Mini Review Article, E. Olose, Emmanuel Omamurhomu Olose1, Egbeh Owoidoho Udofia1, Samuel Otu2
Background: For most expectant mothers and their partners, pregnancy is a time of joy and expectations even more so in African cultures. Sadly, even though a significant number of women face emotional challenges during pregnancy, there was little interest in studying emotional health of pregnant women as it was thought that pregnancy was protective. Several factors may have contributed to this notion. It was widely held that hormonal changes like sudden withdrawal of ‘protective pregnancy hormones’ were responsible for the high ‘incidence’ of emotional disorders in the early post-partum period. Objectives: In this article, we intend to review journal articles on anxiety and depressive disorders in pregnancy with specific references to epidemiology of anxiety and depressive disorders, pregnancy and emotional health, neurobiology of anxiety and depressive disorders in pregnancy, psychosocial origins of anxiety and depressive disorders in pregnancy, overview of perinatal mental health disorders, anxiety and depression in pregnancy, and finally risk factors for anxiety and depression in pregnancy. Method: PubMed, google, Crossref, Medline were searched using several combinations of the following search terms: pregnancy, anxiety and depressive disorders, etiology, neurobiology, and epidemiology. Study Selection: All relevant papers published in English and reporting original data related anxiety and depressive disorders in pregnancy were included. Data Extraction: Studies were examined for data related to the prevalence, presentation, predictors/risk factors, new onset, course, and treatment of anxiety disorders during pregnancy. Data Synthesis: Anxiety and depressive disorders are common during pregnancy with varying reported rates of prevalence, incidence, and severity. Conclusions: New cases of anxiety and depressive disorders do occur in pregnancy. Burden of distressing symptoms may be higher in early pregnancy. More community studies are needed to generate findings that are more representative of all pregnant women. Women should be encouraged to book for antenatal care in early pregnancy and screening measures should be instituted to detect those with clinically significant symptoms so they can be helped.
{"title":"Review Article: Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Pregnancy","authors":"Mini Review Article, E. Olose, Emmanuel Omamurhomu Olose1, Egbeh Owoidoho Udofia1, Samuel Otu2","doi":"10.33140/ijp.08.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.08.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: For most expectant mothers and their partners, pregnancy is a time of joy and expectations even more so in African cultures. Sadly, even though a significant number of women face emotional challenges during pregnancy, there was little interest in studying emotional health of pregnant women as it was thought that pregnancy was protective. Several factors may have contributed to this notion. It was widely held that hormonal changes like sudden withdrawal of ‘protective pregnancy hormones’ were responsible for the high ‘incidence’ of emotional disorders in the early post-partum period. Objectives: In this article, we intend to review journal articles on anxiety and depressive disorders in pregnancy with specific references to epidemiology of anxiety and depressive disorders, pregnancy and emotional health, neurobiology of anxiety and depressive disorders in pregnancy, psychosocial origins of anxiety and depressive disorders in pregnancy, overview of perinatal mental health disorders, anxiety and depression in pregnancy, and finally risk factors for anxiety and depression in pregnancy. Method: PubMed, google, Crossref, Medline were searched using several combinations of the following search terms: pregnancy, anxiety and depressive disorders, etiology, neurobiology, and epidemiology. Study Selection: All relevant papers published in English and reporting original data related anxiety and depressive disorders in pregnancy were included. Data Extraction: Studies were examined for data related to the prevalence, presentation, predictors/risk factors, new onset, course, and treatment of anxiety disorders during pregnancy. Data Synthesis: Anxiety and depressive disorders are common during pregnancy with varying reported rates of prevalence, incidence, and severity. Conclusions: New cases of anxiety and depressive disorders do occur in pregnancy. Burden of distressing symptoms may be higher in early pregnancy. More community studies are needed to generate findings that are more representative of all pregnant women. Women should be encouraged to book for antenatal care in early pregnancy and screening measures should be instituted to detect those with clinically significant symptoms so they can be helped.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139360693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the identification of the childhood disorder Autism by Dr Leo Kanner in 1943 and Dr Hans Asperger in 1944, our understanding of this condition has evolved. At first it was described as an attachment disorder, then it was described as a psycho-social-educational disorder, which is largely where our thinking on the topic has remained. This thinking determines the interventions applied. There is little expectation by physicians, parents or educators of significant emergence from ASD. It is common for parents to report that they receive no real advice as to what to do after the diagnosis other than placement of the child in a special school and to start Speech Therapy. The increasing incidence of ASD (1 in 44 births: CDC) means the mounting pressure on service providers is unmanageable. However there have been changes in thinking that brought some promise of brighter outcomes. For example since the 1990’s there has been increasing appreciation of the role of the biome, with reports of positive outcomes following metabolic interventions. Approaches have arisen that offer positive outcomes and have brought a greater understanding of the nature of ASD. This presentation proposes a change to the way the diagnostic protocol is executed in keeping with a more pervasive view of ASD. A new approach is needed in line with research and new developments, so that at the time of diagnosis parents get pointers for actions to follow that can greatly benefit the child, since all agree that early intervention brings better outcomes.
{"title":"Improving Intervention Strategies for Autism Spectrum Disorders by Altering the Design of the Diagnostic Procedure","authors":"Short Communication, R. E. Seymour","doi":"10.33140/ijp.08.04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.08.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"Since the identification of the childhood disorder Autism by Dr Leo Kanner in 1943 and Dr Hans Asperger in 1944, our understanding of this condition has evolved. At first it was described as an attachment disorder, then it was described as a psycho-social-educational disorder, which is largely where our thinking on the topic has remained. This thinking determines the interventions applied. There is little expectation by physicians, parents or educators of significant emergence from ASD. It is common for parents to report that they receive no real advice as to what to do after the diagnosis other than placement of the child in a special school and to start Speech Therapy. The increasing incidence of ASD (1 in 44 births: CDC) means the mounting pressure on service providers is unmanageable. However there have been changes in thinking that brought some promise of brighter outcomes. For example since the 1990’s there has been increasing appreciation of the role of the biome, with reports of positive outcomes following metabolic interventions. Approaches have arisen that offer positive outcomes and have brought a greater understanding of the nature of ASD. This presentation proposes a change to the way the diagnostic protocol is executed in keeping with a more pervasive view of ASD. A new approach is needed in line with research and new developments, so that at the time of diagnosis parents get pointers for actions to follow that can greatly benefit the child, since all agree that early intervention brings better outcomes.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Childbirth in nearby health facilities is an important strategy to reduce complications for mothers and newborns, including death. Bypassing nearby birthing health facilities is common in developing countries. However, there is a lack of data in the study area on the extent and reasons for bypassing. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing these gaps. Methods: A facility-based mixed study was conducted at the Dire Dawa administration, Ethiopia, from December 1–30, 2022. Simple random (quantitative) and purposive (qualitative) sampling techniques were used. Data were collected through interviews using structured (quantitative) and semi-structured (qualitative) questionnaires. Quantitative data were entered and cleaned by Epi DATA (Version 3.1) and analyzed using SPSS (Version 22). A P-value of 0.05 or less at multivariate with 95% confidence intervals was considered statistically significant. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed. Results: 635 participants (quantitative) and twelve for the qualitative analysis were included. The overall bypass was 30.9%. Higher age group (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.43–3.82), rural residence (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.11-3.22), no formal education (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.23–4.16), obstetric care needs during antenatal care (AOR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.33–4.22), and health professionals’ behavior (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.99–4.78) were associated with a higher likelihood of bypassing. Conclusion: Bypassing childbirth health facilities was moderate. Perception, health professionals, and facility-related factors were the main identified themes in the qualitative results. Stakeholders recommended improving obstetrics services and researchers conducting additional research.
{"title":"Status, Associated Factors, and Reasons for Bypassing the Childbirth Center among Postpartum Women in the Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia: a Mixed Study","authors":"Researc H Article, Aminu Mohammed, Aminu Mohammed1, Hassen Mosa3, Mickiale Hailu1, Tewodros Getnet2, Yibekal Manaye2","doi":"10.33140/ijp.08.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.08.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Childbirth in nearby health facilities is an important strategy to reduce complications for mothers and newborns, including death. Bypassing nearby birthing health facilities is common in developing countries. However, there is a lack of data in the study area on the extent and reasons for bypassing. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing these gaps. Methods: A facility-based mixed study was conducted at the Dire Dawa administration, Ethiopia, from December 1–30, 2022. Simple random (quantitative) and purposive (qualitative) sampling techniques were used. Data were collected through interviews using structured (quantitative) and semi-structured (qualitative) questionnaires. Quantitative data were entered and cleaned by Epi DATA (Version 3.1) and analyzed using SPSS (Version 22). A P-value of 0.05 or less at multivariate with 95% confidence intervals was considered statistically significant. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed. Results: 635 participants (quantitative) and twelve for the qualitative analysis were included. The overall bypass was 30.9%. Higher age group (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.43–3.82), rural residence (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.11-3.22), no formal education (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.23–4.16), obstetric care needs during antenatal care (AOR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.33–4.22), and health professionals’ behavior (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.99–4.78) were associated with a higher likelihood of bypassing. Conclusion: Bypassing childbirth health facilities was moderate. Perception, health professionals, and facility-related factors were the main identified themes in the qualitative results. Stakeholders recommended improving obstetrics services and researchers conducting additional research.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46570569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Researc H Article, C. A. Iwu, Chinedu Anthony, Chinyere Aguocha1, Ositadinma Pius3, Victor Chibiko2, Kenechi Uwakwe1
Background: COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented global public health event, is a potential precipitating factor of psychological distress especially among Health Care Workers (HCWs) in developing countries already operating under challenging socioeconomic conditions. The study aims to assess the prevalence, sociodemographic patterns and predictors of stress, anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 Pandemic among HCWs in a socio-economically challenged environment. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical design used convenience and snowballing techniques to enrol 386 HCWs from public health institutions in Imo State, Nigeria from 2nd to 27th October 2021. A structured online questionnaire was used and the Kruskal Wallis H test and Logistic Regression were performed at a significance level, p≤ 0.05. Results: Prevalence and sample median levels of stress, anxiety and depression among the HCWs were 76.7% (18.0), 32.6% (43.8) and 33.4% (45.6) respectively. The median stress levels in the following subcategories were above the stress cut-off point (13.9) and were the highest amongst their respective subcategories. Those aged 20-29 years, female, single and also, those on the job for less than 1 year, who usually take public transport and are without training in infection, prevention and control (IPC). Similarly, the median anxiety levels in females and those without IPC training were above the anxiety cut-off point (49.9) and were highest amongst their respective subcategories and also, the median depression levels in females and single HCWs were above the depression cut-off point (52.9) and were highest amongst their respective subcategories. However, singles compared to married HCWs were significantly more likely to experience anxiety (OR: 1.84; p=0.049). and also, females compared to male HCWs were significantly more likely to experience either anxiety (OR: 1.76; p=0.013) or depression (OR: 1.88; p=0.006). Conclusion: The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression appear to be high among HCWs, particularly in those that are young, female and single. Therefore, it is essential that even though, mental health and psychosocial support services should be accessible to all HCWs, priority services should be made available, accessible, and timely to those that are young, female and single.
{"title":"Covid-19 Pandemic and Its Psychological Effects On Health Care Workers In A SocioEconomically Challenged Environment; A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study","authors":"Researc H Article, C. A. Iwu, Chinedu Anthony, Chinyere Aguocha1, Ositadinma Pius3, Victor Chibiko2, Kenechi Uwakwe1","doi":"10.33140/ijp.08.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.08.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented global public health event, is a potential precipitating factor of psychological distress especially among Health Care Workers (HCWs) in developing countries already operating under challenging socioeconomic conditions. The study aims to assess the prevalence, sociodemographic patterns and predictors of stress, anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 Pandemic among HCWs in a socio-economically challenged environment. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical design used convenience and snowballing techniques to enrol 386 HCWs from public health institutions in Imo State, Nigeria from 2nd to 27th October 2021. A structured online questionnaire was used and the Kruskal Wallis H test and Logistic Regression were performed at a significance level, p≤ 0.05. Results: Prevalence and sample median levels of stress, anxiety and depression among the HCWs were 76.7% (18.0), 32.6% (43.8) and 33.4% (45.6) respectively. The median stress levels in the following subcategories were above the stress cut-off point (13.9) and were the highest amongst their respective subcategories. Those aged 20-29 years, female, single and also, those on the job for less than 1 year, who usually take public transport and are without training in infection, prevention and control (IPC). Similarly, the median anxiety levels in females and those without IPC training were above the anxiety cut-off point (49.9) and were highest amongst their respective subcategories and also, the median depression levels in females and single HCWs were above the depression cut-off point (52.9) and were highest amongst their respective subcategories. However, singles compared to married HCWs were significantly more likely to experience anxiety (OR: 1.84; p=0.049). and also, females compared to male HCWs were significantly more likely to experience either anxiety (OR: 1.76; p=0.013) or depression (OR: 1.88; p=0.006). Conclusion: The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression appear to be high among HCWs, particularly in those that are young, female and single. Therefore, it is essential that even though, mental health and psychosocial support services should be accessible to all HCWs, priority services should be made available, accessible, and timely to those that are young, female and single.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42789998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Suicide is a major threat for human mortality [1-2]. However, its biological causality is still a mystery process for current knowledge and therapeutics [3-6]. Thus, it is difficult to predict and prevent in real clinical circumstances.
{"title":"Is Tau Molecule Regarded as a Risk Factor for Human Suicide?","authors":"Da-Yong Lu","doi":"10.33140/ijp.08.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.08.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background Suicide is a major threat for human mortality [1-2]. However, its biological causality is still a mystery process for current knowledge and therapeutics [3-6]. Thus, it is difficult to predict and prevent in real clinical circumstances.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43231041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Self Empowerment Therapy in the treatment of acute grief following the death of a loved one. Design Study is a single case study and questionnaire administration design. Method A 26 year old patient diagnosed with acute grief following the death of her partner of 10 years was seen for therapy for 1.50 hours per week for 18 months. Intervention consisted of Self Empowerment Therapy within the framework of the universal psychotherapy modality, using rapport as a barometer to test the effectiveness of interpretations. Results Following the death of a loved one, utilizing a structured approach in establishing and maintaining a satisfactory level of functioning in the life domains of health, family, relationships, profession, education, finances and self, yielded significant outcomes in the treatment of acute grief. This study demonstrates that following the death of a loved one, to establish and maintain an integrated self, a person needs to reduce the discrepancies between actual, ought and ideal selves, whilst at the same time reducing their undesirable behaviors and tendencies. Conclusions Confronting the death of a loved one is one of the most traumatic experiences in life and brings us face to face with our own mortality. Maintaining an integrated self is challenging as the death of a loved one forces the person left behind to redefine their sense of self. An integrated self is achieved by reducing discrepancies between actual - ought self and actual - ideal self, whilst at simultaneously reducing congruency between actual - undesirable self life domains. Self Empowerment Therapy provides a structured approach in managing acute grief following the death of a loved one. This study provides high efficacy for Self Empowerment Therapy in treating acute grief but requires further investigation
{"title":"Blame Gabriel: Acute Grief Following Death Of a Loved One a Study 0f Self Empowerment Therapy","authors":"David Kaye","doi":"10.33140/ijp.08.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.08.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Self Empowerment Therapy in the treatment of acute grief following the death of a loved one. Design Study is a single case study and questionnaire administration design. Method A 26 year old patient diagnosed with acute grief following the death of her partner of 10 years was seen for therapy for 1.50 hours per week for 18 months. Intervention consisted of Self Empowerment Therapy within the framework of the universal psychotherapy modality, using rapport as a barometer to test the effectiveness of interpretations. Results Following the death of a loved one, utilizing a structured approach in establishing and maintaining a satisfactory level of functioning in the life domains of health, family, relationships, profession, education, finances and self, yielded significant outcomes in the treatment of acute grief. This study demonstrates that following the death of a loved one, to establish and maintain an integrated self, a person needs to reduce the discrepancies between actual, ought and ideal selves, whilst at the same time reducing their undesirable behaviors and tendencies. Conclusions Confronting the death of a loved one is one of the most traumatic experiences in life and brings us face to face with our own mortality. Maintaining an integrated self is challenging as the death of a loved one forces the person left behind to redefine their sense of self. An integrated self is achieved by reducing discrepancies between actual - ought self and actual - ideal self, whilst at simultaneously reducing congruency between actual - undesirable self life domains. Self Empowerment Therapy provides a structured approach in managing acute grief following the death of a loved one. This study provides high efficacy for Self Empowerment Therapy in treating acute grief but requires further investigation","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42459977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is a reply to GKJL2’s response to the Blanchflower and Graham – henceforth BG -response to Galambos et al original paper on this topic (GKJL1) [1, 2]. As such, this paper is a point-by-point response to GKJL2 (2021). This review aims to highlight errors in most of the points raised, as well as a very large difference in views on what is appropriate statistical analysis and inference. There is absolutely nothing here to challenge BG’s argument that the evidence for a U-shape is ‘overwhelming’.
{"title":"A Response To ‘Another Attempt To Move Beyond The Cross-Sectional U Shape Of Happiness: A Reply’ By Galambos, Krahn, Johnson And Lachman (2021)","authors":"David Rauner","doi":"10.33140/ijp.08.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.08.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"This is a reply to GKJL2’s response to the Blanchflower and Graham – henceforth BG -response to Galambos et al original paper on this topic (GKJL1) [1, 2]. As such, this paper is a point-by-point response to GKJL2 (2021). This review aims to highlight errors in most of the points raised, as well as a very large difference in views on what is appropriate statistical analysis and inference. There is absolutely nothing here to challenge BG’s argument that the evidence for a U-shape is ‘overwhelming’.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46678384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AuDHD therapist Alina Kislenko creates Pi Model, a fun and revolutionary method for ADHDers & Autistics to heal trauma without a therapist","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijp.08.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.08.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"AuDHD therapist Alina Kislenko creates Pi Model, a fun and revolutionary method for ADHDers & Autistics to heal trauma without a therapist","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47254895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Numerous studies globally confirmed that young prisoners are more susceptible to mental health problems compared to adult prisoners and the general population. The lack of life skills has been reported as one of the main reasons for this vulnerability. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a life skills education program on mental health and life skills among young prisoners in Cambodia. Method: This is an intervention study, applying a ‘difference-in-difference’ analysis. The life skills education program was implemented to promote essential skills for mental health and social competence among young prisoners. Mental health and life skills competence were evaluated using the Youth Self-Report and Life Skills Development – Adolescent Form scales, respectively. Four prisons were selected from a total of 24 prisons in Cambodia, a post-conflict country in Southeast Asia. A total of 412 young prisoners aged 15–24 years participated in the study and were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Results: Both the intervention and control groups reported decreased mental health problems (DiD=3.78, p=0.34) and improved life skills competencies (DiD=0.39, p=0.80) after the intervention; however, the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The life skills intervention program had no significant effect on young prisoners’ mental health and life skills competencies. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the impact of the life skills education program in the prison setting, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Cambodia.
{"title":"The Effect of A Life Skills Education Program on Mental Health and Social Competencies Among Young Prisoners In Cambodia: An Intervention Study","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijp.08.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.08.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Numerous studies globally confirmed that young prisoners are more susceptible to mental health problems compared to adult prisoners and the general population. The lack of life skills has been reported as one of the main reasons for this vulnerability. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a life skills education program on mental health and life skills among young prisoners in Cambodia. Method: This is an intervention study, applying a ‘difference-in-difference’ analysis. The life skills education program was implemented to promote essential skills for mental health and social competence among young prisoners. Mental health and life skills competence were evaluated using the Youth Self-Report and Life Skills Development – Adolescent Form scales, respectively. Four prisons were selected from a total of 24 prisons in Cambodia, a post-conflict country in Southeast Asia. A total of 412 young prisoners aged 15–24 years participated in the study and were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Results: Both the intervention and control groups reported decreased mental health problems (DiD=3.78, p=0.34) and improved life skills competencies (DiD=0.39, p=0.80) after the intervention; however, the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The life skills intervention program had no significant effect on young prisoners’ mental health and life skills competencies. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the impact of the life skills education program in the prison setting, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Cambodia.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136083111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease is one of the current challenges in the medical field of neurology. For this reason, there is a need to look for new models that, based on transdisciplinary conceptions, contribute to its early diagnosis to greatly improve the quality of life of those who suffer from it. This work intends to be a proposal to build a diagnosis on the following conceptual triad: co-autonomy, centralization and variety not required, which radically change the position of the clinical observer, on a general cybernetic basis and a systemic relational vision
{"title":"Variety and Variability in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. A Look from the Relational Cybernetics","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijp.08.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.08.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"The diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease is one of the current challenges in the medical field of neurology. For this reason, there is a need to look for new models that, based on transdisciplinary conceptions, contribute to its early diagnosis to greatly improve the quality of life of those who suffer from it. This work intends to be a proposal to build a diagnosis on the following conceptual triad: co-autonomy, centralization and variety not required, which radically change the position of the clinical observer, on a general cybernetic basis and a systemic relational vision","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44280795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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