{"title":"Showcase Your Research in the American Malacological Bulletin","authors":"","doi":"10.4003/006.037.0207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4003/006.037.0207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7779,"journal":{"name":"American Malacological Bulletin","volume":"37 1","pages":"bmii - bmii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44508304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Oceanic island biotas are known by their high levels of endemism and high vulnerability. In Brazil, only few islands have been studied. The present study reports general information on the distribution and abundance of terrestrial gastropods of the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, a group of islands 345 km off the Brazilian coast. In total, four species of land snails were recorded: the endemics Hyperaulax ridleyi (Smith, 1890) and Ridleya quinquelirata (Smith, 1890), and the widely distributed Beckianum beckianum (Pfeiffer, 1846), and Allopeas gracile (Hutton, 1834). The most abundant species was H. ridleyi. By reporting the present situation of native land snails of Fernando de Noronha, this study provides data that could help in their conservation, comprising an important first step for planning future conservation strategies for the land biota of the whole archipelago.
摘要：众所周知，海洋岛屿生物群具有高度的地方性和高度的脆弱性。在巴西，只有少数几个岛屿被研究过。本研究报告了费尔南多·德诺罗尼亚群岛陆生腹足类的分布和丰度的一般信息，该群岛是距离巴西海岸345公里的一组岛屿。总共记录了四种陆地蜗牛：特有种Hyperaulax ridleyi（Smith，1890）和Ridleya quiquelirata（Smith，1890），以及广泛分布的Beckianum Beckianum（Pfeiffer，1846）和Alloppeas gracile（Hutton，1834）。最丰富的物种是H.ridleyi。通过报告Fernando de Noronha本土蜗牛的现状，这项研究提供了有助于其保护的数据，为规划整个群岛陆地生物群的未来保护战略迈出了重要的第一步。
{"title":"Land Snails of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil","authors":"André Victor Lucci Freitas, M. Miranda, F. Passos","doi":"10.4003/006.037.0204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4003/006.037.0204","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Oceanic island biotas are known by their high levels of endemism and high vulnerability. In Brazil, only few islands have been studied. The present study reports general information on the distribution and abundance of terrestrial gastropods of the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, a group of islands 345 km off the Brazilian coast. In total, four species of land snails were recorded: the endemics Hyperaulax ridleyi (Smith, 1890) and Ridleya quinquelirata (Smith, 1890), and the widely distributed Beckianum beckianum (Pfeiffer, 1846), and Allopeas gracile (Hutton, 1834). The most abundant species was H. ridleyi. By reporting the present situation of native land snails of Fernando de Noronha, this study provides data that could help in their conservation, comprising an important first step for planning future conservation strategies for the land biota of the whole archipelago.","PeriodicalId":7779,"journal":{"name":"American Malacological Bulletin","volume":"37 1","pages":"66 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46703355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Conus lividus (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) and Conus sanguinolentus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1834) are closely related Indo-West Pacific cone snails that have largely overlapping distributions. Previous population genetic analyses of these species found that some individuals that were identified as C. lividus possessed mitochondrial gene sequences that were similar or in some cases identical to those of C. sanguinolentus. While these species tend to be easily distinguished based on shell color patterns, it is possible that some individuals of C. sanguinolentus were misidentified as C. lividus. The result though could also be due to introgression of the mitochondrial genome of C. sanguinolentus into C. lividus. We used a ddRAD approach to obtain sequences of short fragments of more than 7,000 nuclear genomic loci to examine patterns of variation and evaluate these explanations. Results showed that the two parental species are genetically differentiated at nuclear loci and all putative hybrids were unambiguously assigned to C. sanguinolentus based on shared patterns of variation. These results demonstrate that variation in shell color patterns of C. sanguinolentus overlaps with that of C. lividus, and extend the distribution of C. sanguinolentus into the Hawaiian Archipelago. Additional analyses of patterns of genetic variation among populations of the two species revealed that while C. lividus shows no genetic population structure, the population of C. sanguinolentus from Hawaii is genetically differentiated from populations elsewhere as found in prior analyses based on mitochondrial sequence data.
摘要：生活锥螺（Hwass in Bruguière，1792）和血锥螺（Quy和Gaimard，1834）是印度-西太平洋锥螺的亲缘关系密切，分布基本重叠。先前对这些物种的群体遗传学分析发现，一些被鉴定为C.lividus的个体具有与C.sanginolentus相似或在某些情况下相同的线粒体基因序列。虽然这些物种往往很容易根据外壳的颜色模式进行区分，但血血红蛛的一些个体可能被误认为生活血红蛛。然而，这一结果也可能是由于血红蛛的线粒体基因组渗入了生活蛛。我们使用ddRAD方法获得了7000多个核基因组基因座的短片段序列，以检查变异模式并评估这些解释。结果表明，这两个亲本物种在核基因座上是遗传分化的，所有假定的杂交种都根据共同的变异模式明确地归属于血红蛛。这些结果表明，血红蛛外壳颜色模式的变化与李维杜的重叠，并将血红蛛的分布扩展到夏威夷群岛。对这两个物种种群之间遗传变异模式的进一步分析表明，虽然利维杜没有显示出遗传种群结构，但来自夏威夷的血血红蛛种群与其他地方的种群在遗传上存在差异，这是在先前基于线粒体序列数据的分析中发现的。
{"title":"Unraveling Cryptic Morphological Diversity in a Marine Snail Species Complex Using Nuclear Genomic Data","authors":"P. Cerda, T. L. Hewitt, A. Haponski, T. Duda","doi":"10.4003/006.037.0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4003/006.037.0201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Conus lividus (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) and Conus sanguinolentus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1834) are closely related Indo-West Pacific cone snails that have largely overlapping distributions. Previous population genetic analyses of these species found that some individuals that were identified as C. lividus possessed mitochondrial gene sequences that were similar or in some cases identical to those of C. sanguinolentus. While these species tend to be easily distinguished based on shell color patterns, it is possible that some individuals of C. sanguinolentus were misidentified as C. lividus. The result though could also be due to introgression of the mitochondrial genome of C. sanguinolentus into C. lividus. We used a ddRAD approach to obtain sequences of short fragments of more than 7,000 nuclear genomic loci to examine patterns of variation and evaluate these explanations. Results showed that the two parental species are genetically differentiated at nuclear loci and all putative hybrids were unambiguously assigned to C. sanguinolentus based on shared patterns of variation. These results demonstrate that variation in shell color patterns of C. sanguinolentus overlaps with that of C. lividus, and extend the distribution of C. sanguinolentus into the Hawaiian Archipelago. Additional analyses of patterns of genetic variation among populations of the two species revealed that while C. lividus shows no genetic population structure, the population of C. sanguinolentus from Hawaii is genetically differentiated from populations elsewhere as found in prior analyses based on mitochondrial sequence data.","PeriodicalId":7779,"journal":{"name":"American Malacological Bulletin","volume":"37 1","pages":"45 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44236913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Córdoba, J. Millar, I. Foley, Taelor O. Anderson, A. Roda, G. Adams, R. M. Mc Donnell
Abstract: Attraction of the invasive snail Xerolenta obvia (Menke, 1828) to chopped cucumber and to a previously identified attractant based on a steam distillate of dry cat food was assessed with an established field population in Montana. Snails were significantly more attracted to the chopped cucumber than bottled water (control), using both traps and direct observations of attractants deployed in Petri dishes. The chopped cucumber also attracted significantly more snails to traps than the cat food distillate. These results suggest that chopped cucumber could constitute a cheap and simple lure for this and other invasive mollusk species. In addition, odors of chopped cucumber may support development of a new artificial lure, through analysis and reconstruction of the odor with synthetic compounds.
{"title":"Fresh Cucumber as an Attractant for the Invasive Snail Xerolenta obvia","authors":"M. Córdoba, J. Millar, I. Foley, Taelor O. Anderson, A. Roda, G. Adams, R. M. Mc Donnell","doi":"10.4003/006.037.0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4003/006.037.0203","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Attraction of the invasive snail Xerolenta obvia (Menke, 1828) to chopped cucumber and to a previously identified attractant based on a steam distillate of dry cat food was assessed with an established field population in Montana. Snails were significantly more attracted to the chopped cucumber than bottled water (control), using both traps and direct observations of attractants deployed in Petri dishes. The chopped cucumber also attracted significantly more snails to traps than the cat food distillate. These results suggest that chopped cucumber could constitute a cheap and simple lure for this and other invasive mollusk species. In addition, odors of chopped cucumber may support development of a new artificial lure, through analysis and reconstruction of the odor with synthetic compounds.","PeriodicalId":7779,"journal":{"name":"American Malacological Bulletin","volume":"37 1","pages":"62 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44251642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Freshwater mussels (order Unionida) are a historically abundant component of North American freshwater ecosystems, yet are among the most imperiled faunal groups. Understanding the underlying genetic structure and how it relates to historical geographic changes is critical for development of effective conservation strategies. Here we analyze mitochondrial gene fragments (COI) and 6 microsatellite loci of the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium (Rafinesque, 1820) in the Great Lakes and Mississippi River drainages to assess phylogenetic structure. The mitochondrial phylogeny shows geographic structure, with one divergent clade found exclusively in the Maumee and Wabash River. Phylogenies created using the COI sequences indicate divergence between two distinct clades of putative L. cardium (uncorrected p distance = 5.22%). Results from the microsatellite analyses suggest two genetically distinct populations corresponding to at least two glacial refugia, similar to the genetic structure observed for some other freshwater mussels in the region and are largely consistent to the results of mtDNA dataset. Three COI sequences from putative L. ovata (Say, 1817) were obtained from other published studies and included the phylogenetic analysis, these rendered the sequences from putative L. cardium generated in this study non–monophyletic. This suggests that more work is needed to determine whether L. cardium and L. ovata represent two distinct species or represent two divergent populations. Despite the highly divergent COI haplotypes in two monophyletic clades, nuclear microsatellite markers failed to detect differences in allele frequencies between individuals from these two clades in regions where they co–occur (FST = 0.004). These data aid in conservation strategies for unionids, providing guidance of best practices for maintaining natural genetic structure.
{"title":"Population Genetic Analyses of Lampsilis cardium (Bivalvia: Unionida) Reveal Multiple Post–Glacial Colonization Routes into the Great Lakes Drainage","authors":"T. L. Hewitt, D. Woolnough, D. Zanatta","doi":"10.4003/006.037.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4003/006.037.0103","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater mussels (order Unionida) are a historically abundant component of North American freshwater ecosystems, yet are among the most imperiled faunal groups. Understanding the underlying genetic structure and how it relates to historical geographic changes is critical for development of effective conservation strategies. Here we analyze mitochondrial gene fragments (COI) and 6 microsatellite loci of the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium (Rafinesque, 1820) in the Great Lakes and Mississippi River drainages to assess phylogenetic structure. The mitochondrial phylogeny shows geographic structure, with one divergent clade found exclusively in the Maumee and Wabash River. Phylogenies created using the COI sequences indicate divergence between two distinct clades of putative L. cardium (uncorrected p distance = 5.22%). Results from the microsatellite analyses suggest two genetically distinct populations corresponding to at least two glacial refugia, similar to the genetic structure observed for some other freshwater mussels in the region and are largely consistent to the results of mtDNA dataset. Three COI sequences from putative L. ovata (Say, 1817) were obtained from other published studies and included the phylogenetic analysis, these rendered the sequences from putative L. cardium generated in this study non–monophyletic. This suggests that more work is needed to determine whether L. cardium and L. ovata represent two distinct species or represent two divergent populations. Despite the highly divergent COI haplotypes in two monophyletic clades, nuclear microsatellite markers failed to detect differences in allele frequencies between individuals from these two clades in regions where they co–occur (FST = 0.004). These data aid in conservation strategies for unionids, providing guidance of best practices for maintaining natural genetic structure.","PeriodicalId":7779,"journal":{"name":"American Malacological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46715592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Once again Dr. Wecht has presented the medical and legal professions with a useful and fascinating series of articles. This work contains a dozen well-written and informative reviews, each of which rightfully deserves separate consideration. However, because of necessary space constraints, this discussion will focus on selected chapters. This selection is dictated more by the personal interests and knowledge of the reviewer rather than by any variations in quality among the individual papers. The 1986 edition of Legal Medicine leads off with a condensed overview of the epidemiology, etiology, and pathology of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In addition, discussion is presented on the prevention, treatment, and legal issues raised by this syndrome. The synopsis is derived from a review of literature published from 1982 through 1984. Despite the limited time frame, this chapter can still be recommended as a good reference documenting the development of most of the major points of concern around this century's major infections disease problem. The lead article is followed by a well-written chapter submitted by Dr. Parikh discussing various aspects of the largest industrial disaster the world has yet seen, the gruesome tragedy at Bhopal, India, on 2 Dec. 1984. This article covers many of the factual, technical, engineering, and legal issues that describe the occurrence and aftermath of the holocaust. Dr. Parikh might be faulted for being a bit judgmental in his presentation, however, given the horrific nature of this incident, such reaction is understandable. This volume is favored with a chapter which in itself makes Legal Medicine 1986 a required text for all clinical and forensic toxicologists. Dr. Charles L. Winek has once again supplied the toxicology community with an invaluable database on drug and chemical blood levels. Blood concentrations are given for therapeutic, toxic, and lethal situations. This 1986 update of Dr. Winek's continuing efforts draws on data from improved analytical techniques which have refined the toxicologists' ability to determine blood concentrations and hence is particularly useful for its inclusion of new therapeutic agents. The article can also be recommended for any clinician or attorney faced with interpreting results from toxicology analysis. Two other offerings in this volume should be of particular interest to attorneys specializing in biomedical technology. An excellent article by Dr. Sandy Sanbar gives an overview of current and developing technology in implantable medical devices. Artificial eyes, ears, and
{"title":"Book Review","authors":"K. Roe","doi":"10.4003/006.037.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4003/006.037.0106","url":null,"abstract":"Once again Dr. Wecht has presented the medical and legal professions with a useful and fascinating series of articles. This work contains a dozen well-written and informative reviews, each of which rightfully deserves separate consideration. However, because of necessary space constraints, this discussion will focus on selected chapters. This selection is dictated more by the personal interests and knowledge of the reviewer rather than by any variations in quality among the individual papers. The 1986 edition of Legal Medicine leads off with a condensed overview of the epidemiology, etiology, and pathology of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In addition, discussion is presented on the prevention, treatment, and legal issues raised by this syndrome. The synopsis is derived from a review of literature published from 1982 through 1984. Despite the limited time frame, this chapter can still be recommended as a good reference documenting the development of most of the major points of concern around this century's major infections disease problem. The lead article is followed by a well-written chapter submitted by Dr. Parikh discussing various aspects of the largest industrial disaster the world has yet seen, the gruesome tragedy at Bhopal, India, on 2 Dec. 1984. This article covers many of the factual, technical, engineering, and legal issues that describe the occurrence and aftermath of the holocaust. Dr. Parikh might be faulted for being a bit judgmental in his presentation, however, given the horrific nature of this incident, such reaction is understandable. This volume is favored with a chapter which in itself makes Legal Medicine 1986 a required text for all clinical and forensic toxicologists. Dr. Charles L. Winek has once again supplied the toxicology community with an invaluable database on drug and chemical blood levels. Blood concentrations are given for therapeutic, toxic, and lethal situations. This 1986 update of Dr. Winek's continuing efforts draws on data from improved analytical techniques which have refined the toxicologists' ability to determine blood concentrations and hence is particularly useful for its inclusion of new therapeutic agents. The article can also be recommended for any clinician or attorney faced with interpreting results from toxicology analysis. Two other offerings in this volume should be of particular interest to attorneys specializing in biomedical technology. An excellent article by Dr. Sandy Sanbar gives an overview of current and developing technology in implantable medical devices. Artificial eyes, ears, and","PeriodicalId":7779,"journal":{"name":"American Malacological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48725403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Drescher, N. Brown‐Peterson, Jennifer K. M. Walker
Understanding the relative times of gametogenesis and spawning of gametes in bivalves provides crucial insight on how a species may be influenced by environmental factors, in addition to the potential impacts a species of bivalve has on the ecosystem as a whole. The focus of this study was on gametogenesis and times of spawning in Rangia cuneata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1831), an infaunal estuarine bivalve inhabiting Johnson Bayou, Pass Christian, MS, and how salinity gradients may influence spawning. Specimens were collected monthly in 2016 from three sites along an established salinity gradient (0–16 ppt) within Johnson Bayou. Using standard histological methods and a quantitative method to estimate both the abundance of gametes and spawning times, this study showed that over the course of one year the rate of gametogenesis and times of spawning differed among sites. Clams of both sexes in the site closest to the opening of the bayou (lower site) produced gametes and spawned earlier (June) than those collected from the middle and upper sites (October–November). Interestingly, two separate spawning events are likely to have occurred by clams collected from the lower and middle sites. There was a positive correlation between increasing water temperature and mean percent gonadal tissue in all sites with a significant correlation at the middle and upper sites. In contrast, no correlation was found between salinity levels and mean percent gonadal tissue in clams from the lower site, while a weak positive but non-significant correlation was seen with clams from the middle and upper sites. There was a weak negative correlation between salinity levels and mean percentage of ripe gametes from the lower and middle sites, but a weak positive correlation from the upper site. The results indicate that the same species can vary the amount of gametes and spawning times in the same estuarine system, presumably due to the effects of abiotic factors, namely water temperature and salinity.
{"title":"A Reproductive Histological Analysis of Rangia cuneata (Venerida: Mactridae): Effects of Abiotic Factors","authors":"B. Drescher, N. Brown‐Peterson, Jennifer K. M. Walker","doi":"10.4003/006.037.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4003/006.037.0102","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the relative times of gametogenesis and spawning of gametes in bivalves provides crucial insight on how a species may be influenced by environmental factors, in addition to the potential impacts a species of bivalve has on the ecosystem as a whole. The focus of this study was on gametogenesis and times of spawning in Rangia cuneata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1831), an infaunal estuarine bivalve inhabiting Johnson Bayou, Pass Christian, MS, and how salinity gradients may influence spawning. Specimens were collected monthly in 2016 from three sites along an established salinity gradient (0–16 ppt) within Johnson Bayou. Using standard histological methods and a quantitative method to estimate both the abundance of gametes and spawning times, this study showed that over the course of one year the rate of gametogenesis and times of spawning differed among sites. Clams of both sexes in the site closest to the opening of the bayou (lower site) produced gametes and spawned earlier (June) than those collected from the middle and upper sites (October–November). Interestingly, two separate spawning events are likely to have occurred by clams collected from the lower and middle sites. There was a positive correlation between increasing water temperature and mean percent gonadal tissue in all sites with a significant correlation at the middle and upper sites. In contrast, no correlation was found between salinity levels and mean percent gonadal tissue in clams from the lower site, while a weak positive but non-significant correlation was seen with clams from the middle and upper sites. There was a weak negative correlation between salinity levels and mean percentage of ripe gametes from the lower and middle sites, but a weak positive correlation from the upper site. The results indicate that the same species can vary the amount of gametes and spawning times in the same estuarine system, presumably due to the effects of abiotic factors, namely water temperature and salinity.","PeriodicalId":7779,"journal":{"name":"American Malacological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45148220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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