Bacteriologia, virusologia, parazitologia, epidemiologia (Bucharest, Romania : 1990)最新文献

Purpose: To compare the incidence of intestinal parasitosis between children with residence in urban and rural areas: to compare the efficacy of parasitologic diagnostic methods.

Materials and methods: In our study we included two lots of children. The first lot consisted in 74 children from rural areas from which we collected 44 samples of feces and 55 samples for the "Scotch tape" test. The second lot consisted in 214 children from urban areas from which we collected 44 samples of feces. We examined each sample of feces by three different methods. The study was performed between April to June 2006.

Results: The incidence of intestinal parasitosis increases in children from urban areas towards rural areas, and in children between 5 and 10 years. Ascariasis is the most frequent disease in both urban and rural areas. By examination of each fecal sample by three different methods, the number of positive cases increased.

Conclusions: The residence in rural areas and age between 5 to 10 years are risk factors for intestinal parasitosis. The "Scotch tape" test was more efficient in Enterobius vermicularis infection than the methods performed from feces. We recommend using at the same time three diagnostic methods for feces examination to improve the diagnostic sensibility.

Aim: analysis of the nature and the severity of medical complications of the hospitalized cases associated to an measles outbreak which appeared after a period of consistent interruption of measles virus circulation in the Bucharest municipality population.

Methods: analytical study on the cohort of measles cases hospitalized during the main period of the 2005-2006 outbreak from Bucharest municipality: data source--medical records of the cases enrolled in the study. Enrolled cases were allocated to 5 classes, based on the first two discharging diagnosis. Epi Info software has been used in order to: (a) analyze cases' prevalence by diagnosis classes and demographic characteristics and (b) analysis the prevalence of severe cases defined as cases with duration of hospitalization higher the value calculated at the 75 percentile of the series.

Results: 63% of laboratory confirmed measles cases have been hospitalized, the prevalence of measles cases with specific complications decreased with age. Longer hospitalization was strictly associated (p < .05) with the need to care for cases with measles specifically complications.

Conclusions: when cases severity was expressed in terms of resources allocate (days of hospital stay) it was found that severity is not depending on age group (OR: 1.57: IC 95%: 0.93-2.63; p = 0.09), the study produced solid arguments regarding the good medical strategy (rational resources use) practiced in the infectious diseases clinics of the Bucharest municipality, demonstrated through.: (a) hospitalization authorized with priority for complicated cases and (b) longer hospitalization associated in special with clinically severe cases.

Purposes: The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of multiresistant germs with nosocomial potential and their main resistance phenotype and genotype patterns in surgical departments.

Methods: Identification of germs was performed by the API system (BioMerieux France) and susceptibility tests by disk-diffusion tests, (CLSI standards) with automatic reading methods (Osiris-Bio Rad Laboratories). ESBL producing E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains have been also genotyped.

Results: From 190 samples (urines, wound secretions, blood, etc.); we isolated 106 microbial strains with nosocomial potential. 56 (52.83%) from these strains were represented by enterobacteria, 26 (24.52%) by Gram negative non-fermentative rods, and 24 (22.64%) by Gram positive cocci.

Conclusions: We noticed a high prevalence of multidrug resistant germs (ESBL, MRSA, etc). The majority of them were involved in nosocomial surgical site and urinary tract infections.

Aim: We studied tuberculosis drug-resistance cases related to risk factors involved, in Mureş district.

Methods: We used clinical files of 91 patients with tuberculosis drug resistance from 2006 at all, diagnosed during 2002-2006 at the Ambulatory department of Tuberculosis Clinic in Tg. Mureş town and cities nearby. RESULTS. Mycobacterium drug resistance is more frequent at men (96.8%), because of multiple tuberculosis risk factors involved, also is more frequent in rural areas (52.8%) because of low access to medical services. Drug resistance rate have a direct growing related to number of treatments made before, at patients with therapeutic failure and chronic cases. In our study, first year was dominated by single drug resistance to NIH, with a decrease in 2004 and no cases in 2006; and also multi-drug resistance was placed on the first place by frequency in 2006.

Conclusions: We sustain the needs to intensify the general efforts on tuberculosis early diagnosis, also to increase the medical education on all levels, government financial support and trained staff a good monitoring program during tuberculosis evolution in specific centers of diagnostic and treatment of multi-drug resistance cases in Mureş district.

Sexually transmitted diseases are still a major public health problem in the world. The incidence rate of syphilis reported in Romania increased from 1990 (23.2 cases per 100,000 population) to 2002 (58.3 cases per 100,000 population). Although the rate is slowly decreasing after 2003, syphilis remains a priority for public health (syphilis and gonorrhea are included in the list of priorities diseases for the surveillance in Romania). The purpose of this study was to report the results of the sentinel surveillance pilot system implemented with the support of a PHARE project in 2004, in Galati district. Galati, one of the 41 districts in Romania is located in the southeast part of the country and presents higher incidence rates of syphilis (ex. 99.2 cases per 100,000 populations in 2002). High and low risk groups were included in the study and were tested for syphilis. For diagnosis the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA) and RPR carbon tests were used.