Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503941
Javier González de Dios , María Salomé Albi Rodríguez , Álvaro Gimeno Díaz de Atauri , Laura Cabrera Morente , Elena Pérez González , Carlos Ochoa Sangrador , Comité de Pediatría Basada en la Evidencia
Evidence-Based Medicine relies on five structured steps: formulating a question, searching for evidence, critical appraisal of the evidence, assessing applicability and evaluating performance. While all steps are essential, critical appraisal is the central component, implemented in three stages: analyzing validity or scientific rigor (including both internal and external validity), evaluating clinical relevance or importance (considering quantitative, qualitative, comparative dimensions, and the balance of benefits, risks, and costs), and determining applicability (in routine clinical practice). Among the useful tools for critical appraisal, notable resources include templates and materials from CASPe and Osteba, as well as the epidemiological calculator Calcupedev, developed by the Committee on Evidence-Based Pediatrics.
This article explores the necessary process of critically appraising studies on prognostic and risk factors through the analysis of observational studies (cohort and case-control studies).
{"title":"Lectura crítica (I): Fundamentos, herramientas y su aplicación en artículos científicos sobre pronóstico y efectos perjudiciales","authors":"Javier González de Dios , María Salomé Albi Rodríguez , Álvaro Gimeno Díaz de Atauri , Laura Cabrera Morente , Elena Pérez González , Carlos Ochoa Sangrador , Comité de Pediatría Basada en la Evidencia","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evidence-Based Medicine relies on five structured steps: formulating a question, searching for evidence, critical appraisal of the evidence, assessing applicability and evaluating performance. While all steps are essential, critical appraisal is the central component, implemented in three stages: analyzing validity or scientific rigor (including both internal and external validity), evaluating clinical relevance or importance (considering quantitative, qualitative, comparative dimensions, and the balance of benefits, risks, and costs), and determining applicability (in routine clinical practice). Among the useful tools for critical appraisal, notable resources include templates and materials from CASPe and Osteba, as well as the epidemiological calculator Calcupedev, developed by the Committee on Evidence-Based Pediatrics.</div><div>This article explores the necessary process of critically appraising studies on prognostic and risk factors through the analysis of observational studies (cohort and case-control studies).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":"103 4","pages":"Article 503941"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503969
Joana Azevedo Silva, Raquel Santos, Ana Rita Batista, Mafalda Cascais
{"title":"Lesiones papulovesiculosas intraorales neonatales: una manifestación poco frecuente de una dolencia común","authors":"Joana Azevedo Silva, Raquel Santos, Ana Rita Batista, Mafalda Cascais","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503969","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":"103 4","pages":"Article 503969"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503940
Miguel Ángel Molina Gutiérrez , Laura Casado Zamarro , Begoña de Miguel Lavisier , José Antonio Ruiz Domínguez , María de Ceano-Vivas la Calle
{"title":"Aumento de los casos de sobreingesta de vitamina D en la población infantil","authors":"Miguel Ángel Molina Gutiérrez , Laura Casado Zamarro , Begoña de Miguel Lavisier , José Antonio Ruiz Domínguez , María de Ceano-Vivas la Calle","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503940","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":"103 3","pages":"Article 503940"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503911
Pedro J. Alcalá Minagorre , Ricardo Martino Alba
{"title":"El derecho del niño a ser cuidado: una opción humana en el debate de la eutanasia","authors":"Pedro J. Alcalá Minagorre , Ricardo Martino Alba","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503911","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":"103 3","pages":"Article 503911"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503910
Maddi Mikelarena Erdozain, Irene Astaburuaga Ereña, Ane Gabilondo Loizate, Ines Teresa Bolsa Ferrer, Frederic Samson
{"title":"Ecografía clínica para la detección de fracturas de dedos de la mano en urgencias de pediatría","authors":"Maddi Mikelarena Erdozain, Irene Astaburuaga Ereña, Ane Gabilondo Loizate, Ines Teresa Bolsa Ferrer, Frederic Samson","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503910","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":"103 3","pages":"Article 503910"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503933
Begoña Pérez-Moneo , M. Jesús Esparza Olcina , Sergio Flores Villar , Carolina Blanco Rodríguez , M. Victoria Martínez Rubio , Manuel Molina Arias , Comité de Trabajo de Pediatría Basada en la Evidencia
Epidemiology is a fundamental discipline in medical research, as it examines the distribution and determinants of diseases within populations. To achieve this, it employs various research designs, which are broadly classified into observational and experimental studies. Observational studies include descriptive studies, such as case series and cross-sectional studies, as well as analytical studies, such as cohort and case-control studies, which assess associations between exposures and health outcomes. Experimental studies, particularly randomized controlled trials, establish causal relationships. The choice of study design depends on the research question, feasibility and available resources.
It is essential to understand their characteristics, the contexts in which they should be applied and the most common sources of bias to ensure the accurate interpretation of results.
{"title":"Metodología para la investigación y publicación científica en pediatría. Principales diseños metodológicos","authors":"Begoña Pérez-Moneo , M. Jesús Esparza Olcina , Sergio Flores Villar , Carolina Blanco Rodríguez , M. Victoria Martínez Rubio , Manuel Molina Arias , Comité de Trabajo de Pediatría Basada en la Evidencia","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epidemiology is a fundamental discipline in medical research, as it examines the distribution and determinants of diseases within populations. To achieve this, it employs various research designs, which are broadly classified into observational and experimental studies. Observational studies include descriptive studies, such as case series and cross-sectional studies, as well as analytical studies, such as cohort and case-control studies, which assess associations between exposures and health outcomes. Experimental studies, particularly randomized controlled trials, establish causal relationships. The choice of study design depends on the research question, feasibility and available resources.</div><div>It is essential to understand their characteristics, the contexts in which they should be applied and the most common sources of bias to ensure the accurate interpretation of results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":"103 3","pages":"Article 503933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503966
Arantxa Aparicio Coll , Lorena Algarrada Vico , Ariadna Rigalós Cases , Victoria Trenchs Sainz de la Maza , Carles Luaces Cubells , Susanna Hernández Bou
Introduction
Febrile infants with a confirmed viral infection are at lower risk of an invasive bacterial infection (IBI). Several authors recommend individualizing screening in febrile infants aged 1 to 3 months, but there are currently no specific recommendations for neonates. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of IBI in febrile neonates with influenzavirus infection.
Methods
Observational descriptive study in febrile infants aged less than 29 days managed in the emergency department with a microbiological diagnosis of influenza over a 21-year period (2004-2023). We excluded patients with an abnormal pediatric assessment triangle or who had received antibiotherapy in the past week.
Results
The sample included 112 patients. Urine culture was performed in all, blood culture in 108 (96.4%) and lumbar puncture in 61 (54.5%). A total of 102 (91.1%) were admitted to hospital, of who 61 (59.8%) received antibiotics. An IBI was identified in one patient (prevalence 0.9%; 95% CI, 0.2%-4.9%): a girl aged 8 days with a bloodstream infection by Escherichia coli. Additionally, 7 (6.3%, 95% CI: 3.1–12.3%) patients presented with a urinary tract infection.
Conclusions
The prevalence of IBI in febrile neonates with influenza infection is very low, with no detection of cases of bacterial meningitis. Confirmation of these results in a multicenter study, which could also identify associated risk factors, would allow a less aggressive approach to the management of low-risk patients.
{"title":"Infecciones bacterianas invasivas en neonatos febriles con infección por el virus influenza","authors":"Arantxa Aparicio Coll , Lorena Algarrada Vico , Ariadna Rigalós Cases , Victoria Trenchs Sainz de la Maza , Carles Luaces Cubells , Susanna Hernández Bou","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2025.503966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Febrile infants with a confirmed viral infection are at lower risk of an invasive bacterial infection (IBI). Several authors recommend individualizing screening in febrile infants aged 1 to 3 months, but there are currently no specific recommendations for neonates. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of IBI in febrile neonates with influenzavirus infection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Observational descriptive study in febrile infants aged less than 29 days managed in the emergency department with a microbiological diagnosis of influenza over a 21-year period (2004-2023). We excluded patients with an abnormal pediatric assessment triangle or who had received antibiotherapy in the past week.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The sample included 112 patients. Urine culture was performed in all, blood culture in 108 (96.4%) and lumbar puncture in 61 (54.5%). A total of 102 (91.1%) were admitted to hospital, of who 61 (59.8%) received antibiotics. An IBI was identified in one patient (prevalence 0.9%; 95% CI, 0.2%-4.9%): a girl aged 8 days with a bloodstream infection by <em>Escherichia coli</em>. Additionally, 7 (6.3%, 95% CI: 3.1–12.3%) patients presented with a urinary tract infection.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The prevalence of IBI in febrile neonates with influenza infection is very low, with no detection of cases of bacterial meningitis. Confirmation of these results in a multicenter study, which could also identify associated risk factors, would allow a less aggressive approach to the management of low-risk patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":"103 3","pages":"Article 503966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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