Once again Dr. Wecht has presented the medical and legal professions with a useful and fascinating series of articles. This work contains a dozen well-written and informative reviews, each of which rightfully deserves separate consideration. However, because of necessary space constraints, this discussion will focus on selected chapters. This selection is dictated more by the personal interests and knowledge of the reviewer rather than by any variations in quality among the individual papers. The 1986 edition of Legal Medicine leads off with a condensed overview of the epidemiology, etiology, and pathology of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In addition, discussion is presented on the prevention, treatment, and legal issues raised by this syndrome. The synopsis is derived from a review of literature published from 1982 through 1984. Despite the limited time frame, this chapter can still be recommended as a good reference documenting the development of most of the major points of concern around this century's major infections disease problem. The lead article is followed by a well-written chapter submitted by Dr. Parikh discussing various aspects of the largest industrial disaster the world has yet seen, the gruesome tragedy at Bhopal, India, on 2 Dec. 1984. This article covers many of the factual, technical, engineering, and legal issues that describe the occurrence and aftermath of the holocaust. Dr. Parikh might be faulted for being a bit judgmental in his presentation, however, given the horrific nature of this incident, such reaction is understandable. This volume is favored with a chapter which in itself makes Legal Medicine 1986 a required text for all clinical and forensic toxicologists. Dr. Charles L. Winek has once again supplied the toxicology community with an invaluable database on drug and chemical blood levels. Blood concentrations are given for therapeutic, toxic, and lethal situations. This 1986 update of Dr. Winek's continuing efforts draws on data from improved analytical techniques which have refined the toxicologists' ability to determine blood concentrations and hence is particularly useful for its inclusion of new therapeutic agents. The article can also be recommended for any clinician or attorney faced with interpreting results from toxicology analysis. Two other offerings in this volume should be of particular interest to attorneys specializing in biomedical technology. An excellent article by Dr. Sandy Sanbar gives an overview of current and developing technology in implantable medical devices. Artificial eyes, ears, and
{"title":"Book Review","authors":"K. Roe","doi":"10.4003/006.037.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4003/006.037.0106","url":null,"abstract":"Once again Dr. Wecht has presented the medical and legal professions with a useful and fascinating series of articles. This work contains a dozen well-written and informative reviews, each of which rightfully deserves separate consideration. However, because of necessary space constraints, this discussion will focus on selected chapters. This selection is dictated more by the personal interests and knowledge of the reviewer rather than by any variations in quality among the individual papers. The 1986 edition of Legal Medicine leads off with a condensed overview of the epidemiology, etiology, and pathology of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In addition, discussion is presented on the prevention, treatment, and legal issues raised by this syndrome. The synopsis is derived from a review of literature published from 1982 through 1984. Despite the limited time frame, this chapter can still be recommended as a good reference documenting the development of most of the major points of concern around this century's major infections disease problem. The lead article is followed by a well-written chapter submitted by Dr. Parikh discussing various aspects of the largest industrial disaster the world has yet seen, the gruesome tragedy at Bhopal, India, on 2 Dec. 1984. This article covers many of the factual, technical, engineering, and legal issues that describe the occurrence and aftermath of the holocaust. Dr. Parikh might be faulted for being a bit judgmental in his presentation, however, given the horrific nature of this incident, such reaction is understandable. This volume is favored with a chapter which in itself makes Legal Medicine 1986 a required text for all clinical and forensic toxicologists. Dr. Charles L. Winek has once again supplied the toxicology community with an invaluable database on drug and chemical blood levels. Blood concentrations are given for therapeutic, toxic, and lethal situations. This 1986 update of Dr. Winek's continuing efforts draws on data from improved analytical techniques which have refined the toxicologists' ability to determine blood concentrations and hence is particularly useful for its inclusion of new therapeutic agents. The article can also be recommended for any clinician or attorney faced with interpreting results from toxicology analysis. Two other offerings in this volume should be of particular interest to attorneys specializing in biomedical technology. An excellent article by Dr. Sandy Sanbar gives an overview of current and developing technology in implantable medical devices. Artificial eyes, ears, and","PeriodicalId":7779,"journal":{"name":"American Malacological Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48725403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Drescher, N. Brown‐Peterson, Jennifer K. M. Walker
Understanding the relative times of gametogenesis and spawning of gametes in bivalves provides crucial insight on how a species may be influenced by environmental factors, in addition to the potential impacts a species of bivalve has on the ecosystem as a whole. The focus of this study was on gametogenesis and times of spawning in Rangia cuneata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1831), an infaunal estuarine bivalve inhabiting Johnson Bayou, Pass Christian, MS, and how salinity gradients may influence spawning. Specimens were collected monthly in 2016 from three sites along an established salinity gradient (0–16 ppt) within Johnson Bayou. Using standard histological methods and a quantitative method to estimate both the abundance of gametes and spawning times, this study showed that over the course of one year the rate of gametogenesis and times of spawning differed among sites. Clams of both sexes in the site closest to the opening of the bayou (lower site) produced gametes and spawned earlier (June) than those collected from the middle and upper sites (October–November). Interestingly, two separate spawning events are likely to have occurred by clams collected from the lower and middle sites. There was a positive correlation between increasing water temperature and mean percent gonadal tissue in all sites with a significant correlation at the middle and upper sites. In contrast, no correlation was found between salinity levels and mean percent gonadal tissue in clams from the lower site, while a weak positive but non-significant correlation was seen with clams from the middle and upper sites. There was a weak negative correlation between salinity levels and mean percentage of ripe gametes from the lower and middle sites, but a weak positive correlation from the upper site. The results indicate that the same species can vary the amount of gametes and spawning times in the same estuarine system, presumably due to the effects of abiotic factors, namely water temperature and salinity.
{"title":"A Reproductive Histological Analysis of Rangia cuneata (Venerida: Mactridae): Effects of Abiotic Factors","authors":"B. Drescher, N. Brown‐Peterson, Jennifer K. M. Walker","doi":"10.4003/006.037.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4003/006.037.0102","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the relative times of gametogenesis and spawning of gametes in bivalves provides crucial insight on how a species may be influenced by environmental factors, in addition to the potential impacts a species of bivalve has on the ecosystem as a whole. The focus of this study was on gametogenesis and times of spawning in Rangia cuneata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1831), an infaunal estuarine bivalve inhabiting Johnson Bayou, Pass Christian, MS, and how salinity gradients may influence spawning. Specimens were collected monthly in 2016 from three sites along an established salinity gradient (0–16 ppt) within Johnson Bayou. Using standard histological methods and a quantitative method to estimate both the abundance of gametes and spawning times, this study showed that over the course of one year the rate of gametogenesis and times of spawning differed among sites. Clams of both sexes in the site closest to the opening of the bayou (lower site) produced gametes and spawned earlier (June) than those collected from the middle and upper sites (October–November). Interestingly, two separate spawning events are likely to have occurred by clams collected from the lower and middle sites. There was a positive correlation between increasing water temperature and mean percent gonadal tissue in all sites with a significant correlation at the middle and upper sites. In contrast, no correlation was found between salinity levels and mean percent gonadal tissue in clams from the lower site, while a weak positive but non-significant correlation was seen with clams from the middle and upper sites. There was a weak negative correlation between salinity levels and mean percentage of ripe gametes from the lower and middle sites, but a weak positive correlation from the upper site. The results indicate that the same species can vary the amount of gametes and spawning times in the same estuarine system, presumably due to the effects of abiotic factors, namely water temperature and salinity.","PeriodicalId":7779,"journal":{"name":"American Malacological Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45148220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Louisiana's wetlands and crops are presently under invasion by Pomacea maculata (Perry, 1810). Insight into the physiology of ampullariids is vital to informing threat assessment, developing effective control measures, and enhancing our understanding of the physiological adaptations that facilitate successful introductions of invasive species. This paper addresses the respiratory physiology and heart rate of P. maculata submersed in water, during initial and extended (aestivation) emersion in air. Invasive P. maculata in Louisiana possess fully functional lungs and gills, permitting survival in air without access to water, and reciprocally, survival in water with no access to air. The aquatic respiration rate measured as V O2 (∼19 µL/g/h) was significantly lower than the initial aerial respiration rate (∼ 63 µL/g/h) for P. maculata, while the heart rate was similar in both water (∼37 bpm) and during initial emersion in air (∼34 bpm). Small snails ( 60 g) snails. A substantial reduction in heart rate (86%), body weight (24%), and V 02 (94%) was observed in P. maculata after 58 days of aestivation in air. Periodic changes in the rate of oxygen uptake and cardiac arrhythmia were regularly observed in snails during emersion in air.
{"title":"Respiratory Physiology and Heart Rate of Pomacea maculata in Water, Air, and during Aestivation","authors":"Kristy Mueck, L. Deaton, Andrea Lee","doi":"10.4003/006.037.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4003/006.037.0101","url":null,"abstract":"Louisiana's wetlands and crops are presently under invasion by Pomacea maculata (Perry, 1810). Insight into the physiology of ampullariids is vital to informing threat assessment, developing effective control measures, and enhancing our understanding of the physiological adaptations that facilitate successful introductions of invasive species. This paper addresses the respiratory physiology and heart rate of P. maculata submersed in water, during initial and extended (aestivation) emersion in air. Invasive P. maculata in Louisiana possess fully functional lungs and gills, permitting survival in air without access to water, and reciprocally, survival in water with no access to air. The aquatic respiration rate measured as V O2 (∼19 µL/g/h) was significantly lower than the initial aerial respiration rate (∼ 63 µL/g/h) for P. maculata, while the heart rate was similar in both water (∼37 bpm) and during initial emersion in air (∼34 bpm). Small snails ( 60 g) snails. A substantial reduction in heart rate (86%), body weight (24%), and V 02 (94%) was observed in P. maculata after 58 days of aestivation in air. Periodic changes in the rate of oxygen uptake and cardiac arrhythmia were regularly observed in snails during emersion in air.","PeriodicalId":7779,"journal":{"name":"American Malacological Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45599635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigated nonmarine gastropod fauna on Ulleung Island, an oceanic island in South Korea. Surveys were conducted in June and September 2018, which newly recorded four terrestrial gastropod species (Paludinellassiminea cf. japonica (Pilsbry, 1901), Vallonia costata (Muller, 1774), Meghimatium cf. bilineatum (Benson, 1842) and Ambigolimax sp.) and two freshwater snails (Galba truncatula (Muller, 1774) and Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805)). All records of nonmarine gastropods obtained from Ulleung Island so far were compiled as well.
{"title":"An Updated Checklist of Land and Freshwater Gastropod Fauna on Ulleung Island, South Korea","authors":"K. Kimura, Takumi Saito, S. Chiba, J. Pak","doi":"10.4003/006.037.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4003/006.037.0104","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated nonmarine gastropod fauna on Ulleung Island, an oceanic island in South Korea. Surveys were conducted in June and September 2018, which newly recorded four terrestrial gastropod species (Paludinellassiminea cf. japonica (Pilsbry, 1901), Vallonia costata (Muller, 1774), Meghimatium cf. bilineatum (Benson, 1842) and Ambigolimax sp.) and two freshwater snails (Galba truncatula (Muller, 1774) and Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805)). All records of nonmarine gastropods obtained from Ulleung Island so far were compiled as well.","PeriodicalId":7779,"journal":{"name":"American Malacological Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44164688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Five new records are presented on the presence of two rare cephalopod species (Argonauta argo (Linnaeus, 1758) and Ocythoe tuberculata (Rafinesque, 1814)) in the waters of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal. Increased collaboration with fishermen has made it possible to significantly add to the number of records in the region, and further collaboration may provide key insights into the ecology of these rare cephalopod species.
{"title":"Presence of Argonauta argo and Ocythoe tuberculata in Madeira Archipelago","authors":"R. Tejerina","doi":"10.4003/006.037.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4003/006.037.0105","url":null,"abstract":"Five new records are presented on the presence of two rare cephalopod species (Argonauta argo (Linnaeus, 1758) and Ocythoe tuberculata (Rafinesque, 1814)) in the waters of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal. Increased collaboration with fishermen has made it possible to significantly add to the number of records in the region, and further collaboration may provide key insights into the ecology of these rare cephalopod species.","PeriodicalId":7779,"journal":{"name":"American Malacological Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41389691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas W. Coote, Kathleen. Schmidt, R. Schmidt, E. Mcmullin
Abstract: The cryptic invader, Ferrissia californica (Rowell, 1863) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), was identified using specimens collected in freshwater streams on Montserrat, West Indies using mtDNA sequences. This is the first record of a freshwater limpet from Montserrat and the third ancyline reported from the Caribbean. Freshwater limpets are small and difficult to find, which suggests that they are present on other islands, and the morphological plasticity of Ferrissia spp. suggests that published records of freshwater limpets from the Caribbean may include misidentified species.
{"title":"Discovery of the Freshwater Limpet, Ferrissia californica (Rowell, 1863) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), from the Streams of Montserrat, West Indies, a New Addition to the Caribbean Fauna","authors":"Thomas W. Coote, Kathleen. Schmidt, R. Schmidt, E. Mcmullin","doi":"10.4003/006.036.0208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4003/006.036.0208","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The cryptic invader, Ferrissia californica (Rowell, 1863) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), was identified using specimens collected in freshwater streams on Montserrat, West Indies using mtDNA sequences. This is the first record of a freshwater limpet from Montserrat and the third ancyline reported from the Caribbean. Freshwater limpets are small and difficult to find, which suggests that they are present on other islands, and the morphological plasticity of Ferrissia spp. suggests that published records of freshwater limpets from the Caribbean may include misidentified species.","PeriodicalId":7779,"journal":{"name":"American Malacological Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47730460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Lazari, M. S. Doldan, Angélica Carignano, María Eugenia Orrego, E. Morsan
Abstract: Ascidiella aspersa (Muller, 1776) is an exotic tunicate species widely distributed along the Sud-Occidental Atlantic coasts. In Patagonia waters, it forms dense aggregations at El Sótano (San Matías Gulf). We report an undescribed association between this invasive tunicate and a native mytilid species, Musculus viator (d'Orbigny, 1842). During a benthic study, a total of 543 individuals of A. aspersa were collected at El Sótano. A total of 689 individuals of M. viator were extracted from the tunics of 42 A. aspersa specimens. A maximum of 50 mytilid per tunicate was found. No relationship was found between the size of the tunicates and the size of M. viator. The prevalence of M. viator on A. aspersa individuals suggested that the tunicate invasion might have altered the community structure by improving local physical conditions -alternative substrate or refuge- for mytilid populations.
{"title":"Association of the Mytilid Musculus viator with the Invasive Tunicate Ascidiella aspersa in San Matías Gulf, Argentine Patagonia","authors":"C. Lazari, M. S. Doldan, Angélica Carignano, María Eugenia Orrego, E. Morsan","doi":"10.4003/006.036.0207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4003/006.036.0207","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Ascidiella aspersa (Muller, 1776) is an exotic tunicate species widely distributed along the Sud-Occidental Atlantic coasts. In Patagonia waters, it forms dense aggregations at El Sótano (San Matías Gulf). We report an undescribed association between this invasive tunicate and a native mytilid species, Musculus viator (d'Orbigny, 1842). During a benthic study, a total of 543 individuals of A. aspersa were collected at El Sótano. A total of 689 individuals of M. viator were extracted from the tunics of 42 A. aspersa specimens. A maximum of 50 mytilid per tunicate was found. No relationship was found between the size of the tunicates and the size of M. viator. The prevalence of M. viator on A. aspersa individuals suggested that the tunicate invasion might have altered the community structure by improving local physical conditions -alternative substrate or refuge- for mytilid populations.","PeriodicalId":7779,"journal":{"name":"American Malacological Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46038286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: In 2017, a minimum of 8.5 million mollusk lots representing some 100 million specimens were held by 86 natural history collections in the U.S. (81) and Canada (5). Of these, 6.2 million lots representing 70 million specimens were cataloged (73%), another 2.3 million lots were considered quality backlog awaiting cataloguing, and 4.5 million lots (53% of the total) had undergone some form of data digitization. About 1.1 million (25%) of the digitized lots have been georeferenced, albeit with different approaches to accuracy and uncertainty. Fewer than 25% of collections, mainly larger ones, claim to be fully Darwin Core compliant. There are 35,000 primary type lots and 66,000 secondary type lots, representing 1.6% of cataloged lots. About 87% of lots are dry and 13% are fluid preserved, with less than 0.3% frozen. The majority of lots are gastropods (71%) and bivalves (26%). By habitat, 54% of lots are marine, 26% terrestrial, 19% freshwater, and 1% brackish. About 43% of marine and 57% of non-marine holdings are from North America including the Caribbean. Solem (1975), in a previous survey of U.S. and Canadian malacological collections, reported 3.74 million lots of which 775,000 (21%) were uncataloged backlog, and suggested that backlog was growing at a faster rate than specimens were being cataloged. Since then the overall size of mollusk collections has grown by 227% and cataloged lots by 208%, but quality backlog has grown by 300%, confi rming Solem's extrapolation. Solem noted that the eight largest collections held 78% of the lots, but in 2017 the eight largest (now with a slightly different composition) held only 63.5% of the lots, refl ecting substantial growth of small and mid-sized collections, and the larger number of institutions that we surveyed. Solem reported a substantial gap between large collections (≥160,000 lots; AMNH, ANSP, BPBM, DMNH, FMNH, LACM, MCZ, UF, UMMZ, USNM) and mid-sized ones (35,000-75,000 lots; ChM, FWRI, Hefner, HMNS, SDNH, NCSM, SIOBIC, UCM, UWBM, YPM), but seven collections now fall in the range of 76,000 to 160,000 (CM, BMSM, CASIZ, CMNML, INHS, OSUM, and SBMNH), and two have jumped to the large category (UF and DMNH). Often overlooked is Solem's conclusion that mollusk collections in the United States and Canada are second only to insect collections for number of specimens, which is still true. Because there are far fewer species of mollusks than insects, mollusks have more specimens per species, averaging 1,100 in our survey, almost ten times what Solem reported for insects and approaching what he reported for fish. Bivalvia may have as many as 2,400 specimens/species, which makes them among the best-sampled classes of metazoans. The high number of specimens/species among mollusk and fish collection makes them well-suited for environmental studies that track faunal change over time and space.
{"title":"Mobilizing Mollusks: Status Update on Mollusk Collections in the U.S.A. and Canada","authors":"P. Sierwald, R. Bieler, E. Shea, G. Rosenberg","doi":"10.4003/006.036.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4003/006.036.0202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In 2017, a minimum of 8.5 million mollusk lots representing some 100 million specimens were held by 86 natural history collections in the U.S. (81) and Canada (5). Of these, 6.2 million lots representing 70 million specimens were cataloged (73%), another 2.3 million lots were considered quality backlog awaiting cataloguing, and 4.5 million lots (53% of the total) had undergone some form of data digitization. About 1.1 million (25%) of the digitized lots have been georeferenced, albeit with different approaches to accuracy and uncertainty. Fewer than 25% of collections, mainly larger ones, claim to be fully Darwin Core compliant. There are 35,000 primary type lots and 66,000 secondary type lots, representing 1.6% of cataloged lots. About 87% of lots are dry and 13% are fluid preserved, with less than 0.3% frozen. The majority of lots are gastropods (71%) and bivalves (26%). By habitat, 54% of lots are marine, 26% terrestrial, 19% freshwater, and 1% brackish. About 43% of marine and 57% of non-marine holdings are from North America including the Caribbean. Solem (1975), in a previous survey of U.S. and Canadian malacological collections, reported 3.74 million lots of which 775,000 (21%) were uncataloged backlog, and suggested that backlog was growing at a faster rate than specimens were being cataloged. Since then the overall size of mollusk collections has grown by 227% and cataloged lots by 208%, but quality backlog has grown by 300%, confi rming Solem's extrapolation. Solem noted that the eight largest collections held 78% of the lots, but in 2017 the eight largest (now with a slightly different composition) held only 63.5% of the lots, refl ecting substantial growth of small and mid-sized collections, and the larger number of institutions that we surveyed. Solem reported a substantial gap between large collections (≥160,000 lots; AMNH, ANSP, BPBM, DMNH, FMNH, LACM, MCZ, UF, UMMZ, USNM) and mid-sized ones (35,000-75,000 lots; ChM, FWRI, Hefner, HMNS, SDNH, NCSM, SIOBIC, UCM, UWBM, YPM), but seven collections now fall in the range of 76,000 to 160,000 (CM, BMSM, CASIZ, CMNML, INHS, OSUM, and SBMNH), and two have jumped to the large category (UF and DMNH). Often overlooked is Solem's conclusion that mollusk collections in the United States and Canada are second only to insect collections for number of specimens, which is still true. Because there are far fewer species of mollusks than insects, mollusks have more specimens per species, averaging 1,100 in our survey, almost ten times what Solem reported for insects and approaching what he reported for fish. Bivalvia may have as many as 2,400 specimens/species, which makes them among the best-sampled classes of metazoans. The high number of specimens/species among mollusk and fish collection makes them well-suited for environmental studies that track faunal change over time and space.","PeriodicalId":7779,"journal":{"name":"American Malacological Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47410323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. C. Esqueda-González, E. Ríos‐Jara, E. López-Uriarte, M. Chávez-Sánchez, S. Abad-Rosales, J. E. Michel‐Morfín
Abstract: The reproductive cycle, stages of gonadal development, and minimum size of sexual maturity are described for a population of the clam Donax punctatostriatus Hanley, 1843 from a sandy beach in southern Sinaloa, Mexico. A total of 880 clams were collected from January 2009 to June 2010; 3.2% were sexually undifferentiated and 1.4% had the trematode parasite Postmonorchis sp, in the gonadal tissue. The total length of the clams ranged from 3.5–25.64 mm ( = 13.51, S.D. = ±4.47 mm). The sexual proportion did not differ significantly from ♀1:1♂ (p > 0.05). The minimum size at sexual maturity (L50) was L50 = 12.03 mm. The gametogenic cycle comprise six stages of gonadal development (0-V). The population is reproductively active throughout the year and spawning is continuous, with three major peaks in April, July and September 2009. In March, when the water temperature was between 21–23 °C, most individuals were in stage I. This period is characterized by a rapid maturation of gametes. At the end of October and during November, when water temperature was warmer (25–28 °C), 50% of the individuals were in stage V (spent). Recruitment was more intense from July to October of 2009, when the highest temperatures of the year were recorded (28–31 °C). Photoperiod and the proportion of mature individuals of both sexes were significantly correlated (Pearson's correlation value = 0.62; p < 0.05). Since this clam is a potential resource for human consumption, the information here presented may contribute to a better management and use of their populations in the Mexican Pacific.
{"title":"Reproductive Cycle of Donax punctatostriatus (Hanley, 1843) (Bivalvia: Donacidae) in a Sandy Beach of Sinaloa, Mexico","authors":"M. C. Esqueda-González, E. Ríos‐Jara, E. López-Uriarte, M. Chávez-Sánchez, S. Abad-Rosales, J. E. Michel‐Morfín","doi":"10.4003/006.036.0206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4003/006.036.0206","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000 The reproductive cycle, stages of gonadal development, and minimum size of sexual maturity are described for a population of the clam Donax punctatostriatus Hanley, 1843 from a sandy beach in southern Sinaloa, Mexico. A total of 880 clams were collected from January 2009 to June 2010; 3.2% were sexually undifferentiated and 1.4% had the trematode parasite Postmonorchis sp, in the gonadal tissue. The total length of the clams ranged from 3.5–25.64 mm ( = 13.51, S.D. = ±4.47 mm). The sexual proportion did not differ significantly from ♀1:1♂ (p > 0.05). The minimum size at sexual maturity (L50) was L50 = 12.03 mm. The gametogenic cycle comprise six stages of gonadal development (0-V). The population is reproductively active throughout the year and spawning is continuous, with three major peaks in April, July and September 2009. In March, when the water temperature was between 21–23 °C, most individuals were in stage I. This period is characterized by a rapid maturation of gametes. At the end of October and during November, when water temperature was warmer (25–28 °C), 50% of the individuals were in stage V (spent). Recruitment was more intense from July to October of 2009, when the highest temperatures of the year were recorded (28–31 °C). Photoperiod and the proportion of mature individuals of both sexes were significantly correlated (Pearson's correlation value = 0.62; p < 0.05). Since this clam is a potential resource for human consumption, the information here presented may contribute to a better management and use of their populations in the Mexican Pacific.","PeriodicalId":7779,"journal":{"name":"American Malacological Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45065463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Terrestrial gastropod inventories can be improved, both in scope and thoroughness, by including species observations made by citizen scientists. Few citizen science projects, however, focus on terrestrial gastropods and perhaps none has mobilized members of the public to survey the malacofauna of a major North American metropolitan area. Here we report first occurrence records of five introduced terrestrial gastropod species in the metropolitan areas of Los Angeles, Orange, and Riverside counties in California, discovered by citizen science: Arion hortensis Férussac, 1819, Cochlicella barbara (Linnaeus, 1758), Lauria cylindracea (Da Costa, 1778), Pupoides albilabris (C.B. Adams, 1841), and Xerotricha conspurcata (Draparnaud, 1801). Four of these taxa are known elsewhere in California and one, L. cylindracea, is a first occurrence record for the U.S.A. All were contributed to SLIME, a citizen science project and malacofaunal inventory of southern California initiated by the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County and hosted online by iNaturalist. Species identifications were made based on snail or slug morphology and collected specimens' COI barcoding sequences, which were compared to those in GenBank and BOLD databases. These discoveries demonstrate the efficacy of SLIME and the potential for molluscan-focused citizen science to detect and document land snail and slug taxa in a major metropolis.
{"title":"Five New Records of Introduced Terrestrial Gastropods in Southern California Discovered by Citizen Science","authors":"Jann E. Vendetti, Cedric Lee, P. LaFollette","doi":"10.4003/006.036.0204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4003/006.036.0204","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Terrestrial gastropod inventories can be improved, both in scope and thoroughness, by including species observations made by citizen scientists. Few citizen science projects, however, focus on terrestrial gastropods and perhaps none has mobilized members of the public to survey the malacofauna of a major North American metropolitan area. Here we report first occurrence records of five introduced terrestrial gastropod species in the metropolitan areas of Los Angeles, Orange, and Riverside counties in California, discovered by citizen science: Arion hortensis Férussac, 1819, Cochlicella barbara (Linnaeus, 1758), Lauria cylindracea (Da Costa, 1778), Pupoides albilabris (C.B. Adams, 1841), and Xerotricha conspurcata (Draparnaud, 1801). Four of these taxa are known elsewhere in California and one, L. cylindracea, is a first occurrence record for the U.S.A. All were contributed to SLIME, a citizen science project and malacofaunal inventory of southern California initiated by the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County and hosted online by iNaturalist. Species identifications were made based on snail or slug morphology and collected specimens' COI barcoding sequences, which were compared to those in GenBank and BOLD databases. These discoveries demonstrate the efficacy of SLIME and the potential for molluscan-focused citizen science to detect and document land snail and slug taxa in a major metropolis.","PeriodicalId":7779,"journal":{"name":"American Malacological Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44074135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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