American journal of translational research最新文献

To study the impact of modified embedded vertical mattress suture technique in conjunction with trapezoidal resection on the formation of scars after cesarean section. This retrospective study involved 339 pregnant women who had cesarean sections at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from September 2020 to August 2023. Among them, 150 patients who received traditional subcutaneous fat layer discontinuous suture during September 2020 and June 2022 were assigned to the control group, and 152 patients who received improved buried vertical mattress suture technique and trapezoidal resection between July 2022 and August 2023 were assigned to the observation group. The therapeutic effect, surgical parameters and cosmetic effects in the two groups were compared. The suture time of the observation group was longer than that of the control group (t=27.858, P<0.001). The grade A healing rate (96.05%) and cosmetic satisfaction rate (94.08%) in the observation group were significantly higher than those (76.00% and 74.00%) in the control group (all P<0.001); while the incidences of suture reaction (12.05%), complication (1.96%), and hypertrophic scar (5.26%) were significantly lower than those in the control group (38.00%, 22.00%, and 27.33%, respectively) (all P<0.001). The visual analogue scale (VAS) score in the observation group was lower than that of the control group (intergroup effect: F=1434.000, P<0.001; time effect: F=91.091, P<0.001; interaction effect: F=2.409, P=0.091). The postoperative VSS score and scar width in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that complications (P=0.006) and suture method (P=0.016) were independent influencing factors for the occurrence of hypertrophic scars in pregnant women. Trapezoidal resection combined with improved buried vertical mattress suture technique can promote incision healing, reduce suture reaction, incision pain, adverse complications and the incidence of hyperplastic scar, and improve the cosmetic effect of surgery.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is defined as the acute onset of diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltration, leading to PaO₂/FiO₂ ≤ 300 mmHg without clinical evidence of left atrial hypertension. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) involves more severe hypoxemia (PaO₂/FiO₂ ≤ 200 mmHg). Treatment of ALI and ARDS has received renewed attention as the incidence of ALI caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has increased. Itaconate and its derivatives have shown therapeutic potential against ALI. This review provides an in-depth summary of the mechanistic research of itaconate in the field of acute lung injury, including inducing autophagy, preventing ferroptosis and pyroptosis, shifting macrophage polarization to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, inhibiting neutrophil activation, regulating epigenetic modifications, and repressing aerobic glycolysis. These compounds merit further consideration in clinical trials. We anticipate that the clinical translation of itaconate-based drugs can be accelerated.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between visual function and macular microstructure in highly myopic patients undergoing surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods: Fifty-eight highly myopic patients treated in the Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital between December 2021 and September 2023 were selected as the research participants for retrospective analysis. All patients were complicated with RRD and underwent retinal reattachment surgery at Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital after diagnosis. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) examinations were performed before and 3 months after surgery, and visual field mean sensitivity (MS) and fixation stability (FS) were measured by microperimetry. Additionally, changes in postoperative macular microstructure and micro blood flow were determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and their correlations with visual function were analyzed.

Results: Patients showed reduced BCVA, MS, and FS after surgery (all P<0.05), with 70.69% of them presenting with macular microstructural changes, mainly ellipsoid zone disruption and external limiting membrane disruption. Patients with macular microstructural changes exhibited significantly decreased BCVA, MS, and FS than those without (all P<0.05). In terms of micro blood flow, the BCVA, FS, and MS of patients with macular microstructural changes were negatively correlated with the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area but were positively related to FAZ morphological index, PSCP, and VSCP (all P<0.05).

Conclusions: Changes in patients' visual function after surgery for RRD can be effectively evaluated by observing the macular ellipsoid, the integrity of the external limiting membrane, and the alterations in micro-blood flow, enabling the formulation of early and targeted interventions.

Background/purpose: The RAS superfamily oncogenes play significant roles in various types of malignant tumors. However, little is known about the role of RAS-like oncoprotein B (RALB) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study evaluated whether RALB can be a prognostic and therapeutic target for HNSCC.

Materials and methods: A total of 504 HNSCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were segregated into two groups: RALB-high and RALB-low. The clinical significance of RALB expression in HNSCC patients was investigated. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were performed in HN-1 and HN-5 cells by silencing RALB using siRNA. Gene enrichment and immune infiltration analyses were also performed.

Results: RALB expression was elevated in HNSCC tissues compared with normal tissues and was an independent risk factor associated with poor prognosis. A nomogram including the RALB expression level was established to predict the prognosis of HNSCC patients and showed highest sensitivity and benefit in predicting the three-year survival. The inhibition of RALB expression effectively impeded the proliferation, invasion, and migration of HNSCC cells. Importantly, RALB levels were significantly correlated with T cell-mediated immune responses, especially in human papillomavirus-positive HNSCC samples.

Conclusion: This study identified RALB as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for HNSCC, and provided insight into the relationship between RALB and revealed an innovative strategy for HNSCC immunotherapy.

Objective: To investigate the correlations of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score with the prognosis of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and respiratory failure.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 110 elderly COPD patients with respiratory failure. General information, inflammatory indices (PLR, NLR), and pulmonary function scores were collected. Statistical comparisons were made using t-tests and chi-square tests. ROC curve analysis evaluated the predictive value of the investigated variables.

Results: Compared to the good-prognosis group, the poor-prognosis group exhibited significantly higher PLR, NLR levels, as well as higher COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and APACHE II scores. Logistic regression analysis identified PLR, NLR, and APACHE II scores as independent prognostic risk factors for COPD patients with respiratory failure. ROC curve analysis confirmed the high predictive value of these variables in forecasting prognosis.

Conclusion: PLR, NLR, and APACHE II scores, exhibiting correlations with prognosis in elderly COPD patients with respiratory failure, can serve as valuable biomarkers for patient prognosis.

Background: This paper aims to explore the mechanism of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the immune function of patients having pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH).

Methods: Through a retrospective study, 168 patients with PIH syndrome who were cured at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University (January 2020 to December 2021) were randomly divided into the Omega-3 treated group and the control group, with 84 cases in each group. The control group received treatment with magnesium sulfate. The other group was treated with PUFAs based on the magnesium sulfate treatment. To evaluate the differences in diastolic pressure, systolic pressure and inflammatory factors between the Omega-3 treated group and control group, statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 23.0 software. The measurement data were subject to t-test, and x ² test was adopted for counting data.

Results: The treatment efficiency of the Omega-3 treated group and the control group was 95.24% and 80.95%, respectively, with a significant difference (P<0.05). Before receiving treatment, there was no difference in diastolic and systolic pressure, various inflammatory factors and various immune functions between these two groups (P>0.05). The group treated with omega-3 had lower CD3+, CD4+ and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio than the control group (P<0,05). The Omega-3 treated group had significantly higher IL-4 and CD8+ than those in the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Intravenous injection of Omega-3 can reduce blood pressure, improve immune function, and reduce inflammatory reactions in patients with gestational hypertension.

Objective: To explore the risk factors for refractory peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data from 130 patients who underwent peritoneal dialysis (PD) and received peritonitis treatment at the Renal Disease Center of Beijing Luhe Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University from January 1, 2016 to January 30, 2023. According to clinical treatment results, patients with refractory peritonitis were classified as the refractory group (n=52 cases), and those with non-refractory peritonitis were classified as the non-refractory group (n=78 cases). Baseline information and laboratory indicators of patients in each group were collected, and Logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors for the poor prognosis of peritonitis patients.

Results: There were statistically significant differences in dialysis time, dialysate sugar concentration and inducement type between the refractory group and the non-refractory group (P<0.05). The values of peripheral white blood cells (pWBC), T helper 2 cell (Th2), T regulatory cell (Treg), Treg/Th17 and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the refractory group were significantly higher than those in the non-refractory group, while the values of T helper 17 cell (Th17) and albumin (ALB) were significantly lower (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in serum creatinine, blood urea, Th1, hemoglobin (Hb) and blood calcium levels between the two groups (all P>0.05). Gram-positive bacteria were the main pathogenic bacteria of peritonitis in all groups. The proportion of enterococcus/streptococcal peritonitis in the refractory group was higher than that in the non-refractory group (P<0.05). Logistic regression identified elevated pWBC, higher dialysate sugar concentration, exit-site infection and gram-negative bacteria infection as independent risk factors for refractory peritonitis in patients undergoing PD (all P<0.05).

Conclusion: Elevated pWBC, high glucose dialysate concentration, exit-site infection, and gram-negative bacteria infection are risk factors for refractory peritonitis in patients undergoing PD.

This study examines the potential association between Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) and Candida albicans infection, exploring its potential impact on the development of OLP. A meta-analysis of individual case-control studies was performed, estimating odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A quality assessment of the literature was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Due to considerable heterogeneity in the selected studies, subgroup analyses were performed based on geographical location and recruitment methods. No significant publication bias was detected. A sensitivity analysis validated the robustness of the findings when applying a random-effects model. The meta-analysis included ten studies, comprising 1,124 OLP patients and 1,063 healthy controls. Results indicated a significantly higher detection rate of Candida albicans in OLP patients compared to healthy controls (OR = 1.74, P = 0.003, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.52). Additionally, an increased risk of Candida albicans infection was observed in erosive OLP (E-OLP) patients compared to healthy controls (OR = 3.97, 95% CI: 2.31, 6.84, P < 0.00001). These findings suggest a complex interplay between OLP and Candida albicans, highlighting the need for further research to elucidate the varying susceptibilities among different clinical types of OLP. This study provides novel insights for future research directions and clinical treatment strategies in this field.

Objective: To identify the influencing factors of gastrointestinal bleeding in children with abdominal-type Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) and to assess the diagnostic value of PLR (platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 112 children with abdominal HSP admitted to Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital from April 2021 to May 2023. Among them, 62 cases with gastrointestinal bleeding constituted the bleeding group, while the other 50 cases without gastrointestinal bleeding comprised the non-bleeding group. We compared PLR and related routine blood indicators between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding. HSP children with gastrointestinal bleeding were further categorized based on treatment efficacy, and the predictive value of PLR for treatment efficacy was analyzed.

Results: The observation group exhibited significantly higher levels of WBC, NEU, PLT, MPV, C-reactive protein, and PLR, along with lower lymphocyte levels compared to the control group (all P < 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed associations between symptom onset, abdominal pain, vomiting, levels of WBC, NEU, LYM, PLT, PLR, C-reactive protein and gastrointestinal bleeding (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis identified onset with abdominal pain, high WBC values, and elevated PLR ratios as risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding. The ROC curve demonstrated an AUC of 0.914 for PLR in predicting gastrointestinal bleeding. Additionally, PLR was significantly lower in the good efficacy group compared to the poor efficacy group. The AUC of PLR in predicting treatment efficacy was 0.804, indicating high predictive value.

Conclusion: Elevated PLR may serve as a potential risk factor for gastrointestinal bleeding in children with abdominal-type allergic purpura. Monitoring changes in PLR could aid in diagnosis and improvements in treatment for this condition.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP), tumor-supplied growth factor group (TSGF), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for pediatric osteosarcoma.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 81 pediatric osteosarcoma patients (osteosarcoma group) and 63 patients with benign bone tumors (benign bone tumor group) admitted to Yantaishan Hospital from February 2023 to November 2023 was conducted. Basic and clinical data differences between the two groups of children were compared. A multivariate regression model was established to determine predictive factors for pediatric osteosarcoma, and the diagnostic value of identified indicators for pediatric osteosarcoma was evaluated.

Results: Osteosarcoma group demonstrated significantly higher serum AKP (375.76±73.47 vs 286.12±76.50 U/L), TSGF (69.01±16.30 vs 53.57±16.37 U/mL), and LDH (269.55±66.96 vs 207.46±59.20 U/L) levels as compared to the benign bone tumor group. Correlation analysis suggested significant positive correlations between AKP (rho=0.505), TSGF (rho=406), LDH (rho=0.449) and pediatric osteosarcoma. Multivariate regression analysis showed serum AKP, TSGF, and LDH were independent predictive factor for pediatric osteosarcoma. The AUC value for AKP was 0.794, with a Youden index of 0.459; the AUC value for TSGF was 0.736, with a Youden index of 0.406; and the AUC value for LDH was 0.761, with a Youden index of 0.462. The combined use of these three biomarkers yielded an AUC of 0.886.

Conclusion: The combined detection of serum AKP, TSGF, and LDH can enhance the diagnostic accuracy of pediatric osteosarcoma, providing important evidence for clinical treatment.