Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.11648/J.AJMP.20211005.12
Mahasin Mohamed Dafaa Allah Banaga, A. Awadelgied, N. A. Muslet, A. A. Mohamed, A. Hamed
Edible oils are complex mixtures of organic substances of great commercial importance in the food, pharmaceutical, perfume and cosmetic industries due to their biological properties. This work was devoted to the detection of the total quantitative components of carotenoids and chlorophyll derivatives, as they are responsible for the color, which is an important qualitative characteristic of the oil because it contains antioxidants. Some optical properties of edible oils used in Sudan (corn, olive, peanut, factory sesame, presses sesame and sunflower) oil, purchased from local Sudanese stores were also measured and calculated using the method of UV-VIS spectroscopy (190-1100) nm. It was found that the absorption peak between (230-300) nm indicates the presence of di- and tri-unsaturated fatty acids. Polyphones share a band with different peaks between (300-400) nm. Carotenoids contribute a band with several peaks between (430 and 460) nm, and chlorophyll contribute another strong band at around (414, 670) nm. The results come to light similarity between the absorption spectrum, absorption coefficient and attenuation coefficient. From the transmission spectrum, it was found that corn oil and sunflower oil had the largest transmission spectrum and the lowest transmission spectrum of olive oil.
{"title":"Investigation of Natural Pigments and Optical Properties for Some Sudanese Edible Oils Using UV - VIS Spectroscopy Techniques","authors":"Mahasin Mohamed Dafaa Allah Banaga, A. Awadelgied, N. A. Muslet, A. A. Mohamed, A. Hamed","doi":"10.11648/J.AJMP.20211005.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJMP.20211005.12","url":null,"abstract":"Edible oils are complex mixtures of organic substances of great commercial importance in the food, pharmaceutical, perfume and cosmetic industries due to their biological properties. This work was devoted to the detection of the total quantitative components of carotenoids and chlorophyll derivatives, as they are responsible for the color, which is an important qualitative characteristic of the oil because it contains antioxidants. Some optical properties of edible oils used in Sudan (corn, olive, peanut, factory sesame, presses sesame and sunflower) oil, purchased from local Sudanese stores were also measured and calculated using the method of UV-VIS spectroscopy (190-1100) nm. It was found that the absorption peak between (230-300) nm indicates the presence of di- and tri-unsaturated fatty acids. Polyphones share a band with different peaks between (300-400) nm. Carotenoids contribute a band with several peaks between (430 and 460) nm, and chlorophyll contribute another strong band at around (414, 670) nm. The results come to light similarity between the absorption spectrum, absorption coefficient and attenuation coefficient. From the transmission spectrum, it was found that corn oil and sunflower oil had the largest transmission spectrum and the lowest transmission spectrum of olive oil.","PeriodicalId":7717,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Physics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85580299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.11648/J.AJMP.20211005.11
B. Donfack, G. T. Tedondje, T. M. Cedric, C.D.G. Ngoufack, A. Fotue
In order to protect coherence of quantum states and reduce the impact of environment on quantum information, we investigate decoherence and relaxation time of magnetopolaron in the presence of three dimensional impurity under strong parabolic potential. The first states energies have been evaluated using the Lee Low Pine transformation and Pekar-type variational method. Parameters such as: decoherence time, transition frequency, spontaneous emission, Shannon entropy, relaxation time and probability density, have been evaluated. It has been seen that the impurity and electron-phonon coupling constant have a considerable effect on formation, protection of quantum qubit and quantum transport. The information exchange measured by the rate of Shannon entropy, has a great dependence on impurity and with its interaction with electrons. The relaxation time τr exhibits increasing behavior as a function of, α, β, and ωc. The electron-phonon coupling constant, impurity and cyclotron frequency are useful parameters to prevent decoherence phenomena. This study paves the way to prolong quantum effect in nanostructure and favor the realization of the future quantum computer.
{"title":"Decoherence and Relaxation Time of Magnetopolaron in the Presence of Three Dimensional Impurity Under Strong Parabolic Potential","authors":"B. Donfack, G. T. Tedondje, T. M. Cedric, C.D.G. Ngoufack, A. Fotue","doi":"10.11648/J.AJMP.20211005.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJMP.20211005.11","url":null,"abstract":"In order to protect coherence of quantum states and reduce the impact of environment on quantum information, we investigate decoherence and relaxation time of magnetopolaron in the presence of three dimensional impurity under strong parabolic potential. The first states energies have been evaluated using the Lee Low Pine transformation and Pekar-type variational method. Parameters such as: decoherence time, transition frequency, spontaneous emission, Shannon entropy, relaxation time and probability density, have been evaluated. It has been seen that the impurity and electron-phonon coupling constant have a considerable effect on formation, protection of quantum qubit and quantum transport. The information exchange measured by the rate of Shannon entropy, has a great dependence on impurity and with its interaction with electrons. The relaxation time τr exhibits increasing behavior as a function of, α, β, and ωc. The electron-phonon coupling constant, impurity and cyclotron frequency are useful parameters to prevent decoherence phenomena. This study paves the way to prolong quantum effect in nanostructure and favor the realization of the future quantum computer.","PeriodicalId":7717,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Physics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77857828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.11648/J.AJMP.20211004.13
A. Blanovsky
By many accounts, Lorentz was ahead of his time by suggesting before quantum mechanics that some disturbances, like waves, travel with particles through a vacuum without moving it. The waves associated with the Lorentz metrics are described by the Klein-Gordon equation and dispersion relation w2=c2k2+wc2. In hydromechanics, they are known as non-propagating waves and wc is a constant called the cutoff frequency. The waves are not propagating if their frequency is below the cutoff frequency wc. Their group and phase velocity are related by vu=c2, in the infinite k limit v=u=c. A quantum object is considered as a particle moving in resonance with wave characterized by the Klein-Gordon dispersion relation with cutoff or Compton frequencywc=mc2/ħ. This approach brings field values (group velocity and intensity of transverse non-propagating waves) into Maxwell's equations, and antiparticles or non-propagating waves with negative group velocity into Newtonian mechanics. In classical astrophysics, matter-antimatter interactions led to the universe expansion, formation of galaxiesand sources of intense cosmic radiation. Classical field theory could play a major role in clean energy research. In particular, concentrating solar power (CSP) systems, i.e. Stirling engine (SE) or small direct-heated tower, with thermal energy storage (TES), diffuse light-utilizing photovoltaic (PV) cell and 3D-printed thermal field emission (TFE) converters will dramatically lower the cost and energy payback time of the CSP technologies. The design explores recent developments in field-effect PV cells. 3D-printed TFE panels-integrated in TES or micro-channel solar receivers. The improved performance of the TFE converter compared to photovoltaic cells at high temperatures is attributed to the simultaneous use of diffusion and ballistic electron transport to harvest both thermal and photon energy. In addition, a gas cooled water moderated reactor is explored to integrate electrical-in-nature nuclear energy into smart micro-grids. and convert the most hazardous wastes into an emission-free fuel and medical isotopes. Transmutation reactor, in which depleted uranium acts initially as an absorber and later as fuel, behaves like fast reactors, but without their difficult control problems and high fissile fuel load.
{"title":"Classical Physics-based Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition Concept","authors":"A. Blanovsky","doi":"10.11648/J.AJMP.20211004.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJMP.20211004.13","url":null,"abstract":"By many accounts, Lorentz was ahead of his time by suggesting before quantum mechanics that some disturbances, like waves, travel with particles through a vacuum without moving it. The waves associated with the Lorentz metrics are described by the Klein-Gordon equation and dispersion relation w2=c2k2+wc2. In hydromechanics, they are known as non-propagating waves and wc is a constant called the cutoff frequency. The waves are not propagating if their frequency is below the cutoff frequency wc. Their group and phase velocity are related by vu=c2, in the infinite k limit v=u=c. A quantum object is considered as a particle moving in resonance with wave characterized by the Klein-Gordon dispersion relation with cutoff or Compton frequencywc=mc2/ħ. This approach brings field values (group velocity and intensity of transverse non-propagating waves) into Maxwell's equations, and antiparticles or non-propagating waves with negative group velocity into Newtonian mechanics. In classical astrophysics, matter-antimatter interactions led to the universe expansion, formation of galaxiesand sources of intense cosmic radiation. Classical field theory could play a major role in clean energy research. In particular, concentrating solar power (CSP) systems, i.e. Stirling engine (SE) or small direct-heated tower, with thermal energy storage (TES), diffuse light-utilizing photovoltaic (PV) cell and 3D-printed thermal field emission (TFE) converters will dramatically lower the cost and energy payback time of the CSP technologies. The design explores recent developments in field-effect PV cells. 3D-printed TFE panels-integrated in TES or micro-channel solar receivers. The improved performance of the TFE converter compared to photovoltaic cells at high temperatures is attributed to the simultaneous use of diffusion and ballistic electron transport to harvest both thermal and photon energy. In addition, a gas cooled water moderated reactor is explored to integrate electrical-in-nature nuclear energy into smart micro-grids. and convert the most hazardous wastes into an emission-free fuel and medical isotopes. Transmutation reactor, in which depleted uranium acts initially as an absorber and later as fuel, behaves like fast reactors, but without their difficult control problems and high fissile fuel load.","PeriodicalId":7717,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84735982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.11648/J.AJMP.20211004.12
S. Weyna
This publication presents new research techniques for noise abatement on ships obtaining vibroacoustic parameters of passenger and crew accommodations for newly designed ships. The construction of low-noise ships is a new technical challenge for naval architects, shipbuilders and shipowners. It also requires a new way of looking at these problems. The suggested new research methods based on sound intensity (SI) and laser anemometry techniques (PIV, LDA) in combination with graphical presentation as acoustical imaging (AI) of the field distribution of acoustic wave flows, gives a full range of interpretation possibilities of energy effects and the precautions taken. This will ensure vibro-acoustic optimisation of the product and meet design and standardisation objectives for noise and vibration levels on board. SI analyses are supported by acoustic orthogonal decomposition (AOD) of disturbed acoustic vector fields with a turbulent structure. The innovative SI-AOD method, combined with acoustical imaging (AI) of the results, allows a comprehensive interpretation of noise causes and becomes an highly effective tool for noise abatement on board ships. With a new, holistic approach to explain the mechanism of penetration of structure-borne and airborne sounds into ship interiors, it creates a balance of acoustic power of local sources of noise, which is the basis for the choice of methods for noise reduction. The author describes the mechanism of noise generation inside shipboard accommodations and in shipboard HVAC systems.
{"title":"Silent Ships - a New Challenge for the Shipbuilding Industry","authors":"S. Weyna","doi":"10.11648/J.AJMP.20211004.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJMP.20211004.12","url":null,"abstract":"This publication presents new research techniques for noise abatement on ships obtaining vibroacoustic parameters of passenger and crew accommodations for newly designed ships. The construction of low-noise ships is a new technical challenge for naval architects, shipbuilders and shipowners. It also requires a new way of looking at these problems. The suggested new research methods based on sound intensity (SI) and laser anemometry techniques (PIV, LDA) in combination with graphical presentation as acoustical imaging (AI) of the field distribution of acoustic wave flows, gives a full range of interpretation possibilities of energy effects and the precautions taken. This will ensure vibro-acoustic optimisation of the product and meet design and standardisation objectives for noise and vibration levels on board. SI analyses are supported by acoustic orthogonal decomposition (AOD) of disturbed acoustic vector fields with a turbulent structure. The innovative SI-AOD method, combined with acoustical imaging (AI) of the results, allows a comprehensive interpretation of noise causes and becomes an highly effective tool for noise abatement on board ships. With a new, holistic approach to explain the mechanism of penetration of structure-borne and airborne sounds into ship interiors, it creates a balance of acoustic power of local sources of noise, which is the basis for the choice of methods for noise reduction. The author describes the mechanism of noise generation inside shipboard accommodations and in shipboard HVAC systems.","PeriodicalId":7717,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Physics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85967917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.11648/J.AJMP.20211003.13
Mamadou Bamba Sene, A. Diao, Alioune Faye, C. Mbow
In this paper, a three-dimensional study on a polycrystalline silicon solar cell under polychromatic illumination in an instational regime. The influence of grain size, recombination velocity at the grain boundaries on the density of the minority carriers of a silicon solar cell, is presented. Based on the continuity equation of the minority carriers in the solar cell base, the expressions of the photocurrent density and the photovoltage in function of the grain size, the recombination velocity, are deduced. The continuity equation of the carriers has been solved by a numerical method with boundary conditions and physical constants fixed in relation to our reference model. The influence of time t on the density of the carriers and on the electric power was presented in this work also. The electrical voltage and current were studied according to the recombination velocity. The conversion efficiency according to the grain size and also presented an assessment of the performance of our model of study. The expressions of the output power and the energy conversion of the solar cell, are determined in order to optimize its functional state. We recall that, the objective is to make a numerical resolution, making fewer simplifying hypotheses so that the study is closer to reality compared to other methods of resolution.
{"title":"3-D Modeling of a Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cell Under Polychromatic Illumination: Effects of the Grain Size and the Recombination Velocity at the Boundaries","authors":"Mamadou Bamba Sene, A. Diao, Alioune Faye, C. Mbow","doi":"10.11648/J.AJMP.20211003.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJMP.20211003.13","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a three-dimensional study on a polycrystalline silicon solar cell under polychromatic illumination in an instational regime. The influence of grain size, recombination velocity at the grain boundaries on the density of the minority carriers of a silicon solar cell, is presented. Based on the continuity equation of the minority carriers in the solar cell base, the expressions of the photocurrent density and the photovoltage in function of the grain size, the recombination velocity, are deduced. The continuity equation of the carriers has been solved by a numerical method with boundary conditions and physical constants fixed in relation to our reference model. The influence of time t on the density of the carriers and on the electric power was presented in this work also. The electrical voltage and current were studied according to the recombination velocity. The conversion efficiency according to the grain size and also presented an assessment of the performance of our model of study. The expressions of the output power and the energy conversion of the solar cell, are determined in order to optimize its functional state. We recall that, the objective is to make a numerical resolution, making fewer simplifying hypotheses so that the study is closer to reality compared to other methods of resolution.","PeriodicalId":7717,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Physics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89637066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-07DOI: 10.11648/J.AJMP.20211002.13
Yaoyang Liu, La-Zhen Sun
In this article we obtain the Coulombian potential of spinor and scalar particle with the quantum field theory, there is no difference between the spinor and scalar particle. Similarly the Newtonian potential of spinor particle and scalar particle are also obtained with the quantum field theory, however it is found that the Newtonian potential of scalar particle is half of the Newtonian potential of spinor particle with same mass, it contradicts with the equality of gravitational and inertial mass. The Newtionian potential of the spinor particle can be used to obtain the Newtonian potentials of the sun,the earth and so on, therefore we suggest that it should be considered to be the experimental test of the gravitational theory of Einstein.
{"title":"The Newtonian Potential of the Static Scalar Particle","authors":"Yaoyang Liu, La-Zhen Sun","doi":"10.11648/J.AJMP.20211002.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJMP.20211002.13","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we obtain the Coulombian potential of spinor and scalar particle with the quantum field theory, there is no difference between the spinor and scalar particle. Similarly the Newtonian potential of spinor particle and scalar particle are also obtained with the quantum field theory, however it is found that the Newtonian potential of scalar particle is half of the Newtonian potential of spinor particle with same mass, it contradicts with the equality of gravitational and inertial mass. The Newtionian potential of the spinor particle can be used to obtain the Newtonian potentials of the sun,the earth and so on, therefore we suggest that it should be considered to be the experimental test of the gravitational theory of Einstein.","PeriodicalId":7717,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Physics","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73227441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-07DOI: 10.11648/J.AJMP.20211003.11
A. Dubničková, S. Dubnička
In this paper a consistency of new very precise data on electron-positron annihilation into proton-antiproton pair total cross section with existing proton and neutron electromagnetic form factors data is investigated. First, the result is represented by a theoretically predicted dashed line for the total cross section obtained in the simultaneous analysis of the proton and neutron form factors data by the advanced nucleon electromagnetic structure Unitary and Analytic model, and then, as the neutron data are always less precise from objective reasons than the proton data, the result is also represented by a theoretically predicted full line for the total cross section obtained in the analysis of only the proton form factors data in space-like and time-like regions by the advanced proton electromagnetic structure Unitary and Analytic model. In both cases one finds disagreement between the electron-positron annihilation into proton-antiproton pair total cross section data and the corresponding form factors data, which is demonstrated by a disagreement of the dashed and full curves representing theoretically predicted electron-positron annihilation into proton-antiproton pair total cross sections behaviors.
{"title":"Proton Electromagnetic Form Factors Data Are in Disagreement with New Electron-Positron Annihilation into Proton-Antiproton Pair Total Cross Section Measurements","authors":"A. Dubničková, S. Dubnička","doi":"10.11648/J.AJMP.20211003.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJMP.20211003.11","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a consistency of new very precise data on electron-positron annihilation into proton-antiproton pair total cross section with existing proton and neutron electromagnetic form factors data is investigated. First, the result is represented by a theoretically predicted dashed line for the total cross section obtained in the simultaneous analysis of the proton and neutron form factors data by the advanced nucleon electromagnetic structure Unitary and Analytic model, and then, as the neutron data are always less precise from objective reasons than the proton data, the result is also represented by a theoretically predicted full line for the total cross section obtained in the analysis of only the proton form factors data in space-like and time-like regions by the advanced proton electromagnetic structure Unitary and Analytic model. In both cases one finds disagreement between the electron-positron annihilation into proton-antiproton pair total cross section data and the corresponding form factors data, which is demonstrated by a disagreement of the dashed and full curves representing theoretically predicted electron-positron annihilation into proton-antiproton pair total cross sections behaviors.","PeriodicalId":7717,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Physics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85452455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-23DOI: 10.11648/J.AJMP.20211002.11
V. Sapunov
Advance of pest diversity on urban area is reality of modern time. Actual biological technologies are unable to prevent this process. Sometimes struggle leads to negative results in particular under use of chemical pesticides. Use of clean ecological methods must be strategy of nearest future. The basis of such a technology must be imitation of wild nature processes. There are 4 groups of such a technique. They are: ecological, genetical, chemical-and-ecological, physical-and-ecological. Ecological ones are based on natural intra species relations. They are: competition, host-parasites and predator-prey. The use of competition is only way to complete suffocation of unprofitable species by less dangerous one. Genetically methods are based on selection and gene engineering. Chemical-and-ecological methods are based on use of natural biological activity compounds of their analogs. Such compounds are: hormones, anti hormones, biological toxins, attractants and repellents. Ecological-and-physical methods are based on use of natural fields such as acoustical (sound, ultrasound, infrasound) and electromagnetic. Only composition and rotation of all the methods may become the basis for effective control of urban pest populations.
{"title":"Clean Ecological Methods of Struggle with Urban Pests","authors":"V. Sapunov","doi":"10.11648/J.AJMP.20211002.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJMP.20211002.11","url":null,"abstract":"Advance of pest diversity on urban area is reality of modern time. Actual biological technologies are unable to prevent this process. Sometimes struggle leads to negative results in particular under use of chemical pesticides. Use of clean ecological methods must be strategy of nearest future. The basis of such a technology must be imitation of wild nature processes. There are 4 groups of such a technique. They are: ecological, genetical, chemical-and-ecological, physical-and-ecological. Ecological ones are based on natural intra species relations. They are: competition, host-parasites and predator-prey. The use of competition is only way to complete suffocation of unprofitable species by less dangerous one. Genetically methods are based on selection and gene engineering. Chemical-and-ecological methods are based on use of natural biological activity compounds of their analogs. Such compounds are: hormones, anti hormones, biological toxins, attractants and repellents. Ecological-and-physical methods are based on use of natural fields such as acoustical (sound, ultrasound, infrasound) and electromagnetic. Only composition and rotation of all the methods may become the basis for effective control of urban pest populations.","PeriodicalId":7717,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Physics","volume":"56 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83355571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-23DOI: 10.11648/J.AJMP.20211002.12
B. Novakovic
Here it is started with the proportionality between Planck’s and related gravitational parameters. Using the ratio between Planck mass and related minimal gravitational radius (half of Planck length) we obtain maximal radial density (kg/m) in gravitational field. On the other hand, minimal radial density one obtains using the ratio between Planck mass and related maximal radius in gravitational field. It is based on new Relativistic Alpha Field Theory (RAFT) that predicts the existence of minimal and maximal gravitational radius in a gravitational field. Thus, no singularity at the minimal gravitational radius and no infinity at the maximal gravitational radius. It is shown that the maximal radial density is constant and is valid for all amounts of masses. Also, minimal radial density is constant and is valid for all amounts of masses. Using Planck parameters, it is calculated the energy conservation constant k = 0.999934. Since this constant is less from unity and grater from zero, the minimal gravitational radius cannot be zero (no singularity in a gravitational field) and maximal gravitational radius cannot be infinitive (no infinity in gravitational field). Here quantization of a gravitational field is based on the multiplication of the minimal gravitational length (twice of minimal radius) by parameter n =1, 2,… The calculation of the minimum time transition between two quantum state for the proton gives 0.413466×10-62 seconds. The minimal expansion time from minimal to maximal radius of proton is equal to 1.253992×10-58 sec. This is in accordance with recently observation, revealing nano big bang: the first millisecond of crystal formation. The calculation of the minimum time transition between two quantum state for Universe is 13.948503×109 years. The minimal expansion time from minimal to maximal radius of Universe is equal to 422,151.136168×109 years. Previous calculation is based on the velocity equal to the speed of light. Since the real transition velocity is less than the speed of light, the real transition and expansion times are greater compare to the previous calculation. Following the previous results, one can understand why the quantum approach has only sense for the small mases i.e. particles.
{"title":"Minimum Time Transition Between Quantum States in Gravitational Field","authors":"B. Novakovic","doi":"10.11648/J.AJMP.20211002.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJMP.20211002.12","url":null,"abstract":"Here it is started with the proportionality between Planck’s and related gravitational parameters. Using the ratio between Planck mass and related minimal gravitational radius (half of Planck length) we obtain maximal radial density (kg/m) in gravitational field. On the other hand, minimal radial density one obtains using the ratio between Planck mass and related maximal radius in gravitational field. It is based on new Relativistic Alpha Field Theory (RAFT) that predicts the existence of minimal and maximal gravitational radius in a gravitational field. Thus, no singularity at the minimal gravitational radius and no infinity at the maximal gravitational radius. It is shown that the maximal radial density is constant and is valid for all amounts of masses. Also, minimal radial density is constant and is valid for all amounts of masses. Using Planck parameters, it is calculated the energy conservation constant k = 0.999934. Since this constant is less from unity and grater from zero, the minimal gravitational radius cannot be zero (no singularity in a gravitational field) and maximal gravitational radius cannot be infinitive (no infinity in gravitational field). Here quantization of a gravitational field is based on the multiplication of the minimal gravitational length (twice of minimal radius) by parameter n =1, 2,… The calculation of the minimum time transition between two quantum state for the proton gives 0.413466×10-62 seconds. The minimal expansion time from minimal to maximal radius of proton is equal to 1.253992×10-58 sec. This is in accordance with recently observation, revealing nano big bang: the first millisecond of crystal formation. The calculation of the minimum time transition between two quantum state for Universe is 13.948503×109 years. The minimal expansion time from minimal to maximal radius of Universe is equal to 422,151.136168×109 years. Previous calculation is based on the velocity equal to the speed of light. Since the real transition velocity is less than the speed of light, the real transition and expansion times are greater compare to the previous calculation. Following the previous results, one can understand why the quantum approach has only sense for the small mases i.e. particles.","PeriodicalId":7717,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Modern Physics","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84078225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-17DOI: 10.11648/J.AJMP.20211001.12
Yinghui Guo, Zongchun Li
The location reference for the precision installation of components of particle accelerator is provided by tunnel installation control network. The long and narrow control network has big accumulated error with increasing distance. In order to decrease the accumulated survey error of tunnel installation control network of particle accelerator, a sectional control method is proposed. Firstly, the accumulation rule of positional error with the length of control network is obtained by simulation calculation according to the shape of tunnel installation control network. Then, the RMS of horizontal positional precision of tunnel backbone control network is taken as the threshold. When the accumulated error is bigger than the threshold, tunnel installation control network should be divided into subsections reasonably. On each segment, the middle survey station is taken as the datum for independent adjustment calculation. Finally, by taking the backbone control points as faint datums, the weighted partial parameters adjustment is performed with the adjustment results of each segment and the coordinates of backbone control points. The subsections are jointed and unified into the global coordinate system in the adjustment process. An installation control network of linac with a length of 1.6 km is simulated. The RMS of positional deviation of the proposed method is 2.583 mm, and the RMS of the difference of positional deviation between adjacent points reaches 0.035 mm. Experimental results show that the proposed sectional control method can not only effectively decrease the accumulated survey error, but also guarantee the relative positional precision of installation control network. So it can be applied in the data processing of tunnel installation control network, especially for large particle accelerators.
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