Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.18697/ajfand.128.24120
AE Adekoya, O. Fadairo, OA Adeleke, I. Ogunbayo, BO Oyelami, E. Enya
Attempts to ensure safety and quality control in the Day-Old Chicks (DOCs) value chain in Nigeria have been perceived to involve some duplicity/multiplicity of roles and/ or responsibilities, putting undue burden on the actors. Therefore, experts’ workshop on the DOCs value chain in Oyo State was implemented by the Innovation Lab for Policy Leadership in Agriculture and Food Security (PiLAF) to provide a guide for agenda setting for building a better industry. The workshop had the dual purpose of (i) undertaking a situational analysis of the DOCs value chain in Oyo State, Nigeria, and (ii) strengthening the policy process to effectively respond to the needs of the DOCs value chain in the state through clearly defined, unambiguous regulations and regulatory processes. Twenty-four experts comprising major actors along the DOCs value chain in Oyo State participated in the workshop. Using brainstorming and consensus building process, participants identified infrastructure and markets (strengths), weak regulatory control and high operating cost (weaknesses); supply gap, and good return on investment (opportunities); including adulteration and sharp practices (threats) as the most important Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) factors influencing or capable of affecting the DOCs industry in the state. The DOCs value chain operators identified National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) followed by the Veterinary Council of Nigeria as the most visible operators in the DOCs value chain. However, the operators perceived the activities of the regulatory bodies as more geared toward revenue generation than actually enforcing compliance to standard practices in the industry. The value chain actors affirm there are overlaps in some aspects of policy guidelines for the DOCs value chain by the Veterinary Council of Nigeria and NIAS leading to what may be described as double taxation to the disadvantage of the actors. Specifically, registration and licensing, prohibition, and import and export domains are some of the aspects of the policy documents that need some minor modifications for clarity and separation of roles. Key words: Policy, Value chain, Animal Scientist, Chicks, Safety, Poultry industry, Public health, Regulation
{"title":"A situational analysis of the day-old chicks value chain in Oyo State, Nigeria: Agenda setting for policy reform","authors":"AE Adekoya, O. Fadairo, OA Adeleke, I. Ogunbayo, BO Oyelami, E. Enya","doi":"10.18697/ajfand.128.24120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.128.24120","url":null,"abstract":"Attempts to ensure safety and quality control in the Day-Old Chicks (DOCs) value chain in Nigeria have been perceived to involve some duplicity/multiplicity of roles and/ or responsibilities, putting undue burden on the actors. Therefore, experts’ workshop on the DOCs value chain in Oyo State was implemented by the Innovation Lab for Policy Leadership in Agriculture and Food Security (PiLAF) to provide a guide for agenda setting for building a better industry. The workshop had the dual purpose of (i) undertaking a situational analysis of the DOCs value chain in Oyo State, Nigeria, and (ii) strengthening the policy process to effectively respond to the needs of the DOCs value chain in the state through clearly defined, unambiguous regulations and regulatory processes. Twenty-four experts comprising major actors along the DOCs value chain in Oyo State participated in the workshop. Using brainstorming and consensus building process, participants identified infrastructure and markets (strengths), weak regulatory control and high operating cost (weaknesses); supply gap, and good return on investment (opportunities); including adulteration and sharp practices (threats) as the most important Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) factors influencing or capable of affecting the DOCs industry in the state. The DOCs value chain operators identified National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) followed by the Veterinary Council of Nigeria as the most visible operators in the DOCs value chain. However, the operators perceived the activities of the regulatory bodies as more geared toward revenue generation than actually enforcing compliance to standard practices in the industry. The value chain actors affirm there are overlaps in some aspects of policy guidelines for the DOCs value chain by the Veterinary Council of Nigeria and NIAS leading to what may be described as double taxation to the disadvantage of the actors. Specifically, registration and licensing, prohibition, and import and export domains are some of the aspects of the policy documents that need some minor modifications for clarity and separation of roles. Key words: Policy, Value chain, Animal Scientist, Chicks, Safety, Poultry industry, Public health, Regulation","PeriodicalId":7710,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140734909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.18697/ajfand.128.24325
S. Mpiira, M. Kipsat, PK Mose, FX Kalyango, C. Staver
How households make decisions, who influences decision making and how members bargain over resources and opportunities greatly affects the livelihood and wellbeing of members within a given household. This study sought to understand gender specific decisions and their influence on household technology choice, packaging and adoption of agricultural technologies. Growing Bananas with Trees and Livestock (GBTL) technology system was implemented by National Agricultural Research Organisation and Bioversity International in three districts of Central Uganda: Kiboga, Nakaseke and Ssembabule. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA), typologies were created in which two distinct clusters of farming households were revealed. Using a bargaining model of technology adoption, three types of households were identified; male and female only, female only and male only headed households. For technology uptake, either a single component, two components or all components of a technology was adopted. Results indicated that Household size, age, land owned, labour and gender composition of the household positively influenced the adoption of the technology. Farm households were able to take up and adopt components of the technology that were equivalent to the available household resources. Technology choice and adoption was influenced by available land, labor and household objectives (food, income and nutrition security). Households' ability to avert the loss of production and/or assets was very varied and depended on household size. For non-business home expenses, decisions followed a gendered perspective where households with both male and female, had more participants involved in household decision making, households make decision jointly when it comes to purchases and sales. Banana plantations establishment and management was for the spouse. Livestock production was initiated and managed by the household heads. Individual decisions were influenced by age of the household head, livestock owner. Joint household’s decision making was significant on purchases, sales of inputs and outputs, land ownership, and were influenced by household size and farm size. This study brings out important policy implications that in order to ensure widespread adoption of improved technologies, there should be equitable access to complementary inputs, especially land and labour for females. And technology packaging should take into consideration the gender specific decisions for sustainable agricultural development. Key words: Decision making, Technology choice, adoption, Coffee banana farming system, Gender
{"title":"The influence of gender specific decisions on household technology choice within the farming households in central Uganda","authors":"S. Mpiira, M. Kipsat, PK Mose, FX Kalyango, C. Staver","doi":"10.18697/ajfand.128.24325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.128.24325","url":null,"abstract":"How households make decisions, who influences decision making and how members bargain over resources and opportunities greatly affects the livelihood and wellbeing of members within a given household. This study sought to understand gender specific decisions and their influence on household technology choice, packaging and adoption of agricultural technologies. Growing Bananas with Trees and Livestock (GBTL) technology system was implemented by National Agricultural Research Organisation and Bioversity International in three districts of Central Uganda: Kiboga, Nakaseke and Ssembabule. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA), typologies were created in which two distinct clusters of farming households were revealed. Using a bargaining model of technology adoption, three types of households were identified; male and female only, female only and male only headed households. For technology uptake, either a single component, two components or all components of a technology was adopted. Results indicated that Household size, age, land owned, labour and gender composition of the household positively influenced the adoption of the technology. Farm households were able to take up and adopt components of the technology that were equivalent to the available household resources. Technology choice and adoption was influenced by available land, labor and household objectives (food, income and nutrition security). Households' ability to avert the loss of production and/or assets was very varied and depended on household size. For non-business home expenses, decisions followed a gendered perspective where households with both male and female, had more participants involved in household decision making, households make decision jointly when it comes to purchases and sales. Banana plantations establishment and management was for the spouse. Livestock production was initiated and managed by the household heads. Individual decisions were influenced by age of the household head, livestock owner. Joint household’s decision making was significant on purchases, sales of inputs and outputs, land ownership, and were influenced by household size and farm size. This study brings out important policy implications that in order to ensure widespread adoption of improved technologies, there should be equitable access to complementary inputs, especially land and labour for females. And technology packaging should take into consideration the gender specific decisions for sustainable agricultural development. Key words: Decision making, Technology choice, adoption, Coffee banana farming system, Gender","PeriodicalId":7710,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development","volume":"38 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140735340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.18697/ajfand.128.21055
IM Busindeli, SY Nyamba, M. Akeredolu, I. Busindeli
Of recent, there is changing work environment for agricultural extension workers as they operate under the multi-stakeholders’ phenomenon. This increasingly poses a challenge to frontline extension workers trained on linear model (extension-researcher-farmer linkage) in extension services delivery. This is because, facilitating the multi-stakeholder processes requires competent agricultural extension workers well-versed in human relations. In recognizing the importance of human capital development for agricultural extension service delivery in Tanzania, Sokoine University of Agriculture established a mid-career agricultural extension training programme in 1998. Informed by the human capital theory, this study employed an evaluative study design to assess the impact of the Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) mid-career BSc. Agricultural Extension and Education training programme on human capital development. The study was conducted in five agro-ecological zones, that is, Eastern, Western, Central, Southern Highlands and Lake zones in Tanzania. The development of the sampling frame was done in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries (MLF) and President’s Office-Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG). A total of 200 respondents-100 alumni and 100 farmers were sampled proportionately. A snowball sampling technique was used to replace the respondents who were selected randomly but could not be reached for interview. Data were collected from respondents through a questionnaire that covered a set of competences through analysis of the mid-career agricultural extension curriculum and consultations with public and private employers. In addition, literature review and observations were also used to supplement the collected information. The findings indicate that the agricultural training programme at Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) equipped graduates with appropriate knowledge, competencies and skills that improved their job performance and productive capacities that enabled them to interact with various stakeholders and facilitate multi-stakeholders’ processes. This is in line with the purpose of establishing the programme. Hence, this points to the need for continuous human capital building and motivations of agricultural extension workers for the improvement of their performance. Key words: Mid-career, Agricultural extension workers, Curriculum, Human capital, Multi-stakeholder processes
最近，农业推广人员的工作环境发生了变化，因为他们是在多方利益相关者的现象下开展工作的。这对接受过线性模式（推广-研究人员-农民联系）推广服务培训的一线推广人员日益构成挑战。这是因为，促进多方利益相关者进程需要精通人际关系的称职农业推广人员。坦桑尼亚索科因农业大学认识到人力资本开发对提供农业推广服务的重要性，于 1998 年设立了职业生涯中期农业推广培训计划。在人力资本理论的指导下，本研究采用了评估性研究设计，以评估索科因农业大学（Suoine University of Agriculture，SUA）职业生涯中期农业推广和教育理学士培训计划的影响。农业推广和教育培训计划对人力资本开发的影响。这项研究在坦桑尼亚的五个农业生态区进行，即东部、西部、中部、南部高地和湖区。抽样框架是与农业部（MoA）、畜牧和渔业部（MLF）以及地区行政和地方政府总统办公室（PO-RALG）合作制定的。共按比例抽取了 200 名受访者--100 名校友和 100 名农民。对于随机抽取但无法联系到的受访者，采用了 "滚雪球 "抽样技术进行替换。通过对职业生涯中期农业推广课程的分析以及与公共和私营雇主的磋商，以调查问卷的形式向受访者收集数据，调查问卷涵盖了一系列能力。此外，还利用文献回顾和观察来补充收集到的信息。研究结果表明，索科因农业大学（Sokoine University of Agriculture，SUA）的农业培训课程为毕业生提供了适当的知识、能力和技能，提高了他们的工作绩效和生产能力，使他们能够与各利益相关方互动，促进多方利益相关方的进程。这与设立该计划的目的是一致的。因此，这说明有必要持续进行人力资本建设，激励农业推广人员提高工作绩效。关键词职业生涯中期 农业推广人员 课程 人力资本 多方利益相关者进程
{"title":"Human capital development programme for mid-career agricultural extension workers: The case of Sokoine University of Agriculture BSc. agricultural extension and education training programme","authors":"IM Busindeli, SY Nyamba, M. Akeredolu, I. Busindeli","doi":"10.18697/ajfand.128.21055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.128.21055","url":null,"abstract":"Of recent, there is changing work environment for agricultural extension workers as they operate under the multi-stakeholders’ phenomenon. This increasingly poses a challenge to frontline extension workers trained on linear model (extension-researcher-farmer linkage) in extension services delivery. This is because, facilitating the multi-stakeholder processes requires competent agricultural extension workers well-versed in human relations. In recognizing the importance of human capital development for agricultural extension service delivery in Tanzania, Sokoine University of Agriculture established a mid-career agricultural extension training programme in 1998. Informed by the human capital theory, this study employed an evaluative study design to assess the impact of the Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) mid-career BSc. Agricultural Extension and Education training programme on human capital development. The study was conducted in five agro-ecological zones, that is, Eastern, Western, Central, Southern Highlands and Lake zones in Tanzania. The development of the sampling frame was done in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries (MLF) and President’s Office-Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG). A total of 200 respondents-100 alumni and 100 farmers were sampled proportionately. A snowball sampling technique was used to replace the respondents who were selected randomly but could not be reached for interview. Data were collected from respondents through a questionnaire that covered a set of competences through analysis of the mid-career agricultural extension curriculum and consultations with public and private employers. In addition, literature review and observations were also used to supplement the collected information. The findings indicate that the agricultural training programme at Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) equipped graduates with appropriate knowledge, competencies and skills that improved their job performance and productive capacities that enabled them to interact with various stakeholders and facilitate multi-stakeholders’ processes. This is in line with the purpose of establishing the programme. Hence, this points to the need for continuous human capital building and motivations of agricultural extension workers for the improvement of their performance. Key words: Mid-career, Agricultural extension workers, Curriculum, Human capital, Multi-stakeholder processes","PeriodicalId":7710,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140735124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.18697/ajfand.128.24275
J. Mutimba
Extension, and extension workers in particular, drive the agricultural modernization process and the rest of those in associated professions and positions are ‘support staff.’ Whether you are a lecturer, a professor, a dean, a researcher, an extension director or a head of a non-government organization, if your mission is to develop smallholder agriculture at farmer level, you are supporting the field extension worker to achieve your/farmers’ goals. To this extent, it is no surprise that, when no perceptible improvement takes place at the farmer level, the blame lies squarely on the shoulders of extension. Despite its importance, agricultural extension is the most misunderstood of all agricultural disciplines, and the lack of understanding reveals itself in several ways. This paper discusses some of the misconceptions and debatable issues that affect the way extension is supported, the way it is structured, the way it is staffed and the way extension workers are trained and capacitated. The misconceptions also affect the kinds and levels of expectations people have of extension. The misconceptions include: unending definitions of extension, expanding extension concepts, blaming extension for perceived failures in agriculture, undermining the extension discipline, inadequacies in extension teaching and training, markets and the role of extension and structural changes in extension. The origins of some of these debatable issues can be traced to development partners who come with their conceptions of what is needed while others come from development theorists who have not done any extension work in the field. Unfortunately, there are no strong extension professional associations in many African countries that could: raise the profile of extension as a discipline, interrogate some of the agricultural development interventions before implementation and help clear some of the misconceptions. In the absence of extension platforms, extensionists operate as individuals, each struggling the best way they know how to make a difference at the farmer level. There is no way of harnessing the experiences the individuals are going through for purposes of learning, sharing and developing common positions. The purpose of this paper is to promote debate on, and scrutiny of these extension issues which are often presented as facts and absolute truths. Key words: Extension issues, debatable, agricultural discipline, misconceptions, professionals, smallholder farmers
{"title":"Agricultural extension debatable issues","authors":"J. Mutimba","doi":"10.18697/ajfand.128.24275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.128.24275","url":null,"abstract":"Extension, and extension workers in particular, drive the agricultural modernization process and the rest of those in associated professions and positions are ‘support staff.’ Whether you are a lecturer, a professor, a dean, a researcher, an extension director or a head of a non-government organization, if your mission is to develop smallholder agriculture at farmer level, you are supporting the field extension worker to achieve your/farmers’ goals. To this extent, it is no surprise that, when no perceptible improvement takes place at the farmer level, the blame lies squarely on the shoulders of extension. Despite its importance, agricultural extension is the most misunderstood of all agricultural disciplines, and the lack of understanding reveals itself in several ways. This paper discusses some of the misconceptions and debatable issues that affect the way extension is supported, the way it is structured, the way it is staffed and the way extension workers are trained and capacitated. The misconceptions also affect the kinds and levels of expectations people have of extension. The misconceptions include: unending definitions of extension, expanding extension concepts, blaming extension for perceived failures in agriculture, undermining the extension discipline, inadequacies in extension teaching and training, markets and the role of extension and structural changes in extension. The origins of some of these debatable issues can be traced to development partners who come with their conceptions of what is needed while others come from development theorists who have not done any extension work in the field. Unfortunately, there are no strong extension professional associations in many African countries that could: raise the profile of extension as a discipline, interrogate some of the agricultural development interventions before implementation and help clear some of the misconceptions. In the absence of extension platforms, extensionists operate as individuals, each struggling the best way they know how to make a difference at the farmer level. There is no way of harnessing the experiences the individuals are going through for purposes of learning, sharing and developing common positions. The purpose of this paper is to promote debate on, and scrutiny of these extension issues which are often presented as facts and absolute truths. Key words: Extension issues, debatable, agricultural discipline, misconceptions, professionals, smallholder farmers","PeriodicalId":7710,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140734707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.18697/ajfand.128.24290
B. Mbakaya, DM Ndengu, M. Tembo, C. Mbukwa, D. Njera
Against the background of low women’s participation in farm decision making processes, Malawi’s agriculture sector adapted and up- scaled Household Approach, a gender transformative tool known for its impact in enhancing participation of women in farm decision making processes. In this study, participation in farm decision making is defined as the involvement of women, men and youth in decision making process in relation to visioning, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. The objective of this study was to determine level of participation of women under Household Approach in farm decision making processes. This was a cross- sectional study. Using a semi-structured interview, a quantification of the extent of participation of various gender categories in decision making in various areas was determined. Thirty- three households were purposively selected due to their participation in Household Approach. Analysis of women participation in decision making, was done by computing women’s decision score. Decision score for men and youth was also computed so that a comparison is made to women’s level of participation. Women took joint decisions in all farm decision making processes with a higher participation score in household visioning (0.91) compared to men (0.83) and youth (0.44). When it came to implementing production activities of an enterprise (maize) which is a major source of their livelihood determining fulfilment of their visions, there were significant variations among their participation score in decision making in relation to maize enterprise production (χ2 (2) = 40.282, p = 0.000) with a mean rank participation score of 25.00, 39.94 and 8.56 in men, women and youth, respectively. This implies that much as implementation of maize production activities are jointly done with men, women still do a greater part of maize production work. When it came to monitoring, women had a lower participation score (0.68) compared to men (0.81), but higher than the youth (0.33). The lower participation score in monitoring among women was due to multiple roles the women have. This study recommends that sharing of roles be encouraged among peer households. Key words: Level, Women, participation, Household Approach, Farm, Decision making, Pragmatic, Cross- sectional
{"title":"A cross-sectional study on level of participation of women in farm decision making processes: household approach in Mzimba north, Malawi.","authors":"B. Mbakaya, DM Ndengu, M. Tembo, C. Mbukwa, D. Njera","doi":"10.18697/ajfand.128.24290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.128.24290","url":null,"abstract":"Against the background of low women’s participation in farm decision making processes, Malawi’s agriculture sector adapted and up- scaled Household Approach, a gender transformative tool known for its impact in enhancing participation of women in farm decision making processes. In this study, participation in farm decision making is defined as the involvement of women, men and youth in decision making process in relation to visioning, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. The objective of this study was to determine level of participation of women under Household Approach in farm decision making processes. This was a cross- sectional study. Using a semi-structured interview, a quantification of the extent of participation of various gender categories in decision making in various areas was determined. Thirty- three households were purposively selected due to their participation in Household Approach. Analysis of women participation in decision making, was done by computing women’s decision score. Decision score for men and youth was also computed so that a comparison is made to women’s level of participation. Women took joint decisions in all farm decision making processes with a higher participation score in household visioning (0.91) compared to men (0.83) and youth (0.44). When it came to implementing production activities of an enterprise (maize) which is a major source of their livelihood determining fulfilment of their visions, there were significant variations among their participation score in decision making in relation to maize enterprise production (χ2 (2) = 40.282, p = 0.000) with a mean rank participation score of 25.00, 39.94 and 8.56 in men, women and youth, respectively. This implies that much as implementation of maize production activities are jointly done with men, women still do a greater part of maize production work. When it came to monitoring, women had a lower participation score (0.68) compared to men (0.81), but higher than the youth (0.33). The lower participation score in monitoring among women was due to multiple roles the women have. This study recommends that sharing of roles be encouraged among peer households. Key words: Level, Women, participation, Household Approach, Farm, Decision making, Pragmatic, Cross- sectional","PeriodicalId":7710,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development","volume":"11 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140734715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.18697/ajfand.128.24310
C. Macharia-Mutie, GG Gebre, H. Tesfaye, A. Aoga, G. Minas, T. Aberash
This survey aimed to establish nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and practices, and to observe how gender influences household food-related decision-making processes in the Sasakawa Africa Association (SAA) intervention areas in the Oromia and Southern Nation Nationalities and People regions of Ethiopia. The findings would inform implementation of communication for nutrition social and behaviour change among small-holder farmers as part of the SAA corporate strategy on nutrition-sensitive agriculture. The study population was smallholder farmers supported by SAA from which 311 respondents were selected through multistage sampling. Data were collected via a mixed methods approach consisting of a household survey, focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs). Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was analysed using a narrative and content approach. The study focused on knowledge, attitudes and practices related to production and consumption of micronutrient-rich foods. Majority (59.5%) of the respondents were male. Men were the main decision makers on staple or commercial food crop production and proportion of produced crops to be consumed at home or sold in the market. Women mainly made decisions regarding production and consumption of fruits and vegetables, intra-household food distribution, preservation and storage. There was a lack of knowledge on iron and vitamin A fortified or biofortified sources of food. Nearly three quarters (72%) of women did not meet the minimum dietary diversity for women, a proxy indicator of adequacy of micronutrient intake and diet quality. The mean dietary diversity score was 3.8 with animal source foods being the least consumed. Not having sufficient money to buy food, unavailability of different food groups and poor intra-household food distribution were among the key reasons for lack of diverse diets. Majority of the respondents were aware of the importance of production and consumption of micronutrient-rich foods. However, there was a gap in practice and awareness about biofortified and fortified foods. While most of the respondents had produced fruits and vegetables in home gardens in the three months prior to this survey, more than half (54%) of the respondents thought it was not likely that they would produce fruits and vegetables for home consumption. More targeted nutrition campaigns are required to increase the ability of small-holder farmers to adopt best practices while reducing the barriers associated with access and consumption. Promotion of fruit and vegetable production in home gardens could be considered as option for improving household dietary quality as well as empowering women to make more decisions. Key words: Sasakawa Africa Association, Small-holder farmers, Nutrition, Knowledge, Practices
这项调查旨在确定与营养有关的知识、态度和做法，并观察性别如何影响埃塞俄比亚奥罗莫地区和南方民族和人民地区笹川非洲协会（SAA）干预地区与食品有关的家庭决策过程。作为笹川非洲协会营养敏感型农业企业战略的一部分，研究结果将为在小农户中开展营养社会和行为改变交流活动提供参考。研究对象是 SAA 支持的小农户，通过多阶段抽样从中选出了 311 名受访者。数据收集采用混合方法，包括家庭调查、焦点小组讨论 (FGD) 和关键信息提供者访谈 (KII)。定量数据采用描述性统计方法进行分析，定性数据则采用叙述和内容方法进行分析。研究的重点是与富含微量营养素食品的生产和消费有关的知识、态度和做法。大多数受访者（59.5%）为男性。男性是主食或商业粮食作物生产的主要决策者，也是家庭消费或市场销售比例的主要决策者。妇女主要决定水果和蔬菜的生产和消费、家庭内部食物分配、保存和储存。妇女对铁和维生素 A 强化或生物强化食品的来源缺乏了解。近四分之三（72%）的妇女达不到妇女最低膳食多样性标准，而这是衡量微量营养素摄入量和膳食质量是否充足的替代指标。膳食多样性的平均得分为 3.8 分，其中动物源性食物的摄入量最少。没有足够的钱购买食物、无法获得不同种类的食物以及家庭内部食物分配不均是造成膳食缺乏 多样性的主要原因。大多数受访者都知道生产和消费富含微量营养素的食物的重要性。然而，在实践和对生物强化和强化食品的认识方面还存在差距。虽然大多数受访者在调查前三个月曾在家庭菜园中生产过水果和蔬菜，但超过一半（54%）的受访者认为他们不太可能生产水果和蔬菜供家庭食用。需要开展更有针对性的营养宣传活动，以提高小农户采用最佳做法的能力，同时减少与获取和消费相关的障碍。在家庭菜园中推广水果和蔬菜生产可被视为提高家庭膳食质量以及赋予妇女更多决策权的一种选择。关键词笹川非洲协会 小农户 营养 知识 实践
{"title":"Integrating nutrition in the Sasakawa Africa Association extension services: Knowledge, attitude and practices among smallholder farmers","authors":"C. Macharia-Mutie, GG Gebre, H. Tesfaye, A. Aoga, G. Minas, T. Aberash","doi":"10.18697/ajfand.128.24310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.128.24310","url":null,"abstract":"This survey aimed to establish nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and practices, and to observe how gender influences household food-related decision-making processes in the Sasakawa Africa Association (SAA) intervention areas in the Oromia and Southern Nation Nationalities and People regions of Ethiopia. The findings would inform implementation of communication for nutrition social and behaviour change among small-holder farmers as part of the SAA corporate strategy on nutrition-sensitive agriculture. The study population was smallholder farmers supported by SAA from which 311 respondents were selected through multistage sampling. Data were collected via a mixed methods approach consisting of a household survey, focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs). Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was analysed using a narrative and content approach. The study focused on knowledge, attitudes and practices related to production and consumption of micronutrient-rich foods. Majority (59.5%) of the respondents were male. Men were the main decision makers on staple or commercial food crop production and proportion of produced crops to be consumed at home or sold in the market. Women mainly made decisions regarding production and consumption of fruits and vegetables, intra-household food distribution, preservation and storage. There was a lack of knowledge on iron and vitamin A fortified or biofortified sources of food. Nearly three quarters (72%) of women did not meet the minimum dietary diversity for women, a proxy indicator of adequacy of micronutrient intake and diet quality. The mean dietary diversity score was 3.8 with animal source foods being the least consumed. Not having sufficient money to buy food, unavailability of different food groups and poor intra-household food distribution were among the key reasons for lack of diverse diets. Majority of the respondents were aware of the importance of production and consumption of micronutrient-rich foods. However, there was a gap in practice and awareness about biofortified and fortified foods. While most of the respondents had produced fruits and vegetables in home gardens in the three months prior to this survey, more than half (54%) of the respondents thought it was not likely that they would produce fruits and vegetables for home consumption. More targeted nutrition campaigns are required to increase the ability of small-holder farmers to adopt best practices while reducing the barriers associated with access and consumption. Promotion of fruit and vegetable production in home gardens could be considered as option for improving household dietary quality as well as empowering women to make more decisions. Key words: Sasakawa Africa Association, Small-holder farmers, Nutrition, Knowledge, Practices","PeriodicalId":7710,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development","volume":"30 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140735363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.18697/ajfand.128.24300
AO Fadairo, LA Akinbile, VA Obatolu, I. Eni, Anjolaoluwa Ore Fadairo
Gari is the most popular form in which cassava is consumed in most households in Nigeria. However, gari is deficient in most food nutrients and its excessive consumption without supplementation leads to malnutrition. Soygari (Gari fortified with soyabean) could help reduce malnutrition if positive behaviour is elicited through appropriate Communication Media (CM). However, empirical evidence on suitable CM mix to elicit positive behaviour towards Soygari nutrition is scarce. Therefore, CM mix for behavioural change in Soygari nutrition information dissemination among rural households in southwestern Nigeria was investigated. This study evaluated the effect of consistent dosage of Soygari information on rural women’s behaviour in South Western Nigeria. A quasi-experimental research design was used. Data were collected from 224 women in soybean-producing households in the region through a systematic sampling procedure. This study trained women in Soygari information for twelve weeks using podcasts (audio and video messages), and interactive (demonstrations and visual teaching methods). The study targeted change in women’s knowledge, attitude, and utilization. Empirical analyses are described in tables and percentages, while parametric tests were used to analyze a priori hypotheses. The podcast method influenced higher change in Knowledge (Δx ̅ = 2.68) and attitude (Δx ̅=5.94) of women while a higher change in utilization (Δx ̅= 7.32) was found among women exposed to the interactive method. A significant difference existed in the utilization (T = 4.018; p < 0.05) of Soygari among women exposed to the podcast and interactive methods. Both media types effectively promoted positive behavioural change towards Soygari nutrition among rural households in South western Nigeria. Audio and practical demonstration mix were most suitable. An interactive method of communication is best if the target of nutrition information is for immediate household utilization. Multiple dosages of information can be a motivation to change an already existing human behaviour even when distractions exist. Key words: Change in behaviour, Soygari, Nutrition-Specific diet, media use, Women
{"title":"Media use for Soygari: A case study of women’s behaviour to nutrition-specific information in south west Nigeria","authors":"AO Fadairo, LA Akinbile, VA Obatolu, I. Eni, Anjolaoluwa Ore Fadairo","doi":"10.18697/ajfand.128.24300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.128.24300","url":null,"abstract":"Gari is the most popular form in which cassava is consumed in most households in Nigeria. However, gari is deficient in most food nutrients and its excessive consumption without supplementation leads to malnutrition. Soygari (Gari fortified with soyabean) could help reduce malnutrition if positive behaviour is elicited through appropriate Communication Media (CM). However, empirical evidence on suitable CM mix to elicit positive behaviour towards Soygari nutrition is scarce. Therefore, CM mix for behavioural change in Soygari nutrition information dissemination among rural households in southwestern Nigeria was investigated. This study evaluated the effect of consistent dosage of Soygari information on rural women’s behaviour in South Western Nigeria. A quasi-experimental research design was used. Data were collected from 224 women in soybean-producing households in the region through a systematic sampling procedure. This study trained women in Soygari information for twelve weeks using podcasts (audio and video messages), and interactive (demonstrations and visual teaching methods). The study targeted change in women’s knowledge, attitude, and utilization. Empirical analyses are described in tables and percentages, while parametric tests were used to analyze a priori hypotheses. The podcast method influenced higher change in Knowledge (Δx ̅ = 2.68) and attitude (Δx ̅=5.94) of women while a higher change in utilization (Δx ̅= 7.32) was found among women exposed to the interactive method. A significant difference existed in the utilization (T = 4.018; p < 0.05) of Soygari among women exposed to the podcast and interactive methods. Both media types effectively promoted positive behavioural change towards Soygari nutrition among rural households in South western Nigeria. Audio and practical demonstration mix were most suitable. An interactive method of communication is best if the target of nutrition information is for immediate household utilization. Multiple dosages of information can be a motivation to change an already existing human behaviour even when distractions exist. Key words: Change in behaviour, Soygari, Nutrition-Specific diet, media use, Women","PeriodicalId":7710,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140735720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.18697/ajfand.128.24315
Jpm Fossou, Ycs Adjovi, SE Dedehou, UH Ahehehinnou, F. Tovo
Aflatoxin B1 is the most harmful food toxin for humans and animals. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, it is ranked as one of the most carcinogenic substances in the world, directly connected to hepatocarcinoma in both humans and animals. Aflatoxin B1 is also involved in the occurrence of pathologies, and aflatoxicoses. Aflatoxin B1 can be produced by fungi from the genus Aspergillus section Flavi in a variety of foods during storage. Once aflatoxins are present, food processing cannot eradicate them. The damage and lack of complete elimination of aflatoxins from foodstuffs make them the most monitored and controlled substances in the world. Given the high-risk of Aflatoxin B1 on both animal and human health, it is important to study their worldwide distribution and existing control methods through a systematic review. Articles published from 1945 to 2022 found on several databases as Scopus, PubMed, Dimensions, Google Scholar and an extraction sieve was used to select the relevant articles. Of the two hundred and twenty-eight (228) French and English scientific articles on aflatoxins identified, forty of the most relevant original articles were selected for inclusion in this review following a rigorous selection process. Several genes are involved in the synthesis of aflatoxin B1. Moreover, certain environmental conditions, in particular oxidative stress are propitious for fungus by over-expressing aflatoxins. However, the fungi defences can be controlled by several methods. Articles showed efficiency of various of them. Good cultural practices and awareness raising are part of the preventive control. Synthetic chemicals such as insecticides and fungicides are chronically used in chemical control of fungal growth and prevent aflatoxins from being produced. Biological control is based on allelic recombination between toxic and atoxic strains. The use of microbial competition is focused on the natural predators of aflatoxic molds, most often lactic acid bacteria, and the natural control relies on the use of natural plant substances. Natural substances like aqueous or organic plant extracts that contain proteins, polyphenols, tannins, antioxidants, flavonoids, terpenes, and chelating ion as well as caffeic acid, gallic acid and ascorbic acid can be used to control fungal contamination currently. These molecules interfere with free radicals to slow down or even inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species significantly reducing the production of aflatoxins making them inactive. Implementation of the means of controlling fungal growth and producing aflatoxins will help make agriculture globally competitive and ensure food security. Key words: Natural substances, Aflatoxin B1, food poisoning, alternative control, biocontrol
{"title":"Review on novel approaches for controlling aflatoxin B1: Harnessing nature's defenses against food toxins","authors":"Jpm Fossou, Ycs Adjovi, SE Dedehou, UH Ahehehinnou, F. Tovo","doi":"10.18697/ajfand.128.24315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.128.24315","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxin B1 is the most harmful food toxin for humans and animals. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, it is ranked as one of the most carcinogenic substances in the world, directly connected to hepatocarcinoma in both humans and animals. Aflatoxin B1 is also involved in the occurrence of pathologies, and aflatoxicoses. Aflatoxin B1 can be produced by fungi from the genus Aspergillus section Flavi in a variety of foods during storage. Once aflatoxins are present, food processing cannot eradicate them. The damage and lack of complete elimination of aflatoxins from foodstuffs make them the most monitored and controlled substances in the world. Given the high-risk of Aflatoxin B1 on both animal and human health, it is important to study their worldwide distribution and existing control methods through a systematic review. Articles published from 1945 to 2022 found on several databases as Scopus, PubMed, Dimensions, Google Scholar and an extraction sieve was used to select the relevant articles. Of the two hundred and twenty-eight (228) French and English scientific articles on aflatoxins identified, forty of the most relevant original articles were selected for inclusion in this review following a rigorous selection process. Several genes are involved in the synthesis of aflatoxin B1. Moreover, certain environmental conditions, in particular oxidative stress are propitious for fungus by over-expressing aflatoxins. However, the fungi defences can be controlled by several methods. Articles showed efficiency of various of them. Good cultural practices and awareness raising are part of the preventive control. Synthetic chemicals such as insecticides and fungicides are chronically used in chemical control of fungal growth and prevent aflatoxins from being produced. Biological control is based on allelic recombination between toxic and atoxic strains. The use of microbial competition is focused on the natural predators of aflatoxic molds, most often lactic acid bacteria, and the natural control relies on the use of natural plant substances. Natural substances like aqueous or organic plant extracts that contain proteins, polyphenols, tannins, antioxidants, flavonoids, terpenes, and chelating ion as well as caffeic acid, gallic acid and ascorbic acid can be used to control fungal contamination currently. These molecules interfere with free radicals to slow down or even inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species significantly reducing the production of aflatoxins making them inactive. Implementation of the means of controlling fungal growth and producing aflatoxins will help make agriculture globally competitive and ensure food security. Key words: Natural substances, Aflatoxin B1, food poisoning, alternative control, biocontrol","PeriodicalId":7710,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development","volume":"40 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140734021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.18697/ajfand.128.ed137
Ruth Oniang'o
I have always been interested in agricultural extension from the time I used to see extension workers visit my mum, then a peasant farmer in the village, working hard to make sure her family was always food secure. Even though her husband (my father) was out on a government job, she understood that she had to do her bit. His salary would be reserved for paying school fees for the children, putting up good housing, and providing some material goods that could put them at a certain level in society. Cash was highly valued, as it still is today. My mother was not farming to sell. Whatever excess she had would be shared with needy relatives and neighbors. With the support of extension workers who used to provide free seeds, teach how to make compost manure, and then guide farmers all the way to harvest and storage, we never lacked food except when there was a very serious famine. I remember feeling hunger pangs, at a time when we had porridge only for breakfast, no lunch, and then had a full meal at dinner. The memory of those hunger pangs is the reason why I am not happy when I hear of children going hungry for whatever reason.
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Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.18697/ajfand.128.ed138
M. Kitanaka, M. Oluoch
Agriculture in Africa is undergoing transformative shifts, driven by the need for sustainable food production, increased productivity, and resilience to challenges such as climate change. This paper explores the current state of agriculture extension models in Africa and their role in delivering technologies and innovations to target beneficiaries and other stakeholders in agricultural innovation systems. We delve into key challenges, promising approaches, and recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of extension services in the dynamic agricultural landscapes of Africa. The paper showcases innovative extension models by Sasakawa Africa Association that have made a significant impact. These include Farmer Learning Platforms (FLPs) model, Private and Extension Service Provision (PESP), The Agro-Processing Enterprise Center (APEC) Model, Community-Based Seed Multiplication (CBSM) model, private and extension service provision Model (PESP), and the community savings for investment in Agribusiness (CSIA) model. The Sasakawa Africa Fund for Education (SAFE) Demand Driven Curriculum (SDDC) model is also highlighted. These examples highlight the importance of context-specific approaches and the role of extension in empowering farmers to embrace sustainable and resilient agricultural practices. By addressing key challenges and leveraging opportunities, this paper aims to contribute to the sustainable development of agriculture in Africa. Key words: Agriculture extension models, Technology Adoption, participatory approaches, Innovation, Sustainable Development
{"title":"Advancing agriculture extension models in Africa: bridging the gap for effective delivery of technologies and innovations","authors":"M. Kitanaka, M. Oluoch","doi":"10.18697/ajfand.128.ed138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.128.ed138","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture in Africa is undergoing transformative shifts, driven by the need for sustainable food production, increased productivity, and resilience to challenges such as climate change. This paper explores the current state of agriculture extension models in Africa and their role in delivering technologies and innovations to target beneficiaries and other stakeholders in agricultural innovation systems. We delve into key challenges, promising approaches, and recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of extension services in the dynamic agricultural landscapes of Africa. The paper showcases innovative extension models by Sasakawa Africa Association that have made a significant impact. These include Farmer Learning Platforms (FLPs) model, Private and Extension Service Provision (PESP), The Agro-Processing Enterprise Center (APEC) Model, Community-Based Seed Multiplication (CBSM) model, private and extension service provision Model (PESP), and the community savings for investment in Agribusiness (CSIA) model. The Sasakawa Africa Fund for Education (SAFE) Demand Driven Curriculum (SDDC) model is also highlighted. These examples highlight the importance of context-specific approaches and the role of extension in empowering farmers to embrace sustainable and resilient agricultural practices. By addressing key challenges and leveraging opportunities, this paper aims to contribute to the sustainable development of agriculture in Africa. Key words: Agriculture extension models, Technology Adoption, participatory approaches, Innovation, Sustainable Development","PeriodicalId":7710,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140734740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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