Journal de parodontologie最新文献

Periodontal diseases are bacteria associated diseases. The host response to these bacteria is critical. Non specific defense mechanisms are mainly mediated by the polymorphonuclear neutrophil which out numbers the others crevicular leucocytes. This paper reviews the beneficial and possible detrimental aspect of the neutrophil functions.

The immune response is now proved to be of great importance in the control of periodontal diseases. The predominant role of T lymphocytes in the mechanisms of specific immunity is admitted and is related to the functions of effectors T cells and T-helper cells, controlling the response of macrophages and the antibody production. The relations between the evolution of the disease and the tissular T/B and T4/T8 ratio and the lymphocyte function tests are discussed.

Four groups of mice, each of a different genotype, were orally inoculated with Actinomyces viscosus. The resulting periodontal bone loss was monitored and the isotype specific anti-A. viscosus serum humoral immune responses measured by ELISA. Maximum periodontal bone loss occurred in all genotypes with inoculation of 1.6 x 107 colony forming units of A. viscosus. IgG and IgM isotype levels increased with inoculation of 1.6 x 107 colony forming units of A. viscosus in three of the four groups, indicating that IgA may be important in producing periodontal bone loss.

Fourteen subjects were examined for lactoferrin content in PMNs of venous blood. Eight of the subjects were diagnosed localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) and four adult periodontitis (AP), all having subgingival occurrence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.). Two subjects had healthy gingival conditions and no detectable A.a. Deficiency or low PMN lactoferrin amounts were found in six of the eight subjects with LJP and in two of the subjects with AP. The reduced lactoferrin content in the PMNs was suggested to be depending on a cytotoxic factor produced by A.a. adding to an intrinsic PMN defect.

A major research problem over the past 10 years is to obtain a new attachment after treatment of roots previously exposed to periodontal disease. Among the most recent studies, two main objectives of surgery are suggested: a selection of cell population and to arrest epithelial migration by guided tissue regeneration with a membrane, and a biological and chemical root preparation with citric acid and fibronectin. A technique for the treatment of deep osseous lesion is put forward here: the association of biodegradable membrane--natural coral--citric acid and fibronectin.

A survey was done at the Center of Child Readaptation at Flavigny (Meurthe-et-Moselle) to determine the effect of a mouth rinse containing 0.03% sanguinaria extract, on the plaque accumulation and gingivitis of 30 children 8 to 17 years old. 13 children had a motricity handicap of their superior members and 17 did not. All subjects rinsed their mouths twice with 15 ml of solution each time. The mouth rinses were performed in the morning and in the evening during three weeks. The children were photographed and examined using the P1I and GI indices on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 35. No statistical significant difference was observed at any moment between children with or without handicapped upper limbs. After 3 weeks of treatment the Plaque Index had decreased 47.3% and Gingival Index 55.6%.

A case of severe dentinal abrasion most probably due to erroneous use of interproximal brushes is shown and discussed as well.

The purpose of this study was to compare the Interplak rotary electric toothbrush with conventional toothbrushing for its effectiveness in controlling supragingival plaque and gingival inflammation. Twenty subjects, received the same hygiene instructions, were selected and divided into two equal groups. One group used conventional toothbrushing (Control group) and the other one used only the rotary electric toothbrush (Test group) for a 4 weeks study period. The plaque index (PLI), the plaque index limited on proximal sides (PPLI), the bleeding index (PBI) and the periodontal destruction index (PDI) were recorded at base line and after 4 weeks. Test group had significantly improved scores for PLI, PPLI and PBI. No differences were found in control group. These results indicate that the rotary electric toothbrush (Interplak is more effective for plaque removal and control of gingival inflammation that classic manual brushing.

The situation and configuration of the occlusal plane can be modified by the process of supra-eruption, which can be split up into: active eruption (the tooth leaves its socket) and periodontal growth. In order to dissociate and better by understand them, supra eruption of the first upper molar was observed in the absence of the first lower molar. Three groups of subjects were selected, the first group, our reference group (n = 50), consisted of subjects with complete healthy dental arches for which we could determine the extent of the gingival margin and the crown height. The second group of subjects (n = 50) differed from the former by the presence of a supra-erupted first upper molar. This allowed us to evaluate the migration of the gingival margin and the crown height increase in terms of the length of time the antagonist tooth was missing. The analysis of these 2 values shows that in the early years after the tooth loss, supra-eruption is due mainly to periodontal growth. It is only later that tooth movement beyond the occlusal plane is due principally to active eruption. The third group was made up of subjects showing pathological conditions of the periodontium. We observed an apical migration of the gingival margin and in increase in crown height, resulting from a periodontal regression (passive eruption) and a rapid active eruption.

The aim of this investigation was to study: the effect of insulin on the periodontal condition; the effect of insulin with age. 340 diabetics participated to this work. The examined teeth were the 16, 21, 24, 36, 41, 44. The indexes (Pl.I., G.I.), the depths of the pockets (upon these teeth); the quantity of gingival fluid (upon 21 and 24 only) were registrated. Statistically: the results showed: a better periodontal condition in the I.D.D. group, the I.D.D. are especially young patients less than 40 years, the insulin is active upon young population only, the periodontal destruction increases with age.