Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2321-547X.1000024
Omodamiro Od, Omodamiro Rm
The lipidemic effect of methanol extract of Ipomoea batatas was evaluated in this study. A total of 18 adult female wistar albino rats were purchased from the Veterinary Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka and acclimatized for a period of 2 weeks with Vital growers mash feed and water administered ad libitum. The animals were then grouped into 6 groups (n=3). Group 1 served as control while group 2 was administered gilbenclamide. Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were administered 1000 mg/kg, 750 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg body weight of the extract daily. The administration was done for a period of 7 days and the animals were sacrificed, blood collected and serum collected for laboratory analysis. The result of analysis shows a significant (p<0.05) decrease in blood sugar level in the extract – treated groups when compared with the normal control. The lipid profile test also show a significant (p<0.05) decrease in VLDL and TAG in the treated group when compared with the normal control. This work shows that I. batatas is a good anti-lipidemic plant and will also serve as a good means of diabetes management.
{"title":"Evaluation of Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Potentials of Sweet Potato on a Wistar Albino Rat","authors":"Omodamiro Od, Omodamiro Rm","doi":"10.21767/2321-547X.1000024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2321-547X.1000024","url":null,"abstract":"The lipidemic effect of methanol extract of Ipomoea batatas was evaluated in this study. A total of 18 adult female wistar albino rats were purchased from the Veterinary Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka and acclimatized for a period of 2 weeks with Vital growers mash feed and water administered ad libitum. The animals were then grouped into 6 groups (n=3). Group 1 served as control while group 2 was administered gilbenclamide. Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were administered 1000 mg/kg, 750 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg body weight of the extract daily. The administration was done for a period of 7 days and the animals were sacrificed, blood collected and serum collected for laboratory analysis. The result of analysis shows a significant (p<0.05) decrease in blood sugar level in the extract – treated groups when compared with the normal control. The lipid profile test also show a significant (p<0.05) decrease in VLDL and TAG in the treated group when compared with the normal control. This work shows that I. batatas is a good anti-lipidemic plant and will also serve as a good means of diabetes management.","PeriodicalId":7704,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89454026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2321-547X.1000026
Farrah Abdul Khaliq, M. Raza, S. Hassan, J. Iqbal, A. Aslam, M. Aun, M. T. Ansari, Sahar Zahid
Lawsonia inermis (henna) is well-known for its wound healing properties. Lawson has vast range of pharmacological actions from anti-inflammatory to anti-cancer. The aim of current study was to formulate an ointment of Lawson, its characterization and to evaluate its wound healing potential. Different parameters such as pH, viscosity, specific gravity, stability parameters (texture, phase separation, odour and appearance of color) and permeability of ointment was estimated. For wound healing properties of prepared ointment, skin irritation test, spreadability of ointment and effect on histopathology of rat skin were carried out. The specific gravity of formulation OLA-1, OLA-2, and OLA- 3 was in acceptable range. Formulation having higher concentration of Lawson showing greater viscosity by using spindles 5s, 6s and 7s. The pH was 5.1-6.2 of calculated amount of prepared ointment. Permeability was found higher in the formulation containing greater quality of Lawson. In vivo studies showed that formulation OLA-4, OLA-5 and OLA-6 showed promising results of healing up to 57%. Spreadability of all formulation ranges between 39 cm to 48 cm. stability parameters and characterization showed that Lawson has enormous potential. These findings suggest that prepared ointment is excellent in wound healing management.
{"title":"Formulation, Characterization and Evaluation of in vivo Wound Healing Potential of Lawsone Ointment","authors":"Farrah Abdul Khaliq, M. Raza, S. Hassan, J. Iqbal, A. Aslam, M. Aun, M. T. Ansari, Sahar Zahid","doi":"10.21767/2321-547X.1000026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2321-547X.1000026","url":null,"abstract":"Lawsonia inermis (henna) is well-known for its wound healing properties. Lawson has vast range of pharmacological actions from anti-inflammatory to anti-cancer. The aim of current study was to formulate an ointment of Lawson, its characterization and to evaluate its wound healing potential. Different parameters such as pH, viscosity, specific gravity, stability parameters (texture, phase separation, odour and appearance of color) and permeability of ointment was estimated. For wound healing properties of prepared ointment, skin irritation test, spreadability of ointment and effect on histopathology of rat skin were carried out. The specific gravity of formulation OLA-1, OLA-2, and OLA- 3 was in acceptable range. Formulation having higher concentration of Lawson showing greater viscosity by using spindles 5s, 6s and 7s. The pH was 5.1-6.2 of calculated amount of prepared ointment. Permeability was found higher in the formulation containing greater quality of Lawson. In vivo studies showed that formulation OLA-4, OLA-5 and OLA-6 showed promising results of healing up to 57%. Spreadability of all formulation ranges between 39 cm to 48 cm. stability parameters and characterization showed that Lawson has enormous potential. These findings suggest that prepared ointment is excellent in wound healing management.","PeriodicalId":7704,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88854845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2321-547X.1000023
S. Mukundan, D. Guan, A. Singleton, Yunlong Yang, Matthew Li, B. Parekkadan
Despite recent breakthroughs in melanoma treatment with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, innovative approaches are needed to improve off-target effects. In this study, we report a T cell mimetic microparticle delivery of soluble PD1 aiming at providing a carrier substrate for future combinatorial and targeting efforts. Microparticles of sizes varying from (5 μm to-7 μm) were conjugated with soluble mouse or human PD-1 through nearly irreversible binding between streptavidin and biotin. PD-1 conjugated microparticles (PDMPs) suppressed 3-dimensional tumor growth of human A375 and mouse B16-F10 melanoma cells compared to control microparticles conjugated with the Fc portion of human IgG1 (IgG1MPs). This can be attributed to competitive inhibition by PDMPs on a melanoma cell-intrinsic PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. A single, local administration of mPDMPs in a B16-F10 mouse melanoma model inhibited tumor growth significantly compared to control IgMPs at the same dose. CD45+ immune cells were found to infiltrate tumors treated with mPDMPs as a mechanism for tumor control. These results collectively suggest that PDMPs can target the melanoma cell-intrinsic PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and that these artificial T cell mimetics can be the scaffold for further improvements in anti-tumor immunotherapy.
{"title":"Artificial T Cell Mimetics to Combat Melanoma Tumor Growth.","authors":"S. Mukundan, D. Guan, A. Singleton, Yunlong Yang, Matthew Li, B. Parekkadan","doi":"10.21767/2321-547X.1000023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2321-547X.1000023","url":null,"abstract":"Despite recent breakthroughs in melanoma treatment with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, innovative approaches are needed to improve off-target effects. In this study, we report a T cell mimetic microparticle delivery of soluble PD1 aiming at providing a carrier substrate for future combinatorial and targeting efforts. Microparticles of sizes varying from (5 μm to-7 μm) were conjugated with soluble mouse or human PD-1 through nearly irreversible binding between streptavidin and biotin. PD-1 conjugated microparticles (PDMPs) suppressed 3-dimensional tumor growth of human A375 and mouse B16-F10 melanoma cells compared to control microparticles conjugated with the Fc portion of human IgG1 (IgG1MPs). This can be attributed to competitive inhibition by PDMPs on a melanoma cell-intrinsic PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. A single, local administration of mPDMPs in a B16-F10 mouse melanoma model inhibited tumor growth significantly compared to control IgMPs at the same dose. CD45+ immune cells were found to infiltrate tumors treated with mPDMPs as a mechanism for tumor control. These results collectively suggest that PDMPs can target the melanoma cell-intrinsic PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and that these artificial T cell mimetics can be the scaffold for further improvements in anti-tumor immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":7704,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery","volume":"11 1","pages":"21-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83414855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2321-547X.1000025
M. Akl, Abd-Elrazek Hm, Abdel Bary Em
Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) was blended with polyvinyl acetate polymer (PVAc) to form EVA/PVAc blends. Paracetamol was used as a drug model in the investigated blends. Different weight ratios of the two polymers in the blend were investigated, these are (100/0, 80/20 50/50, 20/80, 0/100 w/w EVA/PVAc). The concentration of the drug was kept constant. The micro structure, as well as crystallinity and chemical composition of these blends were investigated. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been conducted for blends before and after release. Crystallization behavior of EVA was investigated as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the blends. Besides FTIR spectrum of the samples and equilibrium swelling and deswelling of the blends has been carried out.
{"title":"Poly (Ethylene-Co-Vinyl Acetate) Blends for Controlled Drug Release","authors":"M. Akl, Abd-Elrazek Hm, Abdel Bary Em","doi":"10.21767/2321-547X.1000025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2321-547X.1000025","url":null,"abstract":"Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) was blended with polyvinyl acetate polymer (PVAc) to form EVA/PVAc blends. Paracetamol was used as a drug model in the investigated blends. Different weight ratios of the two polymers in the blend were investigated, these are (100/0, 80/20 50/50, 20/80, 0/100 w/w EVA/PVAc). The concentration of the drug was kept constant. The micro structure, as well as crystallinity and chemical composition of these blends were investigated. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been conducted for blends before and after release. Crystallization behavior of EVA was investigated as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the blends. Besides FTIR spectrum of the samples and equilibrium swelling and deswelling of the blends has been carried out.","PeriodicalId":7704,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84479912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.21767/2321-547X.1000019
J. Bagyalakshmi, H. Haritha
Objective: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Pterocarpus marsupium bark and wood and its characterization. As well as in vitro anti diabetic study was carried out. Method: Synthesis of Pterocarpus marsupium silver nanoparticles was done by drop wise addition of 1 mM silver nitrate to Pterocarpus marsupium bark and wood extract. Characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was carried out by visual examination, UV- Visible absorption spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, Poly dispersity index and Zeta value. In vitro anti diabetic study for the synthesised silver nanoparticles was carried out by α- amylase inhibition assay. Results: The synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Pterocarpus marsupium extract was eco-friendly and cost effective. Aqueous extract of Pterocarpus marsupium bark and wood extract were mixed with the aqueous solution of silver nitrate. The colour of the solution changes from yellow to brown colour due to the surface Plasmon resonance which is the primary confirmation for the formation of silver nanoparticles. The surface Plasmon band in the silver nanoparticles was found to be 431 nm. The FTIR study concluded that hydroxyl and carboxyl groups act as reducing and stabilizing agent and phenolic group function as capping agent. Average particle size was found to be 148.5 nm. It’s polydispersity index was 0.336 and zeta potential was measured and found to be -28 mV with the peak area of 100% intensity. This indicates that formed nanoparticles were stable. The in vitro anti diabetic study confirms that Pterocarpus marsupium is having anti diabetic activity Conclusion: Pterocarpus marsupium silver nanoparticles are found to be effective for anti-diabetic activity. The study found without using any chemical reagent as stabilizing agent the silver nanoparticles are stable. Hence this cost effective and eco-friendly method is highly promising for future.
{"title":"Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Pterocarpus marsupium and Assessment of its In vitro Antidiabetic Activity","authors":"J. Bagyalakshmi, H. Haritha","doi":"10.21767/2321-547X.1000019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2321-547X.1000019","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Pterocarpus marsupium bark and wood and its characterization. As well as in vitro anti diabetic study was carried out. Method: Synthesis of Pterocarpus marsupium silver nanoparticles was done by drop wise addition of 1 mM silver nitrate to Pterocarpus marsupium bark and wood extract. Characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was carried out by visual examination, UV- Visible absorption spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, Poly dispersity index and Zeta value. In vitro anti diabetic study for the synthesised silver nanoparticles was carried out by α- amylase inhibition assay. Results: The synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Pterocarpus marsupium extract was eco-friendly and cost effective. Aqueous extract of Pterocarpus marsupium bark and wood extract were mixed with the aqueous solution of silver nitrate. The colour of the solution changes from yellow to brown colour due to the surface Plasmon resonance which is the primary confirmation for the formation of silver nanoparticles. The surface Plasmon band in the silver nanoparticles was found to be 431 nm. The FTIR study concluded that hydroxyl and carboxyl groups act as reducing and stabilizing agent and phenolic group function as capping agent. Average particle size was found to be 148.5 nm. It’s polydispersity index was 0.336 and zeta potential was measured and found to be -28 mV with the peak area of 100% intensity. This indicates that formed nanoparticles were stable. The in vitro anti diabetic study confirms that Pterocarpus marsupium is having anti diabetic activity Conclusion: Pterocarpus marsupium silver nanoparticles are found to be effective for anti-diabetic activity. The study found without using any chemical reagent as stabilizing agent the silver nanoparticles are stable. Hence this cost effective and eco-friendly method is highly promising for future.","PeriodicalId":7704,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery","volume":"231 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83483260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2321-547X.1000014
Inh Bekhti, H. Zitouni, K. Djouded, Fz Mekaouche, H. Fetati, F. Boudia, H. Toumi
The adverse renal effects of aminoglycosides are increasing, up to 20% in patients treated with this class of antibiotic, nephrotoxicity is manifested by the renal insufficiency with a variable degree, usually clinically silent but the return to the former state is not always obtained which progresses towards chronic kidney disease. After studying a declaration of an adverse case at the pharmacovigilance service of the UHE of Oran.The impact of nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides in the aggravation of pre-existing renal insufficiency has been demonstrated according to the French and Anglo-Saxon method of accountability that is why information on pharmacological therapeutic monitoring of STP should be recommended. In conclusion, the knowledge of the factors favoring the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides, the respect of the dosages and the reduction of the duration of the treatment allows the practitioner to take measures in order to prevent and to reduce the frequency of the renal complications. The side effect of aminoglycoside therapy may occur in up to 20% of the exposed patients treated with this antibiotic class, this nephrotoxicity is manifested by varying degrees of renal insufficiency (IR), usually clinically silent but the return to the previous state is not always got, sometimes progress to chronic renal disease. Following the study of a case of adverse reaction reporting; has been shown by the French and Anglo-Saxon method of accountability, the impact of aminoglycosides’ nephrotoxicity in the aggravation of existing IR, why therapeutic drug monitoring TDM actualities are recommended. In conclusion, knowledge of predisposing factors nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides, respect the doses and reducing the duration of treatment allows the practitioner to take measures in order to prevent and decrease the frequency of renal complications.
{"title":"Secondary IRCT (Chronic End-Stage RenalDisease) for Aminoglycosides","authors":"Inh Bekhti, H. Zitouni, K. Djouded, Fz Mekaouche, H. Fetati, F. Boudia, H. Toumi","doi":"10.21767/2321-547X.1000014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2321-547X.1000014","url":null,"abstract":"The adverse renal effects of aminoglycosides are increasing, up to 20% in patients treated with this class of antibiotic, nephrotoxicity is manifested by the renal insufficiency with a variable degree, usually clinically silent but the return to the former state is not always obtained which progresses towards chronic kidney disease. After studying a declaration of an adverse case at the pharmacovigilance service of the UHE of Oran.The impact of nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides in the aggravation of pre-existing renal insufficiency has been demonstrated according to the French and Anglo-Saxon method of accountability that is why information on pharmacological therapeutic monitoring of STP should be recommended. In conclusion, the knowledge of the factors favoring the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides, the respect of the dosages and the reduction of the duration of the treatment allows the practitioner to take measures in order to prevent and to reduce the frequency of the renal complications. The side effect of aminoglycoside therapy may occur in up to 20% of the exposed patients treated with this antibiotic class, this nephrotoxicity is manifested by varying degrees of renal insufficiency (IR), usually clinically silent but the return to the previous state is not always got, sometimes progress to chronic renal disease. Following the study of a case of adverse reaction reporting; has been shown by the French and Anglo-Saxon method of accountability, the impact of aminoglycosides’ nephrotoxicity in the aggravation of existing IR, why therapeutic drug monitoring TDM actualities are recommended. In conclusion, knowledge of predisposing factors nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides, respect the doses and reducing the duration of treatment allows the practitioner to take measures in order to prevent and decrease the frequency of renal complications.","PeriodicalId":7704,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86008119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2321-547X.1000010
A. Goddard
Targeted theranostics is increasingly attractive in the cancer field to reduce off-target effects and provide rapid diagnosis. Neurotensin (NT) and its derivatives target neuortensin receptor 1 (NTS1) which has strong, selective, aberrant expression in certain tumour cells. This commentary briefly describes the advantages of targeting using the NT/NTS1 pairing and discusses a recent article on Theranostic Value of Multimers: Lessons Learned from Trimerization of Neurotensin Receptor Ligands and Other Targeting Vectors that questions the relevance of in vitro studies with these theranostics to in vivo applications. This remains an area of great interest and the rational design of targeting molecules with high in vivo efficacy is a key goal of the field.
{"title":"Theranostic Applications of Neurotensin","authors":"A. Goddard","doi":"10.21767/2321-547X.1000010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2321-547X.1000010","url":null,"abstract":"Targeted theranostics is increasingly attractive in the cancer field to reduce off-target effects and provide rapid diagnosis. Neurotensin (NT) and its derivatives target neuortensin receptor 1 (NTS1) which has strong, selective, aberrant expression in certain tumour cells. This commentary briefly describes the advantages of targeting using the NT/NTS1 pairing and discusses a recent article on Theranostic Value of Multimers: Lessons Learned from Trimerization of Neurotensin Receptor Ligands and Other Targeting Vectors that questions the relevance of in vitro studies with these theranostics to in vivo applications. This remains an area of great interest and the rational design of targeting molecules with high in vivo efficacy is a key goal of the field.","PeriodicalId":7704,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82161898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2321-547X.1000012
P. K. Karar, G. Agarwal, S. Agarwal, M. Devgan
Vitamin A deficiency is a serious nutritional deficiency disease. In most cases vitamin A deficiency is associated with protein malnutrition. Excess vitamin A cannot be transported for want of transport protein. We aimed to investigate the quantity of protein required in diet to protect excess vitamin A fed hepatotoxicity in rats. Normal and excess amount of vitamin A (4000 IU/kg and 40000 IU/kg)) with three different levels of dietary protein (6%, 18% and 30%) were administered orally for 30 consecutive days in rats. In low protein diet vitamin A level significantly increased in liver and decreased in plasma and, lipids level were found to be high in liver. Administration of excessive doses of vitamin A resulted in significant decrease in the levels of serum and liver RBP. Excess vitamin A in low protein state significantly induced oxidative stress in the liver, leading to increased serum levels of liver enzyme markers aminotransferases, total and direct bilirubin. Lipid remains in liver for want of transport protein and aggravates the formation of fatty liver. Both lipids and lipoprotein levels are also measured to assess the liver function in hypervitaminosis; a state where abnormally high storage levels of vitamins can lead to toxic symptoms.
{"title":"Effect of dietary protein against excess vitamin A induced hepatotoxicity in rats","authors":"P. K. Karar, G. Agarwal, S. Agarwal, M. Devgan","doi":"10.21767/2321-547X.1000012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2321-547X.1000012","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin A deficiency is a serious nutritional deficiency disease. In most cases vitamin A deficiency is associated with protein malnutrition. Excess vitamin A cannot be transported for want of transport protein. We aimed to investigate the quantity of protein required in diet to protect excess vitamin A fed hepatotoxicity in rats. Normal and excess amount of vitamin A (4000 IU/kg and 40000 IU/kg)) with three different levels of dietary protein (6%, 18% and 30%) were administered orally for 30 consecutive days in rats. In low protein diet vitamin A level significantly increased in liver and decreased in plasma and, lipids level were found to be high in liver. Administration of excessive doses of vitamin A resulted in significant decrease in the levels of serum and liver RBP. Excess vitamin A in low protein state significantly induced oxidative stress in the liver, leading to increased serum levels of liver enzyme markers aminotransferases, total and direct bilirubin. Lipid remains in liver for want of transport protein and aggravates the formation of fatty liver. Both lipids and lipoprotein levels are also measured to assess the liver function in hypervitaminosis; a state where abnormally high storage levels of vitamins can lead to toxic symptoms.","PeriodicalId":7704,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85332640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2321-547X.1000018
S. L. Prabu, A. Umamaheswari, S. Rajakumar, P. Bhuvaneswari, S. Muthupetchi
Acne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent skin diseases which affect almost 80% of adolescents in the world during their lifetime. Development of specific association between antibiotic and bacteria during repeated treatment develops antibiotic resistance. Medicinal and aromatic plants are widely used as medicine in ancient time. Treatment of acne has been considered as a major research area in pharmaceutical and personal cosmetic care industries. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the phytochemical composition of Ocimum gratissimum, green synthesis of silver nanoparticle and to develop herbal topical gel formulation to treat acne. Ocimum gratissimum is selected based on its antibacterial activity. Phytochemical analysis revealed phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins are present in the extract. Silver nanaoparticle was synthesized using 1 mM aqueous silver nitrate solution from the extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and formation of silver nanoparticle was confirmed by UV spectroscopy. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were stable, spherical shape with average particle size of 207.6 nm and the polydispersity index was found to be 0.256. Synthesized silver nanoparticles was incorporated into gel base and evaluated for its physical properties such as pH, viscosity, spreadability and antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results obtained in the developed formulation showed no lumps, had uniform color dispersion and were free from any fiber and particle. It was also observed to have easy washablity, good spreadability, pH was found to be 6.72 and 6.80 similar to pH of the skin. The antibacterial study of the developed formulation showed inhibitory activity against Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Synthesized silver nanoparticle of Ocimum gratissimum showed higher activity than the extract. Hence, silver nanoparticle of Ocimum gratissiumum in aqueous gel-base can be used as an appropriate formulation for treatment of acne vulgaris.
{"title":"Development and evaluation of gel incorporated with synthesized silver nanoparticle from Ocimum gratissimum for the treatment of acne vulgaris","authors":"S. L. Prabu, A. Umamaheswari, S. Rajakumar, P. Bhuvaneswari, S. Muthupetchi","doi":"10.21767/2321-547X.1000018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2321-547X.1000018","url":null,"abstract":"Acne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent skin diseases which affect almost 80% of adolescents in the world during their lifetime. Development of specific association between antibiotic and bacteria during repeated treatment develops antibiotic resistance. Medicinal and aromatic plants are widely used as medicine in ancient time. Treatment of acne has been considered as a major research area in pharmaceutical and personal cosmetic care industries. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the phytochemical composition of Ocimum gratissimum, green synthesis of silver nanoparticle and to develop herbal topical gel formulation to treat acne. Ocimum gratissimum is selected based on its antibacterial activity. Phytochemical analysis revealed phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins are present in the extract. Silver nanaoparticle was synthesized using 1 mM aqueous silver nitrate solution from the extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and formation of silver nanoparticle was confirmed by UV spectroscopy. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were stable, spherical shape with average particle size of 207.6 nm and the polydispersity index was found to be 0.256. Synthesized silver nanoparticles was incorporated into gel base and evaluated for its physical properties such as pH, viscosity, spreadability and antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results obtained in the developed formulation showed no lumps, had uniform color dispersion and were free from any fiber and particle. It was also observed to have easy washablity, good spreadability, pH was found to be 6.72 and 6.80 similar to pH of the skin. The antibacterial study of the developed formulation showed inhibitory activity against Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Synthesized silver nanoparticle of Ocimum gratissimum showed higher activity than the extract. Hence, silver nanoparticle of Ocimum gratissiumum in aqueous gel-base can be used as an appropriate formulation for treatment of acne vulgaris.","PeriodicalId":7704,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81260593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2321-547X.1000008
H. Rehman, A. Zahoor, Z. Shaikh, S. Naveed, K. Usmanghani
Objective: The development of modern dosage form such as lozenges associated with an extended period of local remedy with beneficial therapeutic effect was the objective of this study. The polyherbal extract based lozenges include Viola odorata L, Cordialatifolia L, Menthapiperita L., Adhatodavasica, Glycyrrhizaglabra, Piper longum, Hyssopusofficinalis, Alpiniagalangal which is envisioned for cough and sore throat. Method The preparation of extract, manufacturing of lozenges batch, processing technique with extract based herbal formulation and expansion for analytical standardization including qualitative and quantitative determinations were carried out. Result Vasicine was analysed qualitative and quantified through HPTLC and quantitative analysis of flavonoids by UV visible spectrophotometry, which was not less than 0.02 mg per lozenges and 0.080 mg respectively. Conclusion Current trend of herbal market and the visible financial growth with evident therapeutic graph has proven its effectiveness. Minimum side effects make the herbal and alternative medication more attractive for the end users. This poly herbal extract based lozenges have proven the quality by both protocols including qualitatively via organoleptic attributes and quantitatively by HPTLC and spectrophotometry.
{"title":"Polyherbal Extract Based Linkus Lozenges for Symptomatic Relief: Design, Development and Evaluation","authors":"H. Rehman, A. Zahoor, Z. Shaikh, S. Naveed, K. Usmanghani","doi":"10.21767/2321-547X.1000008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2321-547X.1000008","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The development of modern dosage form such as lozenges associated with an extended period of local remedy with beneficial therapeutic effect was the objective of this study. The polyherbal extract based lozenges include Viola odorata L, Cordialatifolia L, Menthapiperita L., Adhatodavasica, Glycyrrhizaglabra, Piper longum, Hyssopusofficinalis, Alpiniagalangal which is envisioned for cough and sore throat. Method The preparation of extract, manufacturing of lozenges batch, processing technique with extract based herbal formulation and expansion for analytical standardization including qualitative and quantitative determinations were carried out. Result Vasicine was analysed qualitative and quantified through HPTLC and quantitative analysis of flavonoids by UV visible spectrophotometry, which was not less than 0.02 mg per lozenges and 0.080 mg respectively. Conclusion Current trend of herbal market and the visible financial growth with evident therapeutic graph has proven its effectiveness. Minimum side effects make the herbal and alternative medication more attractive for the end users. This poly herbal extract based lozenges have proven the quality by both protocols including qualitatively via organoleptic attributes and quantitatively by HPTLC and spectrophotometry.","PeriodicalId":7704,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82293833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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