morphometrics, phenology, phylogenetics and population genetics in Camassia species with cultural, ecological, and conservation value, asking: Do the unusual Camassia populations in northeastern California represent previously unrecognized, disjunct C. howellii? Do C. howellii, C. leichtlinii, and C. quamash maintain diagnostic features in allopatry or sympatry? Are C. quamash subsp. breviflora and subsp. linearis taxonomically distinct?

Methods

We evaluated 34 Camassia populations in situ for morphometric traits, phenology, and habitat type, collecting tissue for population microsatellite and phylogenetic analyses (rpl16, trnD-trnT). Fieldwork and genetic analyses of Camassia species allowed hypothesis testing of all criteria.

Results

Oregon and California populations of C. howellii shared 94–95% morphospace but differed significantly from C. leichtlinii and C. quamash, primarily in having more basal leaves, subglobose fruits, and smaller flowers that open in mid-late afternoon, closing at sunset without reopening. Both microsatellite and phylogenetic data indicated separation of the three species, with slight genetic differentiation between the disjunct populations of C. howellii. Subspecies of C. quamash differed morphologically and genetically, with clear phylogenetic separation.

Conclusions

Integrative approaches proved effective, affirming disputed species identities and upholding subspecific status for C. quamash subsp. linearis. For C. howellii, population genetic differentiation between disjunct regions appears congruent with phylogenetic analyses. Slight morphological differentiation of Oregon and California populations is consistent with geographic isolation, implying subspecific genetic divergence worthy of future study.

前提:了解遗传和形态变异有助于努力维持景观和发展有效的物种概念,以解决困难的群体。为了解开令人困惑的关系和范围脱节,我们应用形态计量学、物候学、系统遗传学和种群遗传学对具有文化、生态和保护价值的Camassia物种进行了研究,并提出了以下问题:加州东北部不寻常的Camassia种群是否代表了以前未被认识的、脱节的C. howellii?C. howellii, C. leichtlinii和C. quamash是否保持异体或交感神经的诊断特征?是C. quamash亚种。短花束和小花束线性在分类学上是不同的吗?方法:对34个Camassia种群的形态特征、物候特征和生境类型进行原位评价,收集组织进行种群微卫星和系统发育分析(rpl16, trend - trnt)。野外考察和对Camassia物种的遗传分析允许对所有标准进行假设检验。结果:俄勒冈州和加利福尼亚州种群与C. lehtlinii和C. quamash有94-95%的相同形态空间,但与C. lehtlinii和C. quamash有显著差异,主要是具有更多的基生叶,近球形果实和较小的花,在下午中下旬开放,在日落时关闭而不重新开放。微卫星数据和系统发育数据均表明这三个物种是分离的,在不相交的居群之间存在轻微的遗传分化。猕猴桃亚种在形态和遗传上存在差异,具有明显的系统发育分离。结论:综合方法被证明是有效的,确认了有争议的物种身份并维护了瓜蚜亚种的亚特异性地位。linearis。不同区域间的种群遗传分化与系统发育分析一致。俄勒冈和加利福尼亚种群的轻微形态分化与地理隔离一致,暗示亚特异性遗传分化值得进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
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American Journal of Botany
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