If family planning is to progress Iran and Turkey will have to embark upon total societal modernization including changes in economic demographic and attitudinal characteristics. Backward ideology regarding women has created a low output of female nurses and physicians. Both countries are economically very underdeveloped with per capita income of $353 and $283 for Turkey and Iran respectively. Both countries lack adequate systems of national vital statistics registration to show fertility changes. An annual growth rate of 3.0% for Iran and 2.7% for Turkey has been indicated. Both countries are aware of the socioeconomic problems of rapid population growth. In 1964 the National Family Program was established in Turkey and in 1967 for Iran. In Iran the goal is to have 500000 acceptors of family planning by 1972; in Turkey family planning was to be available to 2 million women by 1972. The program is located within the Ministry of Health for both countries. Although fixed family planning clinics have been established in 67 provinces of Turkey mobile units are heavily relied upon. Iran has established 397 family planning clinics. The Family Planning Association of Iran was registered with the International Planned Parenthood Federation in 1969 1963 for Turkey. In Turkey family planning was based upon IUDs but the pill was used in Iran. Both Iran and Turkey have a postpartum program limited to the main hospital in their capitals (40000 patients for Iran 12000 for Turkey). In Iran 81% postpartum used pills 20% for Turkey. 75% selected the IUD in Turkey. Both countries have developed short courses in family planning.
{"title":"A comparison of family planning programs in Iran and Turkey.","authors":"N. Fendall","doi":"10.2307/4594372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4594372","url":null,"abstract":"If family planning is to progress Iran and Turkey will have to embark upon total societal modernization including changes in economic demographic and attitudinal characteristics. Backward ideology regarding women has created a low output of female nurses and physicians. Both countries are economically very underdeveloped with per capita income of $353 and $283 for Turkey and Iran respectively. Both countries lack adequate systems of national vital statistics registration to show fertility changes. An annual growth rate of 3.0% for Iran and 2.7% for Turkey has been indicated. Both countries are aware of the socioeconomic problems of rapid population growth. In 1964 the National Family Program was established in Turkey and in 1967 for Iran. In Iran the goal is to have 500000 acceptors of family planning by 1972; in Turkey family planning was to be available to 2 million women by 1972. The program is located within the Ministry of Health for both countries. Although fixed family planning clinics have been established in 67 provinces of Turkey mobile units are heavily relied upon. Iran has established 397 family planning clinics. The Family Planning Association of Iran was registered with the International Planned Parenthood Federation in 1969 1963 for Turkey. In Turkey family planning was based upon IUDs but the pill was used in Iran. Both Iran and Turkey have a postpartum program limited to the main hospital in their capitals (40000 patients for Iran 12000 for Turkey). In Iran 81% postpartum used pills 20% for Turkey. 75% selected the IUD in Turkey. Both countries have developed short courses in family planning.","PeriodicalId":78306,"journal":{"name":"HSMHA health reports","volume":"9 1","pages":"1011-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4594372","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69132229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Premarital HAI screening for rubella antibodies.","authors":"J Zackler, H G Orbach, S H Rubenstein","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":78306,"journal":{"name":"HSMHA health reports","volume":"86 11","pages":"1004-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1937189/pdf/hsmhahr00011-0052.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16227061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diabetes mellitus among the Florida Seminoles.","authors":"D N Westfall, A L Rosenbloom","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":78306,"journal":{"name":"HSMHA health reports","volume":"86 11","pages":"1037-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1937190/pdf/hsmhahr00011-0085.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16227066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IN response to the increased public awareness of German measles and the introduction of an effective vaccine, the Chicago Board of Health in April 1970 implemented a program of continuing serologic surveillance of a premarital female population whose serum samples are submitted for the routine VDRL test for syphilis. The decision to initiate this program was determined after the statistically significant results of a survey of rubella antibody titers in women planning to be married, men, and children of both sexes were evaluated. The results of the profile study indi-
{"title":"Premarital HAI screening for rubella antibodies.","authors":"J. Zackler, H. Orbach, S. Rubenstein","doi":"10.2307/4594370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4594370","url":null,"abstract":"IN response to the increased public awareness of German measles and the introduction of an effective vaccine, the Chicago Board of Health in April 1970 implemented a program of continuing serologic surveillance of a premarital female population whose serum samples are submitted for the routine VDRL test for syphilis. The decision to initiate this program was determined after the statistically significant results of a survey of rubella antibody titers in women planning to be married, men, and children of both sexes were evaluated. The results of the profile study indi-","PeriodicalId":78306,"journal":{"name":"HSMHA health reports","volume":"86 11 1","pages":"1004-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4594370","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69132081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A multidisciplinary social casework center with a staff psychiatrist.","authors":"J. Ebie","doi":"10.2307/4594312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4594312","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":78306,"journal":{"name":"HSMHA health reports","volume":"86 10 1","pages":"863-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4594312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69131457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
THE importance of assessing patients' needs has been receiving increasing attention in recent years within the spectrum of health services. On January 12 and 13, 1965, an ad hoc conference on patient evaluation was held in Warrenton, Va., sponsored by the Public Health Service's Division of Chronic Diseases. The 25 experts participating in the discussion (representing universities, care service programs, State and local health departments, and the Federal Govern-
{"title":"Patient assessment, an essential tool in placement and planning of care.","authors":"C. Ryder, W. F. Elkin, D. Doten","doi":"10.2307/4594335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4594335","url":null,"abstract":"THE importance of assessing patients' needs has been receiving increasing attention in recent years within the spectrum of health services. On January 12 and 13, 1965, an ad hoc conference on patient evaluation was held in Warrenton, Va., sponsored by the Public Health Service's Division of Chronic Diseases. The 25 experts participating in the discussion (representing universities, care service programs, State and local health departments, and the Federal Govern-","PeriodicalId":78306,"journal":{"name":"HSMHA health reports","volume":"90 1","pages":"923-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4594335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69132054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RISK characteristics often vary appreciably from one clinic population to another so that comparison of the effectiveness of a health program among these populations is difficult. Failure to take such differences into consideration can lead to serious errors in the interpretation of patients' performance. Although a health program would be expected to affect the measures of outcome which reflect patients' performance, there are usually other factors asscc1ated with populations of patients which also alter outcome. We shall refer to these concomitant sources of outcome variability as risk factors. A statistical treatment of outcome data which will account for the risk factors is highly desirable. Several techniques may be used to adjust for the risk factors. A sophisticated statistical procedure, such as analysis of covariance, is sometimes used for this purpose. By analysis of covariance, one can isolate and measure the effect of each possible source of outcome variability which is identified. Although this method is a powerful means of controlling for the concomitant variables, it has the disadvantage of being computationally complex (usually requiring a computer) and is dependent on the specification of an appropriate mathematical model. A rigorous discussion of analysis of covariance is given by Cochran (I) . Alternatively, an intuitive method is often applied, in which the groups to be compared are stratified according to the concomitant variables and comparisons are made only within similar strata. Although this approach is straightforward computationally, interpretation of the results is complicated because a separate set of comparisons The authors are in the department of preventive medicine and rehabilitation, University of Maryland School of Med:cine. Dr. Hebel is an associate professor of biostatistics, Dr. Tayback is a pro fessor of biostatihlics, and Dr. Entwisle is chairman of the department. The work described was supported by Public Health Service Grant No. Ph700. Tearsheet requests to Dr. Richard Hebel, Department of Preventive Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. 21201.
{"title":"A risk-adjustment technique for comparing prematurity rates among clinic populations.","authors":"R. Hebel, G. Entwisle, M. Tayback","doi":"10.2307/4594338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4594338","url":null,"abstract":"RISK characteristics often vary appreciably from one clinic population to another so that comparison of the effectiveness of a health program among these populations is difficult. Failure to take such differences into consideration can lead to serious errors in the interpretation of patients' performance. Although a health program would be expected to affect the measures of outcome which reflect patients' performance, there are usually other factors asscc1ated with populations of patients which also alter outcome. We shall refer to these concomitant sources of outcome variability as risk factors. A statistical treatment of outcome data which will account for the risk factors is highly desirable. Several techniques may be used to adjust for the risk factors. A sophisticated statistical procedure, such as analysis of covariance, is sometimes used for this purpose. By analysis of covariance, one can isolate and measure the effect of each possible source of outcome variability which is identified. Although this method is a powerful means of controlling for the concomitant variables, it has the disadvantage of being computationally complex (usually requiring a computer) and is dependent on the specification of an appropriate mathematical model. A rigorous discussion of analysis of covariance is given by Cochran (I) . Alternatively, an intuitive method is often applied, in which the groups to be compared are stratified according to the concomitant variables and comparisons are made only within similar strata. Although this approach is straightforward computationally, interpretation of the results is complicated because a separate set of comparisons The authors are in the department of preventive medicine and rehabilitation, University of Maryland School of Med:cine. Dr. Hebel is an associate professor of biostatistics, Dr. Tayback is a pro fessor of biostatihlics, and Dr. Entwisle is chairman of the department. The work described was supported by Public Health Service Grant No. Ph700. Tearsheet requests to Dr. Richard Hebel, Department of Preventive Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. 21201.","PeriodicalId":78306,"journal":{"name":"HSMHA health reports","volume":"86 10 1","pages":"946-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4594338","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69132202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluative study of two versions of a seminar on mind-affecting drugs.","authors":"N Parlette, G Hutton, M Rosen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":78306,"journal":{"name":"HSMHA health reports","volume":"86 10","pages":"933-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1937227/pdf/hsmhahr00010-0081.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15218743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Health helpers in Erie County, N.Y.","authors":"E B Montgomery","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":78306,"journal":{"name":"HSMHA health reports","volume":"86 10","pages":"879-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1937223/pdf/hsmhahr00010-0027.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16221914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The dentist's role and patients' expectations.","authors":"R M O'Shea, A E Fusillo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":78306,"journal":{"name":"HSMHA health reports","volume":"86 10","pages":"915-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1937226/pdf/hsmhahr00010-0063.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16221917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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