Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2024.02.010
Pilar Medina-Alva
{"title":"El cuidado del cerebro del neonato asfixiado en entornos con recursos limitados","authors":"Pilar Medina-Alva","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2024.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2024.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1695403324000419/pdfft?md5=b8b34d9e6d36db7a0a63203e7cc2adb0&pid=1-s2.0-S1695403324000419-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140280955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is estimated that 96% of infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) are born in resource-limited settings with no capacity to provide the standard of care that has been established for nearly 15 years in high-resource countries, which includes therapeutic hypothermia, continuous electroencephalographic monitoring and magnetic resonance imaging in addition to close vital signs and haemodynamic monitoring. This situation does not seem to be changing; however, even with these limitations, currently available knowledge can help improve the care of HIE patients in resource-limited settings. The purpose of this systematic review was to provide, under the term «HIE Code», evidence-based recommendations for feasible care practices to optimise the care of infants with HIE and potentially help reduce the risks associated with comorbidity and improve neurodevelopmental outcomes. The content of the HIE code was grouped under 9 headings: 1) prevention of HIE, 2) resuscitation, 3) first 6 hours post birth, 4) identification and grading of encephalopathy, 5) seizure management, 6) other therapeutic interventions, 7) multiple organ dysfunction, 8) diagnostic tests and 9) family care.
据估计,96% 的缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)婴儿出生在资源有限的环境中,没有能力提供高资源国家近 15 年来所建立的标准护理,其中包括治疗性低温、连续脑电图监测和磁共振成像,以及严密的生命体征和血流动力学监测。这种情况似乎并没有改变;不过,即使存在这些局限性,目前可用的知识仍有助于改善资源有限环境中对 HIE 患者的护理。本系统性综述的目的是根据 "HIE 代码 "这一术语,为可行的护理措施提供循证建议,以优化对 HIE 婴儿的护理,并可能帮助降低与合并症相关的风险和改善神经发育结果。HIE 准则的内容分为 9 个标题:1) HIE 的预防;2) 复苏;3) 出生后 6 小时内;4) 脑病的识别和分级;5) 癫痫发作管理;6) 其他治疗干预;7) 多器官功能障碍;8) 诊断测试;9) 家庭护理。
{"title":"Código encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica: revisión sistematizada para entornos con recursos limitados","authors":"Alfredo García-Alix , Juan Arnaez , Gemma Arca , Miriam Martinez-Biarge","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2024.02.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2024.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is estimated that 96% of infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) are born in resource-limited settings with no capacity to provide the standard of care that has been established for nearly 15 years in high-resource countries, which includes therapeutic hypothermia, continuous electroencephalographic monitoring and magnetic resonance imaging in addition to close vital signs and haemodynamic monitoring. This situation does not seem to be changing; however, even with these limitations, currently available knowledge can help improve the care of HIE patients in resource-limited settings. The purpose of this systematic review was to provide, under the term «HIE Code», evidence-based recommendations for feasible care practices to optimise the care of infants with HIE and potentially help reduce the risks associated with comorbidity and improve neurodevelopmental outcomes. The content of the HIE code was grouped under 9 headings: 1) prevention of HIE, 2) resuscitation, 3) first 6<!--> <!-->hours post birth, 4) identification and grading of encephalopathy, 5) seizure management, 6) other therapeutic interventions, 7) multiple organ dysfunction, 8) diagnostic tests and 9) family care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1695403324000560/pdfft?md5=bf63456d0f525676b0d4254406d742f8&pid=1-s2.0-S1695403324000560-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140281768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2023.11.014
Ricardo Craveiro Costa , Catarina Schrempp Esteves , Inês Marques , Hugo Castro Faria
{"title":"Malformación arteriovenosa pulmonar compleja en un niño de 18 meses","authors":"Ricardo Craveiro Costa , Catarina Schrempp Esteves , Inês Marques , Hugo Castro Faria","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2023.11.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2023.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S169540332400002X/pdfft?md5=50367a384d1927d4658dccc1b7f071af&pid=1-s2.0-S169540332400002X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139639162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2024.01.017
Enrique Gutiérrez-González , Blanca Andreu-Ivorra , Almudena Rollán-Gordo , Laura Tejedor-Romero , Francisco Sánchez-Arenas , Marta García-Solano
Introduction
Childhood excess weight is a growing public health problem. The aim of this study was to assess temporal trends in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity in schoolchildren aged 6 to 9 years in Spain between 2011 and 2019 based on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.
Methodology
The analysis included data from the 2011, 2015 and 2019 rounds of the cross-sectional observational and descriptive ALADINO study in schoolchildren of both sexes aged 6 to 9 years. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity (defined according to the criteria of the World Health Organization [WHO] and the International Obesity Task Force [IOTF]) and of central obesity, in addition to associated demographic and socioeconomic variables.
Results
Between 2011 and 2019, the prevalence of overweight (WHO criteria) decreased in boys aged 6, 7 and 8 years (by −5.4%, −5.7% and −5.3%, respectively) and boys whose parents had a higher educational attainment (by −5.3%). In relation to the socioeconomic level, overweight in boys declined at all income levels. However, between 2011 and 2019, both the prevalence of overweight in girls and the prevalence of obesity (applying the WHO and IOTF criteria) and the prevalence of central obesity in both sexes remained stable.
Conclusions
The prevalence of overweight and the prevalence of obesity in schoolchildren aged 6 to 9 years in Spain remain high. Between 2011 and 2019, the prevalence of overweight in children aged 6 to 8 years and in children whose parents had university degrees decreased, whereas obesity in boys, overweight and obesity in girls and central obesity in both sexes remained stable.
{"title":"Diferencias en la evolución del sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil en España en el periodo 2011-2019 por sexo, edad y nivel socioeconómico: resultados del estudio ALADINO","authors":"Enrique Gutiérrez-González , Blanca Andreu-Ivorra , Almudena Rollán-Gordo , Laura Tejedor-Romero , Francisco Sánchez-Arenas , Marta García-Solano","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2024.01.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2024.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Childhood excess weight is a growing public health problem. The aim of this study was to assess temporal trends in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity in schoolchildren aged 6 to 9<!--> <!-->years in Spain between 2011 and 2019 based on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>The analysis included data from the 2011, 2015 and 2019 rounds of the cross-sectional observational and descriptive ALADINO study in schoolchildren of both sexes aged 6 to 9<!--> <!-->years. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity (defined according to the criteria of the World Health Organization [WHO] and the International Obesity Task Force [IOTF]) and of central obesity, in addition to associated demographic and socioeconomic variables.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Between 2011 and 2019, the prevalence of overweight (WHO criteria) decreased in boys aged 6, 7 and 8<!--> <!-->years (by −5.4%, −5.7% and −5.3%, respectively) and boys whose parents had a higher educational attainment (by −5.3%). In relation to the socioeconomic level, overweight in boys declined at all income levels. However, between 2011 and 2019, both the prevalence of overweight in girls and the prevalence of obesity (applying the WHO and IOTF criteria) and the prevalence of central obesity in both sexes remained stable.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The prevalence of overweight and the prevalence of obesity in schoolchildren aged 6 to 9<!--> <!-->years in Spain remain high. Between 2011 and 2019, the prevalence of overweight in children aged 6 to 8<!--> <!-->years and in children whose parents had university degrees decreased, whereas obesity in boys, overweight and obesity in girls and central obesity in both sexes remained stable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1695403324000316/pdfft?md5=0f54d55ad1959f8696912d984f284810&pid=1-s2.0-S1695403324000316-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2024.01.015
Alicia Pérez-Pérez , Virginia Courel del Río , Sonia García Fernández , Luis Castaño González , Isolina Riaño Galán
{"title":"Hipomagnesemia, un diagnóstico a considerar","authors":"Alicia Pérez-Pérez , Virginia Courel del Río , Sonia García Fernández , Luis Castaño González , Isolina Riaño Galán","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2024.01.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2024.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1695403324000298/pdfft?md5=c860f4fcffc6ba6ab6583f743b44a85f&pid=1-s2.0-S1695403324000298-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of children with tracheostomies. The objective was to describe the characteristics of paediatric patients with a tracheostomy followed up by the palliative care and complex chronic patient service (PCCCPS) of a tertiary care hospital.
Methods
Single-centre retrospective observational study in patients aged less than 18 years with a tracheostomy manage by the PCCCPS of a tertiary care hospital (November 2020-June 2022). We analysed epidemiological, clinical, microbiological and social data by reviewing the health records.
Results
The sample included 44 tracheostomized patients. The most frequent underlying disease was acquired upper airway disease (20.5%). The most common indication for tracheostomy was upper airway obstruction (66%). Bacterial isolates were detected in 84% of the tracheal aspirates, among which Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most frequent (56.8%). The most frequently prescribed antibiotic was ciprofloxacin (84%). In addition, 18.1% of the patients received at least one course of intravenous antibiotherapy and 29.5% received more than three systemic antibiotic regimens in the past 20 months. Fifty-nine percent of the children were schooled: 38.6% attended a regular school, 15.9% a special needs school and 4.5% were home-schooled. We identified social difficulties in 53.7%. Also, 22.7% of the families received financial support to care for a child with severe illness.
Conclusions
Because of the complexity of caring for tracheostomized children, integral and coordinated management is essential. Schooling is possible and safe if caregivers are trained.
{"title":"Características de los pacientes traqueostomizados en seguimiento por un Servicio de Atención Paliativa y de Paciente Crónico Complejo (SAPPCC)","authors":"Gemma Pons-Tomàs , Rodrigo Morales Painamil , Sílvia Ricart Campos , Eduard Pellicer Arasa , Lucía Peñarrubia Sanflorencio , Laura Ponce Corredor , Isabel Torrús López","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2023.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2023.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objectives</h3><p>In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of children with tracheostomies. The objective was to describe the characteristics of paediatric patients with a tracheostomy followed up by the palliative care and complex chronic patient service (PCCCPS) of a tertiary care hospital.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Single-centre retrospective observational study in patients aged less than 18<!--> <!-->years with a tracheostomy manage by the PCCCPS of a tertiary care hospital (November 2020-June 2022). We analysed epidemiological, clinical, microbiological and social data by reviewing the health records.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The sample included 44 tracheostomized patients. The most frequent underlying disease was acquired upper airway disease (20.5%). The most common indication for tracheostomy was upper airway obstruction (66%). Bacterial isolates were detected in 84% of the tracheal aspirates, among which <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> was most frequent (56.8%). The most frequently prescribed antibiotic was ciprofloxacin (84%). In addition, 18.1% of the patients received at least one course of intravenous antibiotherapy and 29.5% received more than three systemic antibiotic regimens in the past 20<!--> <!-->months. Fifty-nine percent of the children were schooled: 38.6% attended a regular school, 15.9% a special needs school and 4.5% were home-schooled. We identified social difficulties in 53.7%. Also, 22.7% of the families received financial support to care for a child with severe illness.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Because of the complexity of caring for tracheostomized children, integral and coordinated management is essential. Schooling is possible and safe if caregivers are trained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1695403323002680/pdfft?md5=4cd6ce0aeb6a06435110ba1e4c766634&pid=1-s2.0-S1695403323002680-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2023.12.011
Mariana Santos , Carla Conceição
{"title":"Síndrome de Gorham-Stout: una causa rara de lesiones osteolíticas","authors":"Mariana Santos , Carla Conceição","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2023.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2023.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1695403324000080/pdfft?md5=18fd2a129afbb92d18abd5e59ca60fd0&pid=1-s2.0-S1695403324000080-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2023.11.012
Gonzalo Zeballos-Sarrato , Alejandro Avila-Alvarez , César W. Ruiz Campillo , Marta Costa-Romero , Martín Iriondo Sanz
{"title":"Reanimación del recién nacido fuera de la sala de partos: ¿algoritmo neonatal o del lactante? Resultados de una encuesta nacional","authors":"Gonzalo Zeballos-Sarrato , Alejandro Avila-Alvarez , César W. Ruiz Campillo , Marta Costa-Romero , Martín Iriondo Sanz","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2023.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2023.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1695403323002539/pdfft?md5=b5866e817bf1beb4fd49a47e91953220&pid=1-s2.0-S1695403323002539-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluación de la necesidad formativa en soporte vital básico percibida por los cuidadores","authors":"Alicia Ogando Martínez, Esther Camino Vázquez Pérez, Alejandro Avila-Alvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1695403323002643/pdfft?md5=3aa31a15093054b05ecd11f6b0a9406a&pid=1-s2.0-S1695403323002643-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139454760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2023.09.022
Nerea Mourino , Leonor Varela-Lema , María Isolina Santiago-Pérez , Joseph M. Braun , Julia Rey-Brandariz , Cristina Candal-Pedreira , Mónica Pérez-Ríos
Introduction
The factors and patterns associated with antibiotic consumption in infants are unclear. Our aim was to assess the cumulative incidence of antibiotic consumption from birth to 16 months and identify factors associated with antibiotic consumption among infants aged 4 to 16 months.
Material and methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study in 2016 in a sample of 18,882 women from Galicia, Spain, who had given birth to a live child between September 1, 2015 and August 31, 2016. We calculated the cumulative incidence of antibiotic consumption based on maternal reports regarding the infant's consumption from birth to 14 months obtained through interviews; we did not estimate consumption at ages 15 and 16 months due to the small sample size. To assess which factors were associated with antibiotic consumption, we carried out a nested case-control study matching cases and controls for birth month on a 1:1 ratio.
Results
The cumulative incidence of antibiotic consumption among infants aged 0 to 14 months increased from 7.5% to 66.0%. The case-control study included data for 1,852 cases and 1,852 controls. Daycare attendance (OR: 3.8 [95% CI: 3.2-4.6]), having older siblings (OR: 1.8 [95% CI: 1.6-2.1]), health care visits to private clinics (OR: 1.6 [95% CI: 1.4-2.0]), and passive smoking (OR: 1.3 [95% CI: 1.1-1.6]) were associated with an increased probability of antibiotic consumption. Maternal age between 30-39 years or 40 years and over at the time of birth was associated with a decreased probability of antibiotic consumption (OR: 0.8 [95% CI, 0.7-1.0] and OR: 0.6 [95% CI: 0.5-0.8], respectively).
Conclusions
Some of the factors associated with antibiotic consumption in infants are modifiable and should be considered in the development of public health measures aimed at reducing antibiotic consumption.
{"title":"Consumo de antibióticos en los primeros meses de vida: un estudio transversal","authors":"Nerea Mourino , Leonor Varela-Lema , María Isolina Santiago-Pérez , Joseph M. Braun , Julia Rey-Brandariz , Cristina Candal-Pedreira , Mónica Pérez-Ríos","doi":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2023.09.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anpedi.2023.09.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The factors and patterns associated with antibiotic consumption in infants are unclear. Our aim was to assess the cumulative incidence of antibiotic consumption from birth to 16 months and identify factors associated with antibiotic consumption among infants aged 4 to 16 months.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>We conducted a cross-sectional study in 2016 in a sample of 18,882 women from Galicia, Spain, who had given birth to a live child between September 1, 2015 and August 31, 2016. We calculated the cumulative incidence of antibiotic consumption based on maternal reports regarding the infant's consumption from birth to 14 months obtained through interviews; we did not estimate consumption at ages 15 and 16 months due to the small sample size. To assess which factors were associated with antibiotic consumption, we carried out a nested case-control study matching cases and controls for birth month on a 1:1 ratio.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The cumulative incidence of antibiotic consumption among infants aged 0 to 14 months increased from 7.5% to 66.0%. The case-control study included data for 1,852 cases and 1,852 controls. Daycare attendance (OR: 3.8 [95%<!--> <!-->CI: 3.2-4.6]), having older siblings (OR: 1.8 [95%<!--> <!-->CI: 1.6-2.1]), health care visits to private clinics (OR: 1.6 [95%<!--> <!-->CI: 1.4-2.0]), and passive smoking (OR: 1.3 [95%<!--> <!-->CI: 1.1-1.6]) were associated with an increased probability of antibiotic consumption. Maternal age between 30-39 years or 40 years and over at the time of birth was associated with a decreased probability of antibiotic consumption (OR: 0.8 [95%<!--> <!-->CI, 0.7-1.0] and OR: 0.6 [95%<!--> <!-->CI: 0.5-0.8], respectively).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Some of the factors associated with antibiotic consumption in infants are modifiable and should be considered in the development of public health measures aimed at reducing antibiotic consumption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7783,"journal":{"name":"Anales de pediatria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1695403323002709/pdfft?md5=c54d2dd851f6e8470e542ebdf06b6411&pid=1-s2.0-S1695403323002709-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139456784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}