Kanagawa shigaku. The Journal of the Kanagawa Odontological Society最新文献

The chemical structure and immunobiological activities of the cell wall peptidoglycan isolated from Capnocytophaga species was investigated. Peptidoglycan was isolated from Capnocytophaga species strain SE2-2 by boiling in 4% sodium dodecyl sulfate and by digestion with pronase, trypsin and alpha-amylase. Analysis of amino acids and amino sugars of the peptidoglycan revealed that glucosamine, muramic acid, D-glutamic acid, alanine, and diaminopimelic acid (A2pm) were the principal components. Serine and glycine were not found. Dinitrophenylation method revealed that about half of A2pm residue had a free amino group, and analysis by hydrazinolysis showed that a small part of alanine and A2pm located at the C-terminal. The above results indicate that one of the amino groups of A2pm residue at one strand of the stem peptide subunit cross-linked to the carboxyl group of alanine of the neighboring strand. It was thus revealed that the peptidoglycan of Capnocytophaga species belonged to the Al gamma type of the classification by Schleifer and Kandler. Peptidoglycan isolated from Capnocytophaga species strain SE2-2 was found to be definitely adjuvant-active in induction of delayed type hypersensitivity against ovalbumin when administered to guinea pigs as water-in-oil emulsion and in stimulation of increase serum antibody levels. Regarding mitogenicity on splenocytes of BALB/c and BALB/c nu/nu mice, peptidoglycan from Capnocytophaga species was markedly enhanced the uptake [3H] thymidine in dose of 10 micrograms/10(5) cells, however thymocytes were not reactive. Stimulation effects on peritoneal macrophages from a guinea pig to incorporation of 14C-glucosamin was exhibited by addition of 100 micrograms of this peptidoglycan. These findings indicate that peptidoglycan of Capnocytophaga species might eventually be responsible for destruction of periodontal tissue by host mediated activities.

On the age estimation by the amino acid racemization analysis of dentin, besides the utilization of aspartic acid (Asp) as described in earlier reports, we further studied relationships between the D/L ratios based on glutamic acid (Glu) as well as alanine (Ala) and actual ages. The study was followed up by comparing racemization velocities of the three amino acids under some heating experiments. At four steps (6, 24, 48 and 72 hours) of hydrolysis, the coefficient values of D/L ratio of each amino acid and actual age were calculated as 0.986 to 0.994 for Asp, 0.522 to 0.806 for Glu, and 0.577 to 0.737 for Ala. The data indicate that Asp gives an extremely good result. Glu and Ala do provide reliable D/L ratios, however they are not in proportion to actual ages. Consequently, Glu and Ala seem to be much less suitable for utilization in age estimation. Reaction rate constants (k.yr-1) of racemization of Asp, Glu and Ala in antemortem teeth were 5.3825 x 10(-4), 5.1000 x 10(-5) and 2.3875 x 10(-5), respectively. Those in teeth left drying at 15 degrees C were 2.4850 x 10(-8), 1.9119 x 10(-9), and 1.11450 x 10(-9), respectively. Assuming that the reaction velocity of Asp be 1 in both living and dry states, that of Glu were calculated as 0.09 and 0.08, that of Ala, 0.04 and 0.05, indicating very similar rates. The result confirmed that both Glu and Ala gave considerably slow racemization velocities as compared with Asp.

The purpose of this study was to undertake a three-dimensional analysis of the microvascular network of the glandular body and the excretory ducts system of the dog parotid gland using microcorrosive resin casting technique and examined under scanning electron microscope. Results were as follows: 1. Contributed to the direct injection of the resin through the papilla of parotid, not only the excretory ducts but also the striated ducts, intercalated ducts and the end portion were completely filled with resin, thus enabling the fabrication of the intact casts. 2. One of the advantages of the present method was the ability to distinguish the each portion of the excretory ducts system based on the resin casts surface appearance of the different structure of the wall of the lumen. 3. Within the glandular body arteries, veins and excretory ducts vessels were found running their course through the connective tissue, finally emerging through the hilus of lobules into the lobules. However, several arterioles and venules, besides of running through the hilus, directly terminated at the capillary network in lobules. 4. No arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs) were found in the lobules. However, AVAs were observed between the arterioles and venules distributed in the connective tissue around the lobules. 5. A large number of venous valves were observed in the veins immediately emerging from the hilus of lobules and also in the veins within the connective tissue of the gland. 6. Observing the vascular network of excretory ducts system, there was no proper vascular network belong to the intercalated ducts, however, on the striated ducts, one layer of the vascular network composed of dense capillaries was identified. Confluencing with each other, the diameter of excretory duct increased and its vascular network consist of two layers of vascular network of which inner layer was a dense capillary network similar to the striated ducts, the outer layer was a loose network composed of arterioles and venules. In the main excretory duct, these two layers of the vascular network were composed completely. 7. Some AVAs were observed in the arteriole and venule network around the main excretory duct.

Ascorbic acid (AsA) plays an important role in the formation of collagen in the periodontal ligaments. However, the biochemical role of AsA on the cell metabolism of periodontal ligaments remains undeveloped. This study attempts to explore the effect of AsA and L-Ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AsA-P) on the cell proliferation and differentiation, and the activity of cell attachment and spreading of conditioned medium (CM) prepared from human fibroblasts derived from the periodontal ligaments of deciduous teeth (HPLF-Y) and permanent teeth (HPLF) according to the explanation methods described by Saito et al. The effect of AsA and AsA-P on DNA synthesis was observed as 15 to 20 percent enhancement in comparison with that of the control for both HPLF-Y and HPLF with exception of AsA-P for HPLF at the 7 day of cell culture. The ALPase activity of HPLF-Y and HPLF at confluent phase was stimulated significantly by the presence of AsA and AsA-P. By morphological observation, the cell spreading activity of the CM of HPLF-Y exposed with AsA-P was higher than that of exposed with AsA. An induction of the cell attachment factors from HPLF-Y is enhanced intensively by the treatment of AsA-P. Therefore, AsA-P may regulate intensively the proliferation and differentiation of HPLF-Y in terms of DNA synthesis and ALPase activity including the enhanced secretion of attachment and spreading factors.

It has been proposed that Bacteroides gingivalis and Actinomyces viscosus are most important agents to pathogenesis of the periodontitis and gingivitis. In this study, the influences of sonic extracts prepared from B. gingivalis and A. viscosus for DNA synthesis of murine lymphocytes, production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), collagenase and interleukin-1 (IL-1) from human peripheral monocyte were investigated. Furthermore, PGE2 and collagenase production by fibroblasts from human periodontal ligament (HPLF) and gingiva (Gin 1) stimulated with macrophage conditioned medium (MCM) cultured with bacterial sonic extracts were examined. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The sonic extracts (10 micrograms/ml protein) from B. gingivalis and A. viscosus showd low mitogenic activity to spleen cells, however, induced polyclonal B cell activation. 2. Although, the effect of these sonic extracts on the production of PGE2 and collagenase by human peripheral monocyte was not found, the induction of IL-1 production was recognized. 3. The culture supernatants of C3H/HeN mouse peritoneal macrophage stimulated with sonic extracts of B. gingivalis and A. viscosus were induced PGE2 and collagenase production by HPLF and Gin 1. These results suggest that the cellular components of B. gingivalis and A. viscosus may play the pathogenic roles in periodontal tissue destruction through the stimulation of macrophage and/or lymphocyte.

Proper tooth preparation is one of the fundamental requirements in crown & bridge prosthodontics. However, it is difficult for students in particular to prepare adequate convergence angles of abutment tooth in the limited environment of patient's mouth. Therefore, the parallelometer was developed to improve the preparations as a supplementary device which informs the person by a signal of alarming simultaneously when a bur is not properly installed to convergence angles of abutment tooth. Sixty subjects were selected from students of Kanagawa Dental College and they were divided into two groups (A and B) to prepare abutment tooth of lower right 1st molar for full cast crown on typodont mounted into the manikin. A preliminary training was performed for once without the parallelometer for group A and with it for group B prior to a comparative experiment. The following results were obtained with primary regard to convergence angles of abutment tooth. 1. Related to each of four convergence angles, group B is superior to group A in all mean values with a statistical significance (P less than 0.01). 2. Related to a total of four convergence angles by the maximum number of subjects, group B is also superior to group A in a mean value by about ten degrees. 3. A newly developed parallelometer proved to be an efficient supplementary device for training of students to master a technique of preparation for adequate abutment tooth.

The vascular reflex in hamster cheek pouch model was studied. When temperature of the superfusing solution was changed from 37 degrees C, diameter of small artery was increased up to 45 degrees C; instead, the diameter was decreased at the temperature below 37 degrees C to 14 degrees C. These responses of small artery were temperature-dependent. The dilatation of small artery by increasing or decreasing pH from 7.35 was demonstrated. The pH-dependent response of the small artery was found over the pH range of 7.0-8.5 or of 7.0-5.85. By the temperature (45 degrees C and 14 degrees C) or pH (8.5 and 5.85) stimulation of the cheek pouch preparations, the small artery in opposite preparation superfused at 37 degrees C or at pH 7.35 was responded after a few minute latency in a manner analogous to that seen in the stimulated cheek pouch preparations. The reflex dilatation produced by the stimulation with pH 5.85 was significantly inhibited by the treatment of hamster with atropine, suggesting that the vascular reflex are from the stimulated preparations to opposite non-stimulated preparations may be the long path reflex at least in part via parasympathetic nerves. It is also demonstrated that the potency of the sensitivity of the microvessels to pH and temperature changes is in following orders: small artery (A1) greater than arteriole (A2) greater than terminal arteriole (A3) and A2 = A3 greater than A2, respectively.

The periodontal ligament is a non-calcified connective tissue involved in the remodeling processes associated with mechanical stresses such as occlusion and mastication. This study was attempted to explore the characterization of phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) on the cell attachment and spreading of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLF). HPLF obtained by the explantation of human periodontal ligaments were cultured with vitamin D3 (D3) and dexamethasone (Dex) for 12 days. At 7 day culture, PTPase and ALPase activities were assayed with the substrates of phosphotyrosine and p-nitrophenylphosphate, respectively. Although ALPase activity of HPLF was dramatically increased by D3 and Dex, PTPase activity was not altered. After the quiescent HPLF were cultured with serum-free MCDB 107, the conditioned medium of HPLF (HPLF-CM) was coated on a hydrophobic dish. And then, HPLF were inoculated and cultured with 32Pi on the dish. PTPase activity of HPLF was decreased compared with control medium, however, the incorporation of 32Pi added in the medium was increased 2-fold. Therefore, HPLF possess the PTPase which may dephosphorylate a phosphotyrosine of phosphoproteins, which can regulate the cell proliferation. The cell attachment and spreading factors contained in HPLF-CM might alter the processes of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of phosphoproteins.

Saliva, which contributes to maintaining health in the oral environment, is affected by the physiological functions of the organism and their condition. Dental caries and periodontosis, both of which are oral diseases with frequent occurrence, require the presence of bacteria to occur. SIgA (secretory IgA), an immune globulin that is found in large quantities in substances secreted during salivation, has an antibacterial action. Thus, in conducting a basic investigation on the relationship between these factors, the author investigated what effect the speed of saliva secretion, a physiological factor of the saliva component, has on the SIgA value. Results showed that, regarding the relationship between the salivary SIgA value and the speed of salivary secretion, a negative correlation exists although this is weak in terms of relevance. The fact that the correlation displayed a tendency toward scattering indicates a need to pay attention when measuring the elements in the saliva to those factors that evidently have an effect on the composition of the saliva.