Bacteriologia, virusologia, parazitologia, epidemiologia (Bucharest, Romania : 1990)最新文献

Objective: Assessment of the short-term association between exposure to outdoor air pollution and hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in the Bucharest municipality'spopulation.

Materials and methods: Relation exposure--health effect has been explored through linear regression upon time series, where the independent variable was represented by daily levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) from atmospheric air of Bucharest municipality whereas the dependent variable has been represented by daily frequency, by age groups, of Bucharest municipality residents, hospitalized during the year 2007for LRTI (ICD-10 codes: J12-J22).

Results: In the year 2007, through linear regression we found high correlations (p < 0.01) between the following variables: (a) daily atmospheric concentrations of NO2, CO and SO2, (b) daily frequencies of hospitalizations for LRTI by age group and (c) daily air levels of three of the above mentioned pollutants and the age-specific frequencies of patient hospitalization for LRTI. The O3 daily air levels have been correlated (p < 0.01) only with the daily air levels of SO2 and CO but wasn't correlated to NO2 air level or with the health effect studied

Conclusions: in the Bucharest municipality, the study demonstrated robust associations between the atmospheric pollutants' levels and daily frequencies of hospital admissions for LRTI. Through inference the results suggests that the interventions for environment control which will result in decreasing of the pollution level with NO2, CO and SO2 might be associated with decreasing the frequency of hospitalization for LRTI and consequently with preserving the resources allocated for health.

Acute Bacterial Meningitis is a medical emergency, which warrants early diagnosis and aggressive therapy, which in most cases must be initiated as an "empirical" treatment. Such an approach needs permanent epidemiological surveillance due to the major variability of the etiological agents depending upon time, geographical areas and demographic characteristics of the population. A program for the surveillance of meningitis is in progress in Romania, but the available clinical inbformation is incomplete and not well documented by paraclinical data, poorly reflecting the real incidence of the disease. The specific anatomic localization of the disease has major influences on the antiinfectious immune response. Inflammation is involved in the disease pathogenesis, especially in promotion and evolution of neurological sequelae (neuronal demyelinisation and degeneration) even in case of pathogen clearance following antimicrobial therapy. Activation of the immune response in a immunologically "privileged "region can lead to the break of tolerance and induction of autoimmunity (neuronal degenerescence). On the other hand, an efficient immune response is necessary for the clearance of pathogenic agents. A detailed investigation of the interaction between pathogenic agents and the immune system in relation to the particular meningeal localization and also a study on the involvement of soluble mediators of inflammation (cytokines, chemokines) in the pathogenesis of meningitis might prove useful for differential diagnosis (viral or "aseptic" meningitis) and also for elucidating the mechanisms which that underlie the disease pathogenesis/neurological complications.

This study is a retrospective inquiry among children operated for hydatid cyst which were diagnosed with at least one relapse episode. The study-group consisted of 160 children out of which 110 were submitted to at least one surgical procedure and 35 out of 110O presented hydatidosis relapses. The post-operative monitorization of children with hydatidosis must be extended over a 2-year-period (69.29%) time during which most of the relapses occur. The organs being most frequently affected are primary the liver and secondary the lung. The secondary hydatidosis is more frequent "at distance" from the residual cavity than "in situ". The parasitic control is centered on the imagistic test: abdominal ultrasound, lungradiography and the serological surveillance of specific antibodies of IgG class which can remain positive during the whole life with decreasing titers in time. The antiparasitic treatment pre- and post- operative can complete the therapeutic schedule in the case of hydatidosis in order to assure the recovery.

The aim of the study was to determine the aminoglycosides resistance of Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from urocultures. Identification of the germs was performed by the API system (BioMerieux) and susceptibility tests was performed by disk-diffusion test (CLSI standards) and with API strips. For detecting the resistance to aminoglycosides we used gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin and amikacin. From 2500 urine samples we isolated 673 microbial strains, from which 531 were Enterobacteriaceae, especially E. coli, 57.62% and Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumoniae, 27.68% strains. We observed natural maintained sensibility to aminoglycosides at 55.17% from all the strains we have studied The high prevalence of aminoglycosides resistance of Enterobacteriaceae strains is explained by prolonged antibiotic therapy of patients with invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. A rational policy in prescribing antibiotics in this department is therefore mandatory.

Aim: To compare the underground water mineral composition in iron, fluorine and iodine from different sources, with variable locations in Romania.

Methods: It is a lab study based on Hanna Instruments C99 colorimeter used for our tests, that follows the levels of mineral parameters from water samples from several underground water supplie sources from 10 different romanian counties.

Results: It were significant differences between sources from different counties, and also from different sources in the same county, regarding minerals levels in water and also comparing to admitted levels. The most various data were related to fluorine and iodine levels in water samples and risk of exposure by deficiency.

Conclusion: It is important to know the importance of supply water monitoring, to evaluate both the drinking water quality parameters and mineral composition, in order to estimate the influence on health status of long shut consumer population.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae strains isolated from urocultures in order to obtain new data regarding circulating phenotypes in Urology Department.

Methods: For identifications of Streptococcus agalactiae strains we used Pastorex Strep (BioRad). The sensitivity of isolated germs to antimicrobials was tested using standardised Kirby-Bauer technique.

Results: We isolated 21 Streptococcus agalactiae strains from 1871 urocultures. Analyzing the extended antibiograms we categorized these germs according with their resistance phenotypes and we remarked a high percentage of wild type phenotype Streptococcus agalactiae strains (80.95%).

Conclusions: Streptococcus agalactiae strains are more rarely isolated from hospital acquired urinary tract infections, that's way we can explain the low resistance of these strains.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the susceptibility profile to many antifungal drugs of 95 yeast strains isolated from oral mycoses in HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients from the eastern region of Romania. The antifungal drugs tested against all strains were 5-flucytosine (5FC), amphotericin B (AMB), fluconazole (FCA) and itraconazole (ITR), using ATB fungus2 devices (bioMérieux, France). For strains isolated from HIV-positive patients, two new antifungals were tested--voriconazole (VOR) and caspofungine (CAS), using Etest strips. The significance of results (MIC values) has been evaluated according to EUCAST and CLSI recommendations. The percent of resistance varied as follow: 6.31% for 5FC, 0% for AMB, 10.52% for FCA, 20% for ITR, 0% for VOR and O% for CAS. We can observe that all strains isolated from HIV-positive patients are susceptible to VOR and CAS--new antifungal molecules recently marketed. Also, the percent of resistance to current azoles (especially ITR) is relatively high.

Besides their important biotechnological and industrial applications, yeasts have been used during the last years, in obtaining probiotic products, along with lactic acid bacteria and various enzymes. Our study deals with some aspects regarding the use of yeasts as animal and human probiotics, and their possible mechanisms of action. Also, we present information on probiotic products synthesized by international and national companies. Finally, there are described future prospective of research concerning the applications of recombinant yeast strains as basis for obtaining new bio-drugs. In conclusion, the data comprised in this paper, presents an interesting argument for using yeasts as biotherapeutic agents, an alternative to conventional treatments.