Science China Chemistry最新文献

Nanomedicine has emerged as a dynamically evolving frontier in contemporary medical research. However, the development of nanomedicine is impeded by significant challenges due to its complex, multidisciplinary nature, necessitating the exploration of innovative solutions. Artificial intelligence (AI) has established itself as a pivotal and rapidly advancing domain within nanomedicine research. By leveraging its robust data processing and analytical capabilities, AI can efficiently analyze large datasets and accurately predict the properties and medical functions of nanomaterials. Over the past years, AI applications have proliferated across critical nanomedicine subdomains, including intelligent nanobiosensors for precision diagnostics, AI-optimized nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery, machine learning-guided adjuvant therapy systems, and predictive computational models for nanosafety evaluation. This review aims to provide a thorough analysis of AI’s influence throughout the entire spectrum of nanomedicine, as well as the formidable challenges and extraordinary potential for pioneering researchers.

The exposome is defined as the cumulative lifetime exposure to exogenous environmental factors and their corresponding biological responses, thereby providing a holistic framework for elucidating the complex interplay between environmental determinants and human health outcomes. Understanding these complex interactions is important for identifying the causes of diseases and associated risk factors. Recent advances in analytical methodologies employed in exposomics, including mass spectrometry and sensor-based platforms, have significantly expanded our capacity to identify and quantify both external exposures and internal biological responses. This review explores recent advancements and practical applications of these techniques in environmental health studies, with a focus on their role in detecting and characterizing complex exposure patterns. Additionally, we discuss the challenges in exposome research and propose strategies to improve its application, thereby reinforcing the potential of the exposome paradigm in advancing precision public health.

The development of advanced materials and technologies in the field of sustainability is of vital importance for addressing environmental pollution. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) show great potential in the field of environmental remediation due to their ordered structure, high porosity, low density, large specific surface area, alongside excellent chemical stability. These features position COFs as promising candidates for environmental remediation. However, COFs usually exist in powder form with poor processability and recyclability. To overcome such challenges, the construction of COF-based aerogels with a unique three-dimensional interconnected pore structure and extremely low density is considered an important means to realize their device applications. The research on the development of advanced COF aerogel composites at the molecular level opens up a new way and provides a new choice of multifunctional materials for environmental governance. This review focuses on COF aerogels and systematically summarizes their synthesis methods and development in environmental applications.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) hold great promise to be the next-generation large-scale energy storage system due to their cost-effectiveness and resource availability. More importantly, sodium-ion batteries have energy density approaching that of lithium-ion batteries, outperforming most of their counterparts. Further improvement of their energy density depends on the innovation of high-capacity layered sodium-ion cathodes, which entails the participation of anionic redox whose origin and reversibility are closely associated with the superstructures in the transition metal layer. Recently, various superstructures were found in layered sodium-ion cathodes and were tightly correlated with their anionic redox activity and electrochemistry. Given its high importance in tailoring the performance of sodium-ion cathodes, in this minireview, we systematically summarize the recent progress of superstructure in SIBs, assisting in understanding the underlying mechanism of anionic redox that is coupled with transition metal migration, O-O dimer formation, and consequently, the voltage hysteresis. We start with the structure-relationship between anionic redox and superstructures (mainly honeycomb, ribbon and mesh superstructures) by delving into the band structure of these Na-based cathodes. The different properties of the three main superstructures are then compared and discussed, followed by a revisit of recent progress on varying the honeycomb superstructures. Finally, we present our perspectives on how to utilize such superstructure-related anionic redox via stabilizing and tuning the structural units with various strategies. We hope this minireview can clarify the various characteristics of different superstructures and offer a unique insight toward high-energy-density sodium-ion batteries with anionic redox.

An N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed [3+3] cycloaddition reaction is developed for the enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of tricyclic pyrimidine rings bearing contiguous C–N and C–C stereogenic axes. The chiral products were obtained in moderate yields and excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities. Notably, these functionalized molecules exhibit significant potential applications in organic synthesis and bactericide development.

The nucleophile can be oxidized by electrophilic intermediates generated on electrocatalysts under the oxidation potential, and nucleophile oxidation reaction (NOR) has attracted extensive attention in the fields of coupling hydrogen production and organic electrosynthesis. Given that NOR involves electrocatalysis and organic chemistry, the development of this cross-disciplinary field requires a close multi-disciplinary collaboration. Although numerous studies about NOR have sprung up, researchers cannot agree on the NOR mechanism, let alone on utilizing the NOR mechanism. Hence, critically reviewing past works is crucial to establishing a unified conclusion for the NOR mechanism. This review concludes the current progress of NOR and proposes a unified NOR mechanism, which offers guidance and inspiration to subsequent studies of NOR. Firstly, we summarize the adjustable NOR systems, including multiple high-efficiency NOR electrocatalysts and numerous substrate/product systems. Secondly, we discuss the NOR mechanism involving an electrochemical step and a spontaneous non-electrochemical process, and propose the connection between the non-electrochemical process and the nucleophile oxidation pathway. Thirdly, we highlight the design principle of highly effective NOR electrocatalysts based on the NOR mechanism. Finally, several critical issues for the future development of NOR are presented.