Diallo Aboudoulatif, D. Salem, Badjabaissi Essotolom, Yérima Mouhoudine, T Pakoussi, Lawson-evi Povi, Potchoo Yao, K. Eklu-Gadégbéku
Acanthospermum hispidum is a widely plant used in African traditional medicine. This study aims to assess cardiotoxicity and sub-chronic (28-days) oral toxicity of hydroalcohol leaf extract of A. hispidum. The sub-chronic toxicity was evaluated after administering daily oral doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg body wt., for 28 days to the rats, biochemical and haematological assessments as well as body and relative organ weights of the rats were carried out. The results of the study have shown that blood sodium was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the group treated with 500 and 1000 mg/kg of A. hispidum extract and the blood platelet was significantly high. The weekly body and organ weight of the rats showed no significant differences between the control and the rats treated with the extract except for the testis where there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in rats that received 1000 mg/kg, i.e., 1.16±0.2 g against 0.78±0.22 g for the control. A discreet seminiferous tubular atrophy and fibrosis of the tube wall were observed at this dose. The hydroalcoholic extract of A. hispidum at 0.1; 1; 10 and 100 mg/ml on toad heart and isolated atria of guinea pigs have caused a significant increase in cardiac amplitude (positive inotropic) and a significant decrease (p < 0.0001) in frequency (negative chronotropism). Our results suggest that the hydroalcohol extract of A. hispidum is relatively toxic to the testis and caution must be taken at high doses especially for the heart.
{"title":"Toxicological Study of Hydroalcohol Leaf Extract of Acanthospermum hispidum (Asteraceae)","authors":"Diallo Aboudoulatif, D. Salem, Badjabaissi Essotolom, Yérima Mouhoudine, T Pakoussi, Lawson-evi Povi, Potchoo Yao, K. Eklu-Gadégbéku","doi":"10.3844/ajptsp.2020.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajptsp.2020.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Acanthospermum hispidum is a widely plant used in African traditional medicine. This study aims to assess cardiotoxicity and sub-chronic (28-days) oral toxicity of hydroalcohol leaf extract of A. hispidum. The sub-chronic toxicity was evaluated after administering daily oral doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg body wt., for 28 days to the rats, biochemical and haematological assessments as well as body and relative organ weights of the rats were carried out. The results of the study have shown that blood sodium was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the group treated with 500 and 1000 mg/kg of A. hispidum extract and the blood platelet was significantly high. The weekly body and organ weight of the rats showed no significant differences between the control and the rats treated with the extract except for the testis where there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in rats that received 1000 mg/kg, i.e., 1.16±0.2 g against 0.78±0.22 g for the control. A discreet seminiferous tubular atrophy and fibrosis of the tube wall were observed at this dose. The hydroalcoholic extract of A. hispidum at 0.1; 1; 10 and 100 mg/ml on toad heart and isolated atria of guinea pigs have caused a significant increase in cardiac amplitude (positive inotropic) and a significant decrease (p < 0.0001) in frequency (negative chronotropism). Our results suggest that the hydroalcohol extract of A. hispidum is relatively toxic to the testis and caution must be taken at high doses especially for the heart.","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"87 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79048772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3844/AJPTSP.2020.29.39
Ejike Marcellus Nnamani, P. Akah, C. Okoli, A. Ezike, Michel Tchimene Kenne
The methanol extract of Bridelia ferruginea Benth. (Euphorbiaceae) stem bark (BFME) was partitioned in chloroform-methanol-water (2:2:1) mixture to obtain the Chloroform (CF) and Aqueous Methanol (AMF) fractions. The BFME, CF and AMF were screened for antiulcer activity using indomethacin-induced ulcer as activity guide. The CF provided the highest gastroprotection and was subsequently fractionated in a silica gel (60-200 mesh) column eluted with different mixtures of n-hexane and ethyl acetate (100:0; 95:5; 90:10; 80:20) to obtain six fractions (I-VI). Fractions III and VI offered the highest protection against indomethacin-induced ulcer and were further purified in a sephadex LH-20 column eluted with methanol to yield two compounds, BF1 and BF2. Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR) and electron impact mass spectroscopies, BF1 and BF2 were confirmed to be β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-3-O-βD glucopyranoside respectively. The BFME, fractions, β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside elicited dose-related and significant (P<0.05) protection against various ulcers in rats. β-sitosterol, 100 and 300 mg/kg, produced 79.70, 82.18, 42.31, 44.87, 65.97, 70.83, 80.22 and 87.91% gastroprotection; while β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 100 and 300 mg/kg, caused 69.80 and 74.26, 33.33, 35.26, 84.03, 95.83, 83.52 and 85.71% gastroprotection against indomethacin-, ethanol-, cold restraint stress- and pylorus ligation- induced ulcers, respectively. Results demonstrated gastroprotective effects of B. ferruginea stem bark, attributable to β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside.
本文研究了铁缕莲甲醇提取物。将大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)茎皮(BFME)在氯仿-甲醇-水(2:2:1)混合物中分离得到氯仿(CF)和甲醇水溶液(AMF)馏分。以吲哚美辛诱导的溃疡为活性指标，筛选BFME、CF和AMF的抗溃疡活性。CF提供了最高的胃保护，随后在硅胶(60-200目)柱中分离，用不同的正己烷和乙酸乙酯混合物(100:0;95:5;挺;80:20)得到六个分数(I-VI)。部分III和部分VI对吲哚美辛诱导的溃疡具有最高的保护作用，并在甲醇洗脱的sephadex LH-20柱中进一步纯化，得到两种化合物BF1和BF2。通过核磁共振(1H-NMR, 13C-NMR)和电子冲击质谱分析，证实BF1和BF2分别为β-谷甾醇和β-谷甾醇-3- o -βD葡萄糖吡喃苷。BFME、各组分、β-谷甾醇和β-谷甾醇-3- 0 -β- d -葡萄糖吡喃苷对大鼠各种溃疡均有剂量相关且显著的保护作用(P<0.05)。100和300 mg/kg的β-谷甾醇对胃的保护率分别为79.70%、82.18、42.31、44.87、65.97、70.83、80.22和87.91%;100和300 mg/kg的β-谷甾醇-3- o -β- d -葡萄糖苷对吲哚美辛、乙醇、冷约束应激和幽门结扎诱导溃疡的胃保护作用分别为69.80%、74.26%、33.33%、35.26、84.03、95.83、83.52和85.71%。结果表明，铁荞麦茎皮具有胃保护作用，这主要归因于β-谷甾醇和β-谷甾醇-3- o -β- d -葡萄糖吡喃苷。
{"title":"Gastroprotective Effects of β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from Bridelia ferruginea Stem Bark","authors":"Ejike Marcellus Nnamani, P. Akah, C. Okoli, A. Ezike, Michel Tchimene Kenne","doi":"10.3844/AJPTSP.2020.29.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJPTSP.2020.29.39","url":null,"abstract":"The methanol extract of Bridelia ferruginea Benth. (Euphorbiaceae) stem bark (BFME) was partitioned in chloroform-methanol-water (2:2:1) mixture to obtain the Chloroform (CF) and Aqueous Methanol (AMF) fractions. The BFME, CF and AMF were screened for antiulcer activity using indomethacin-induced ulcer as activity guide. The CF provided the highest gastroprotection and was subsequently fractionated in a silica gel (60-200 mesh) column eluted with different mixtures of n-hexane and ethyl acetate (100:0; 95:5; 90:10; 80:20) to obtain six fractions (I-VI). Fractions III and VI offered the highest protection against indomethacin-induced ulcer and were further purified in a sephadex LH-20 column eluted with methanol to yield two compounds, BF1 and BF2. Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR) and electron impact mass spectroscopies, BF1 and BF2 were confirmed to be β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-3-O-βD glucopyranoside respectively. The BFME, fractions, β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside elicited dose-related and significant (P<0.05) protection against various ulcers in rats. β-sitosterol, 100 and 300 mg/kg, produced 79.70, 82.18, 42.31, 44.87, 65.97, 70.83, 80.22 and 87.91% gastroprotection; while β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 100 and 300 mg/kg, caused 69.80 and 74.26, 33.33, 35.26, 84.03, 95.83, 83.52 and 85.71% gastroprotection against indomethacin-, ethanol-, cold restraint stress- and pylorus ligation- induced ulcers, respectively. Results demonstrated gastroprotective effects of B. ferruginea stem bark, attributable to β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside.","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"81 5 1","pages":"29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77386309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajptsp.2020.17.18
A. E. H. E. Youbi, D. Bousta
Aristolochia longa is a medicinal plant well known in Moroccan folk medicine for its activity against constipation, intestinal infections and skin diseases. The present study was performed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory and cytotoxic activities of aqueous and protein extracts of A. longa. The in vitro immunomodulatory results showed that aqueous extract at 0.1 mg/mL enhanced T-lymphocyte cells proliferation in the presence of ConA. While, in the presence of ConA and PMA, the protein extract at 0.1 mg/mL induced a significant decrease of T-lymphocytes and splenocytes proliferation. Both extracts were found to exhibit a significant diminution in phagocytic capacity and macrophage cells proliferation. They also induced a significant decline in the non-specific and specific humoral immune response. The protein chromatography separation was used to isolate two major fractions (F1: 75KDa and F2: 5 KDa) which showed an inhibitory effect on all studied immune cells. The in vivo immunomodulatory response of aqueous and protein extracts have equally evoked a significant dose dependent suppressor effect on total leukocyte count including the lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes, whereas the LD50 was 1.26 g/kg by intraperitoneal route. A. longa extracts also demonstrated apoptotic effects by about 9 to 11% against normal immune cells which confirmed the cytotoxic effects of both extracts. In conclusion, Aristolochia longa extracts exerts immunosuppression activities in vitro and in vivo, have cytotoxic effects in vivo explained by the apoptotic properties of aqueous and protein extracts against normal immune.
{"title":"Pharmacological Properties of Bioactive Extracts from the Rhizome of Aristolochia longa L","authors":"A. E. H. E. Youbi, D. Bousta","doi":"10.3844/ajptsp.2020.17.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajptsp.2020.17.18","url":null,"abstract":"Aristolochia longa is a medicinal plant well known in Moroccan folk medicine for its activity against constipation, intestinal infections and skin diseases. The present study was performed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory and cytotoxic activities of aqueous and protein extracts of A. longa. The in vitro immunomodulatory results showed that aqueous extract at 0.1 mg/mL enhanced T-lymphocyte cells proliferation in the presence of ConA. While, in the presence of ConA and PMA, the protein extract at 0.1 mg/mL induced a significant decrease of T-lymphocytes and splenocytes proliferation. Both extracts were found to exhibit a significant diminution in phagocytic capacity and macrophage cells proliferation. They also induced a significant decline in the non-specific and specific humoral immune response. The protein chromatography separation was used to isolate two major fractions (F1: 75KDa and F2: 5 KDa) which showed an inhibitory effect on all studied immune cells. The in vivo immunomodulatory response of aqueous and protein extracts have equally evoked a significant dose dependent suppressor effect on total leukocyte count including the lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes, whereas the LD50 was 1.26 g/kg by intraperitoneal route. A. longa extracts also demonstrated apoptotic effects by about 9 to 11% against normal immune cells which confirmed the cytotoxic effects of both extracts. In conclusion, Aristolochia longa extracts exerts immunosuppression activities in vitro and in vivo, have cytotoxic effects in vivo explained by the apoptotic properties of aqueous and protein extracts against normal immune.","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":"17-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83121011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-02DOI: 10.3844/AJPTSP.2019.7.16
R. Mason, H. Dawoud, S. Sherratt, Michael R. Wagner, T. Malinski
Circulating levels of glucose and LDL influence Endothelial Cell (EC) function in a highly interactive manner as evidenced by nitric oxide production and coupling of endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) dimer. Here, we report on the status of eNOS function in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) cultured under normo- and hyperglycemic (250 mg/dL) condition followed by exposure to increasing LDL concentrations (10-150 mg/dL). Production of bioavailable, cytoprotective NO and cytotoxic peroxynitrite (ONOO-) were measured in endothelium with nanosensors. Coupling efficiency of dimeric eNOS was measured using immunochemistry. The ratio of cytoprotective NO and cytotoxic ONOO- concentrations ([NO]/[ONOO-]) was used as a marker for eNOS and endothelial function. The normal ratio for [NO]/[ONOO-] is 2.5-5.0. A ratio of 1.0 or below is an indicator of modest to severe endothelial dysfunction. Under normoglycemic conditions (up to 100 mg/dL glucose) [NO]/[ONOO-] can reach the 0.50 value with the LDL concentration of about 110 mg/dL, while in hyperglycemia (250 mg/dL glucose), the 0.50 value was reached at about 50 mg/dL. Reduction of LDL down to 50 mg/dL, in hyperglycemia, helps prevent severe dysfunction in endothelium by enhancing eNOS dimerization, increasing NO production and decreasing the concentration of cyctotoxic ONOO-, which may significantly reduce CV risk factors.
{"title":"Progressive LDL Reduction to Very Low Levels Improves Dimeric Nitric Oxide Synthase, Nitric Oxide Bioavailability and Reduces Peroxynitrite in Endothelial Cells during Hyperglycemia","authors":"R. Mason, H. Dawoud, S. Sherratt, Michael R. Wagner, T. Malinski","doi":"10.3844/AJPTSP.2019.7.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJPTSP.2019.7.16","url":null,"abstract":"Circulating levels of glucose and LDL influence Endothelial Cell (EC) function in a highly interactive manner as evidenced by nitric oxide production and coupling of endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) dimer. Here, we report on the status of eNOS function in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) cultured under normo- and hyperglycemic (250 mg/dL) condition followed by exposure to increasing LDL concentrations (10-150 mg/dL). Production of bioavailable, cytoprotective NO and cytotoxic peroxynitrite (ONOO-) were measured in endothelium with nanosensors. Coupling efficiency of dimeric eNOS was measured using immunochemistry. The ratio of cytoprotective NO and cytotoxic ONOO- concentrations ([NO]/[ONOO-]) was used as a marker for eNOS and endothelial function. The normal ratio for [NO]/[ONOO-] is 2.5-5.0. A ratio of 1.0 or below is an indicator of modest to severe endothelial dysfunction. Under normoglycemic conditions (up to 100 mg/dL glucose) [NO]/[ONOO-] can reach the 0.50 value with the LDL concentration of about 110 mg/dL, while in hyperglycemia (250 mg/dL glucose), the 0.50 value was reached at about 50 mg/dL. Reduction of LDL down to 50 mg/dL, in hyperglycemia, helps prevent severe dysfunction in endothelium by enhancing eNOS dimerization, increasing NO production and decreasing the concentration of cyctotoxic ONOO-, which may significantly reduce CV risk factors.","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75800169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ghadirzadeh, A. Rafizadeh, A. Fattahi, S. Mirtorabi, Hajar Nazari, M. Rafizadeh
Methyl alcohol poisoning usually happens by use of contaminated ethanol. So, development of an easy and cost-effective method to determine methanol in these products can be helpful to diagnosemethanolintoxication. The aim of this paper is introducing a new kit based on chromotropic acid method for measuring the methanol content of alcoholic beverages. In this study, a new modified chromotropic acid method (as a kit) was used to determine of methanol in 700 self-made samples with diverse ethanol concentration prepared by "add found" technique. Briefly, in the proposed method, produced formaldehyde by methanol oxidation is reacted with chromotropic acid in a high acidic media. The quantification limit of this kit lies below the permitted dose and safe amount of methanol in the beverages regulated by the European Parliament and the Council. The attained results indicate Limit of Quantification of the method is1250 mg/Land all examined samples with more methanol amounts are easily determined with good accuracy and precision. As for the European standard about permitted dose of methanol in beverages (up to 4000 mg/lin 40% v/v of alcohol strength) and gained results, it seems, this proposed method practically enables rapid and easy quantitative determination of methanol in all kind of alcoholic strength with suitable accuracy and precision. However, conclusive conclusions in this area will require further examination in actual samples of alcoholic beverages. But, to the best of our knowledge, there isn’t any report about such easy method.
{"title":"Introducing a New Kit based on Modified Chromotropic Acid Method for Easy Determination of Methanol","authors":"M. Ghadirzadeh, A. Rafizadeh, A. Fattahi, S. Mirtorabi, Hajar Nazari, M. Rafizadeh","doi":"10.3844/AJPTSP.2019.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJPTSP.2019.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Methyl alcohol poisoning usually happens by use of contaminated ethanol. So, development of an easy and cost-effective method to determine methanol in these products can be helpful to diagnosemethanolintoxication. The aim of this paper is introducing a new kit based on chromotropic acid method for measuring the methanol content of alcoholic beverages. In this study, a new modified chromotropic acid method (as a kit) was used to determine of methanol in 700 self-made samples with diverse ethanol concentration prepared by \"add found\" technique. Briefly, in the proposed method, produced formaldehyde by methanol oxidation is reacted with chromotropic acid in a high acidic media. The quantification limit of this kit lies below the permitted dose and safe amount of methanol in the beverages regulated by the European Parliament and the Council. The attained results indicate Limit of Quantification of the method is1250 mg/Land all examined samples with more methanol amounts are easily determined with good accuracy and precision. As for the European standard about permitted dose of methanol in beverages (up to 4000 mg/lin 40% v/v of alcohol strength) and gained results, it seems, this proposed method practically enables rapid and easy quantitative determination of methanol in all kind of alcoholic strength with suitable accuracy and precision. However, conclusive conclusions in this area will require further examination in actual samples of alcoholic beverages. But, to the best of our knowledge, there isn’t any report about such easy method.","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80180420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.3844/AJPTSP.2019.27.37
M. Arshad, F. Al-Otaibi, G. Mustafa, S. Shousha, A. Alshahrani
A bunch of β-naphthalene incorporated thiazole-5-carboxamides/thiazole -5- ketones (7a-7o& 8a-8e) were prepared by reacting 4-methyl-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)thiazole-5-carbonyl chloride with appropriate amines. Structures of all the compounds were explained by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data. The compounds were evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity employing MES and chemoshock (scPTZ) seizure tests. Neurotoxicity was also assessed. Majority of these compounds exhibited significant activity against both animal models; however, compounds 7e, 7j, 7n and 8c displayed promising activity and could be considered as leads for further investigations.
{"title":"β-Naphthalene Incorporated Thiazole-5-Carboxamides/Thiazole -5- Ketones: Design, Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Screening against Two Seizure Models","authors":"M. Arshad, F. Al-Otaibi, G. Mustafa, S. Shousha, A. Alshahrani","doi":"10.3844/AJPTSP.2019.27.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJPTSP.2019.27.37","url":null,"abstract":"A bunch of β-naphthalene incorporated thiazole-5-carboxamides/thiazole -5- ketones (7a-7o& 8a-8e) were prepared by reacting 4-methyl-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)thiazole-5-carbonyl chloride with appropriate amines. Structures of all the compounds were explained by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data. The compounds were evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity employing MES and chemoshock (scPTZ) seizure tests. Neurotoxicity was also assessed. Majority of these compounds exhibited significant activity against both animal models; however, compounds 7e, 7j, 7n and 8c displayed promising activity and could be considered as leads for further investigations.","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76907522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.3844/AJPTSP.2019.17.26
G. Youssef, Ahlam F. Hamoda, Rabab R Elzoghby, Fatma Algendy, Shimaa A. E. Attwa
The current work was done on four groups of rats (10 for each) to detect the hepato-protective characters of curcumin on the toxicity induced by lithium carbonate. The oral administration of Li2 Co3 for one-month lead to noticeable decrease in the SOD, CAT and GSH while the increase in the GPx and some histological changes in the portal tissues including hydropic degeneration and thickening in the wall of the veins with numerous vacuolar degenerations were detected in most of the liver cells. Haemorrghic, edematous blood vessels were noticed in the portal tissues. Focal areas of lymphocytic infiltration were located around the congested blood vessels and spread between the liver hepatic cords. Noticeable significant elevation of total chromosomal structure aberrations (a centaromeric, dicentric, break, fragment, deletion, sticky, end to end and ring) and total chromosomal numerical aberrations (hypoploidy, hyperploid and polyploidy). While the pre-treatment with curcumin lead to improvement of the hepatic architecture and biochemical parameters. Also diminish of all chromosomal structure aberrations and all chromosomal numerical aberrations were noticed after treatment with curcumin. Curcumin can prevent the hazard effect of lithium carbonate on liver tissue.
{"title":"Protective Effect of Curcumin Against Hepatic Toxicity Induced by Lithium Carbonate (Li2 Co3)","authors":"G. Youssef, Ahlam F. Hamoda, Rabab R Elzoghby, Fatma Algendy, Shimaa A. E. Attwa","doi":"10.3844/AJPTSP.2019.17.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJPTSP.2019.17.26","url":null,"abstract":"The current work was done on four groups of rats (10 for each) to detect the hepato-protective characters of curcumin on the toxicity induced by lithium carbonate. The oral administration of Li2 Co3 for one-month lead to noticeable decrease in the SOD, CAT and GSH while the increase in the GPx and some histological changes in the portal tissues including hydropic degeneration and thickening in the wall of the veins with numerous vacuolar degenerations were detected in most of the liver cells. Haemorrghic, edematous blood vessels were noticed in the portal tissues. Focal areas of lymphocytic infiltration were located around the congested blood vessels and spread between the liver hepatic cords. Noticeable significant elevation of total chromosomal structure aberrations (a centaromeric, dicentric, break, fragment, deletion, sticky, end to end and ring) and total chromosomal numerical aberrations (hypoploidy, hyperploid and polyploidy). While the pre-treatment with curcumin lead to improvement of the hepatic architecture and biochemical parameters. Also diminish of all chromosomal structure aberrations and all chromosomal numerical aberrations were noticed after treatment with curcumin. Curcumin can prevent the hazard effect of lithium carbonate on liver tissue.","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79895881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajptsp.2019.38.47
E. Rahayu, I. H. Rusdan, Armita Athennia, R. Z. Kamil, P. C. Pramesi, Y. Marsono, T. Utami, J. Widada
Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13 is a probiotic candidate from dadih, a traditional fermented buffalo milk from West Sumatera, Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate safety aspects of L. plantarum Dad-13 in high dose consumption on Sprague Dawley rats. Two treatment groups were fed with 1011 CFU/mL/day of L. plantarum Dad-13 for 14 and 28 days respectively. Two placebo groups were fed with 1 mL skimmed milk per day for 14 and 28 days and a fifth, untreated group used as control. Feed intake and body weight were monitored, while blood samples and mesenteric lymph node (MPN) organs were dissected. Organ weight, leukocyte profiles, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activity, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and intestinal morphology were measured. Microbial analyses were conducted on fecal matter, digesta, blood and organs. Results showed that consumption did not negatively affect general health, organ weight, leukocyte profiles, GOT activity, MDA concentration and intestinal morphology. Numbers of L. plantarum in treated rats’ feces were significantly increased, indicating its survival in gastrointestinal tracts. Bacteria in the blood and organs of both groups were identified using rep-PCR with BOX A1R primer, which revealed that it was not identical to L. plantarum Dad-13. Thus, L. plantarum Dad-13 did not translocate in the organs and blood of rats. Therefore, L. plantarum Dad-13 is suggested as likely to be safe for human consumption.
植物乳杆菌Dad-13是一种来自印度尼西亚西苏门答腊的传统发酵水牛奶dadih的益生菌候选菌。本研究旨在评价大鼠大剂量食用植物乳杆菌Dad-13的安全性。两个处理组分别饲喂1011 CFU/mL/d的植物乳杆菌Dad-13，连续饲喂14和28 d。两个安慰剂组每天喂1毫升脱脂牛奶，持续14天和28天，第五组，未经治疗的组作为对照。监测采食量和体重，解剖血液和肠系膜淋巴结(MPN)器官。测定脏器重量、白细胞谱、谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性、血浆丙二醛(MDA)浓度和肠道形态。粪便、食糜、血液和脏器微生物分析。结果表明，食用大豆对总体健康、器官重量、白细胞谱、GOT活性、MDA浓度和肠道形态没有负面影响。处理后的大鼠粪便中植物乳杆菌的数量显著增加，表明其在胃肠道中存活。用BOX A1R引物对两组小鼠血液和器官中的细菌进行了pcr鉴定，结果表明该引物与L. plantarum Dad-13不相同。因此，植物乳杆菌Dad-13在大鼠的器官和血液中不发生易位。因此，植物芽孢杆菌Dad-13可能对人类食用是安全的。
{"title":"Safety Assessment of Indigenous Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13 Isolated from Dadih Using Sprague Dawley Rats as a Model","authors":"E. Rahayu, I. H. Rusdan, Armita Athennia, R. Z. Kamil, P. C. Pramesi, Y. Marsono, T. Utami, J. Widada","doi":"10.3844/ajptsp.2019.38.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajptsp.2019.38.47","url":null,"abstract":"Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13 is a probiotic candidate from dadih, a traditional fermented buffalo milk from West Sumatera, Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate safety aspects of L. plantarum Dad-13 in high dose consumption on Sprague Dawley rats. Two treatment groups were fed with 1011 CFU/mL/day of L. plantarum Dad-13 for 14 and 28 days respectively. Two placebo groups were fed with 1 mL skimmed milk per day for 14 and 28 days and a fifth, untreated group used as control. Feed intake and body weight were monitored, while blood samples and mesenteric lymph node (MPN) organs were dissected. Organ weight, leukocyte profiles, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activity, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and intestinal morphology were measured. Microbial analyses were conducted on fecal matter, digesta, blood and organs. Results showed that consumption did not negatively affect general health, organ weight, leukocyte profiles, GOT activity, MDA concentration and intestinal morphology. Numbers of L. plantarum in treated rats’ feces were significantly increased, indicating its survival in gastrointestinal tracts. Bacteria in the blood and organs of both groups were identified using rep-PCR with BOX A1R primer, which revealed that it was not identical to L. plantarum Dad-13. Thus, L. plantarum Dad-13 did not translocate in the organs and blood of rats. Therefore, L. plantarum Dad-13 is suggested as likely to be safe for human consumption.","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87433544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-26DOI: 10.3844/AJPTSP.2018.16.29
M. Ali, Md. Reaz Morshed, Md. Sakib Hossen, E. M. Tanvir, Alamgir Kabir, M. A. Islam, Nurul Karim, N. Alam, Md. Ibrahim Khalil, S. Gan
In this study, the antioxidant potentials and protective effect of ethanolic extract of monkey fruits (Artocarpus lakoocha) (AL) was investigated against paracetamol-induced toxicity in rats. AL which contains high concentration of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and protein, exhibited high radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Administration of paracetamol (500 mg/kg) for seven consecutive days caused severe oxidative stress in liver and kidney, as observed by the significantly higher level of Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) and the associated biochemical markers compared to control rats. Pre-treatment with AL at 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg prior to paracetamol administration for 30 days significantly improved hepatic and renal parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was administered as a standard drug for comparison over a similar treatment period. Moreover, AL exhibited the highest protective effect when administered at the highest dose, by lowering serum levels of alanine transaminase (28.25%), aspartate transaminase (29.0%), alkaline phosphatase (27.87%), lactate dehydrogenase (7.51%), γ-glutamyltransferase (31.0%), total bilirubin (69.38%), cholesterol (14.80%), triglycerides (27.52%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (76.12%), creatinine (36.84%), urea (41.08%) and uric acid (34.88%), In addition, significantly increased total protein (50.0%) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (55.79%) with administration of AL was seen when compared with paracetamol-controlled group. Decreased LPO levels in the liver (45.55%) and kidneys (32.0%) confirmed the hepatorenal protective effects of AL, as further confirmed by the histopathological findings. Overall, AL fruit is an excellent source of natural antioxidants and possess hepatorenal protective activity against paracetamol-induced liver and kidney injuries.
{"title":"Antioxidant Properties and Dose-Dependent Effects of Monkey Fruits ( Artocarpus lakoocha ) against Paracetamol-Induced Hepato-Renal Toxicity in Rats","authors":"M. Ali, Md. Reaz Morshed, Md. Sakib Hossen, E. M. Tanvir, Alamgir Kabir, M. A. Islam, Nurul Karim, N. Alam, Md. Ibrahim Khalil, S. Gan","doi":"10.3844/AJPTSP.2018.16.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJPTSP.2018.16.29","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the antioxidant potentials and protective effect of ethanolic extract of monkey fruits (Artocarpus lakoocha) (AL) was investigated against paracetamol-induced toxicity in rats. AL which contains high concentration of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and protein, exhibited high radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Administration of paracetamol (500 mg/kg) for seven consecutive days caused severe oxidative stress in liver and kidney, as observed by the significantly higher level of Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) and the associated biochemical markers compared to control rats. Pre-treatment with AL at 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg prior to paracetamol administration for 30 days significantly improved hepatic and renal parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was administered as a standard drug for comparison over a similar treatment period. Moreover, AL exhibited the highest protective effect when administered at the highest dose, by lowering serum levels of alanine transaminase (28.25%), aspartate transaminase (29.0%), alkaline phosphatase (27.87%), lactate dehydrogenase (7.51%), γ-glutamyltransferase (31.0%), total bilirubin (69.38%), cholesterol (14.80%), triglycerides (27.52%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (76.12%), creatinine (36.84%), urea (41.08%) and uric acid (34.88%), In addition, significantly increased total protein (50.0%) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (55.79%) with administration of AL was seen when compared with paracetamol-controlled group. Decreased LPO levels in the liver (45.55%) and kidneys (32.0%) confirmed the hepatorenal protective effects of AL, as further confirmed by the histopathological findings. Overall, AL fruit is an excellent source of natural antioxidants and possess hepatorenal protective activity against paracetamol-induced liver and kidney injuries.","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"15 1","pages":"16-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73105003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-25DOI: 10.3844/AJPTSP.2018.7.15
J. Aprioku, V. Nwachukwu, B. Okeke, Obinna Okubuike, Reginald Obi Igbo, Joy Okareko Emakpor
Garcina kola seed is believed by some to enhance male sexual performance but existing scientific data show divergent results. In this study, the sexual and reproductive influence of ethanol (70%) seed extract of G. kola was evaluated in Wistar rats. Adult male rats were gavaged with 0, 50, 100, 200 or 300 mg kg-1 day-1 of extract for 30 days and mated with female rats after sexual behavior characteristics were carefully evaluated. Serum concentrations of testosterone, LH and FSH, as well as epididymal sperm indices were analyzed after mating, while pregnancy rate and litter size of female rats were recorded. Extract (50 mg kg-1) treatment produced no effect on sexual activities, but higher doses caused reduction relative to control. Additionally, except at 50 mg kg-1, extract treatment caused reduction in sperm count (p<0.0001), sperm viability (p = 0.0011), testosterone and FSH (p<0.0001). LH was unaltered, while abnormal sperm morphology was elevated (p<0.05). Furthermore, pregnancy rate and litter size in extract (100-300 mg kg-1) treated rats were lower when compared to control. The results suggest that low dose of G. kola seed may not affect sexual activity, whereas high doses may affect fertility by negatively altering sexual behavior, testosterone level and sperm indices.
{"title":"The Influence of Garcinia kola Seed on Sexual Behavior and Testis Physiology in Wistar Rats","authors":"J. Aprioku, V. Nwachukwu, B. Okeke, Obinna Okubuike, Reginald Obi Igbo, Joy Okareko Emakpor","doi":"10.3844/AJPTSP.2018.7.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJPTSP.2018.7.15","url":null,"abstract":"Garcina kola seed is believed by some to enhance male sexual performance but existing scientific data show divergent results. In this study, the sexual and reproductive influence of ethanol (70%) seed extract of G. kola was evaluated in Wistar rats. Adult male rats were gavaged with 0, 50, 100, 200 or 300 mg kg-1 day-1 of extract for 30 days and mated with female rats after sexual behavior characteristics were carefully evaluated. Serum concentrations of testosterone, LH and FSH, as well as epididymal sperm indices were analyzed after mating, while pregnancy rate and litter size of female rats were recorded. Extract (50 mg kg-1) treatment produced no effect on sexual activities, but higher doses caused reduction relative to control. Additionally, except at 50 mg kg-1, extract treatment caused reduction in sperm count (p<0.0001), sperm viability (p = 0.0011), testosterone and FSH (p<0.0001). LH was unaltered, while abnormal sperm morphology was elevated (p<0.05). Furthermore, pregnancy rate and litter size in extract (100-300 mg kg-1) treated rats were lower when compared to control. The results suggest that low dose of G. kola seed may not affect sexual activity, whereas high doses may affect fertility by negatively altering sexual behavior, testosterone level and sperm indices.","PeriodicalId":7769,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"19 1","pages":"7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89310513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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