Ophtalmologie : organe de la Societe francaise d'ophtalmologie最新文献

The systematic examination of 1440 patients of more than 40 years old divided into two groups of 607 hospitalised patients and 833 consultants has revealed the exceptionally high frequency of the pseudo-exfoliative disease in the East of Algeria. In fact this syndrome is find in 25% of the cases. The analysis relates the different epidemiology criteria: age, topography, geographic factors and biomicroscopic characters. The association to the glaucoma of this syndrome forms the subjects of a study which details particularly its frequency, its different clinical forms, the factors of the intraocular pressure and the evolution under treatment. The authors have compared this study to those wHich have been described in literature.

The progeny of the couple of which the husband was protanope and the wife deuteranope (Franceschetti, 1949) has been examined (3 generations) in 1986 and 1987. This couple had 4 children, of which 3 sons are deutan and 1 daughter, a double carrier, is phenotypically normal. This girl, in her turn and in exemplary fashion, has 3 children: 1 daughter, being simple carrier, is phenotypically normal, 1 son is protan and 1 son deutan. The study of the genomic DNA of 3 normal subjects reveals the presence of two genes responsible for green and one gene responsible for red; the genomic DNA of a protanomalous subject shows a modification of the gene for red, while that of two deuteranopes shows absence of genes responsible for green. The descent of the second couple in which the husband was deuteranope and the wife protanope (Franceschetti and Klein, 1956) is exclusively of female sex. Therefore it comprises only phenotypically normal persons.

From series of clinical cases, the authors expose how ERG is an essential element for the diagnosis of cone dysfunction with or without macular involvement. They show that to obtain an accurate diagnosis, precise proceedings must be chosen, using stimulation technics correctly selected. They study the advantage of focal or wide stimulations, of the level of the intensity of the stimulation and of the different colored filters. They propose a proceeding for adults examination. For young children, they discuss the advantages and limits of a particular proceeding.

Limited cryopexy followed by attachment to the sclera of a small, cylindrical silicone sponge at the site of the tear leads in most cases to a prompt reduction of any non-complicated rhegmatogenous detachment. As a rule, no drainage of the subretinal fluid is necessary. If an inflatable silicone balloon is used in lieu of a permanent tampon, the short-term result may be the same; renewed tension of the vitreous bands which caused the tear may lead, however, to a redetachment in the long term. Intravitreal injection of an insoluble gas (mostly perfluoro-propane or hexafluorure ) may also be used to close up the tear, while cryopexy or photocoagulation are to be applied to seal its borders. After resorption of the gas the vitreous bands will again be under tension, and the risk of a recurrence appear. The fact that the vitreous chamber must be entered entails, on the other hand, some risks of its own.

Natural history of retinal detachment (RD) studies on clinical exam of 200 patients revealed that RD, is the consequence of multiple risk factors preparing to PVD. This phenomenon depends therefore from peculiar background, patient's age, and opportunistic traumatism. The best prophylaxis would be represented by a mean of inducing PVD without retinal damage. Since no possibilities are present right now, retinopexy or surgical mechanical action are used as prophylactic methods. Results are discussed in this paper based on long-term-follow-up of 300 patients.

Choroidal neovascularization is quite frequent in degenerative myopia. If the neovascularization is near the center, a krypton laser photocoagulation can be effected. If they reach the center, no photocoagulation should be effected. We report here our results in the treatment by krypton laser and describe a simple technic for the determination of the exact position of the foveola, that can be displaced in degenerative myopia.

First described in 1981, the floppy eyelid syndrome is characterized by loose upper lids that evert spontaneously and chronic papillary conjunctivitis. We present five patients with this syndrome and illustrate the distinctive clinical findings.

The authors expose a series of seven cases of ocular trauma due to pellet guns. First, they describe the different kinds of lesions, their treatment, and their development. Then, they study the prognostic points, the mechanism of the secondary complications, and the therapeutic conduct to adopt in front of this type of perforating injuries with non-magnetic intraocular foreign body. They insist on the severity of this type of ocular trauma, and on the necessity of a modification of the law concerning pellet guns.

Authors report three cases of hereditary malformation of excretory lacrymal system, two children and their father. One of the two children have a lacrymal fistula. A surgical treatment was successful.

A group of 40 patients with retinitis pigmentosa (autosomal recessive) were studied. The levels of soluble retinal antigen (S antigen of human origin) auto-antibodies were measured by means of the enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay. The results obtained were compared with those of a control population of 100 healthy subjects (p less than 0.001). A statistically significant correlation (r = 0.451, p less than 0.01) was observed when comparison was made between the anti-S levels and the time elapsed from the moment of retinitis pigmentosa diagnosis.