Statement of the Problem Depression is considered a mood disorder characterized by persistent felling of loss of interest and sadness. In TCM, vital energy deficiency is the cause of depression caused by dysfunction of systems in the body such as deficiencies in the Blood, Qi, Yin and Yang energy, accumulation as Phlegm and Dampness. The principle of the treatment is to strengthening the vital energy, stimulating the Blood circulation; take out the Heat that is causing inflammation and removing Phlegm and Dampness. Purpose To address that depression has an energy deficiency as the cause, diagnosed and confirmed by the chakras’ energy centers measurement and could worse even more when antidepressant medications are used, in this case in the treatment of depression like symptoms patients. Methods Through two cases reports, the first was 22 years old men with diagnosis of depression since 2019, and was using antidepressant medications without any improvement. The second was an 80-years-old woman, suffering from late-life depression since her 60’s, and using antidepressant medication since then. Both patients were not able to be functional (inability to leave the house, unable to cook for herself, extreme fatigue and with low self-stem). The patient complained that her symptoms were not improving, even with the increase of the dosage of the antidepressant drugs. Chinese dietary counselling, acupuncture and moxibustion were started in both patients. They also performed measurement of the chakras’ energy centers, considering a scale of 1 to 8, 1 being the minimum and 8 the normal level, six of her seven chakras were measured in 1. To replenish the energy of the chakras’ energy centers, she also used crystal-based medication and homeopathy based on the Constitutional Homeopathy of the Five Elements based on Traditional Chinese Medicine. She was oriented to gradually withdrawn the antidepressant medication, always associating the acupuncture sessions to reduce withdrawn symptoms. Results Both patients started to feel more energized, happier, and recovered the capacity of performing her daily activities very quickly since the first acupuncture session. The skin wrinkles of the second case report were appearing less too. Conclusion The depression has an energy deficiency as the root. It is important to treat these deficiencies to improve the patients’ symptoms and their quality of life. The use of antidepressant medication in this case can worse the vital energy, according to Arndt Schultz Law, maintaining or worsening the energy deficiencies that was causing the depression symptoms.
{"title":"Why Patients With Depression Do Not Improve their Symptoms When Using AntiDepressant Medications?","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijp.06.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.06.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Statement of the Problem Depression is considered a mood disorder characterized by persistent felling of loss of interest and sadness. In TCM, vital energy deficiency is the cause of depression caused by dysfunction of systems in the body such as deficiencies in the Blood, Qi, Yin and Yang energy, accumulation as Phlegm and Dampness. The principle of the treatment is to strengthening the vital energy, stimulating the Blood circulation; take out the Heat that is causing inflammation and removing Phlegm and Dampness. Purpose To address that depression has an energy deficiency as the cause, diagnosed and confirmed by the chakras’ energy centers measurement and could worse even more when antidepressant medications are used, in this case in the treatment of depression like symptoms patients. Methods Through two cases reports, the first was 22 years old men with diagnosis of depression since 2019, and was using antidepressant medications without any improvement. The second was an 80-years-old woman, suffering from late-life depression since her 60’s, and using antidepressant medication since then. Both patients were not able to be functional (inability to leave the house, unable to cook for herself, extreme fatigue and with low self-stem). The patient complained that her symptoms were not improving, even with the increase of the dosage of the antidepressant drugs. Chinese dietary counselling, acupuncture and moxibustion were started in both patients. They also performed measurement of the chakras’ energy centers, considering a scale of 1 to 8, 1 being the minimum and 8 the normal level, six of her seven chakras were measured in 1. To replenish the energy of the chakras’ energy centers, she also used crystal-based medication and homeopathy based on the Constitutional Homeopathy of the Five Elements based on Traditional Chinese Medicine. She was oriented to gradually withdrawn the antidepressant medication, always associating the acupuncture sessions to reduce withdrawn symptoms. Results Both patients started to feel more energized, happier, and recovered the capacity of performing her daily activities very quickly since the first acupuncture session. The skin wrinkles of the second case report were appearing less too. Conclusion The depression has an energy deficiency as the root. It is important to treat these deficiencies to improve the patients’ symptoms and their quality of life. The use of antidepressant medication in this case can worse the vital energy, according to Arndt Schultz Law, maintaining or worsening the energy deficiencies that was causing the depression symptoms.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49147216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This compilation article; It was created by conducting literature research to investigate the effect of pilates exercises on depression, anxiety and life satisfaction. In this context, pilates exercises are also discussed as a type of exercise through the concepts of psychological health and therefore depression, anxiety and life satisfaction. It was concluded that it may have a therapeutic effect as well.
{"title":"Effect Of Pilates Exercises on Psychological Health","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijp.06.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.06.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"This compilation article; It was created by conducting literature research to investigate the effect of pilates exercises on depression, anxiety and life satisfaction. In this context, pilates exercises are also discussed as a type of exercise through the concepts of psychological health and therefore depression, anxiety and life satisfaction. It was concluded that it may have a therapeutic effect as well.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49081291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-25DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-806258/v1
F.F.D.A. Ravaglia, A. C. Junior
Introduction: Nowadays, a new era of orthopedic surgery is taking place. Procedures like video surgery, ultrasound-guided interventions, invasive pain interventions, orthopedic procedures, hydro dissection, dry needling, thermography-assisted pain management, and modern acupuncture started to be widely performed1,2. Background: In 2011 and 2012, Ravaglia & Cliquet presented papers on an Arthroscopic Needle-Knife Surgical Prototype Device (ANKSD)2 in Prague, TWC 20112, and in Dubai, OWC 20123. It was a paper presenting a prototype of a needle-knife for orthopedic procedures based on an 18G11/2 needle. Ravaglia and Cliquet wrote the paper “Comparison of two different needles used as knife on knee arthroscopic portal scalpel procedures”4, which was presented at the XXVI SICOT Triennial World Congress, in Guangzhou, China, in 2015. This research compares arthroscopic portal incisions using an 18G11/2 needle or a metal guide intravenous catheter 14Gx2. They concluded that there were no differences in complications such as infections, wound healing, hematoma, and skin healing time. After this, these researchers started a virtual development of a new needle-knife surgical device. Objective: The aim of the project is a virtual development of a needle-knife surgical device to be useful for minimally invasive ultrasound-assisted orthopedic surgical procedures, videos arthroscopic portals augmentation, and other surgical procedures. Method: Three different needle devices were compared. One is a base model 1 and the other two are experimental models (2 and 3). They are based on a metal guide for intravenous catheter 14Gx2''. The base one model 1 is the metal guide for intravenous catheter 14Gx2''; the experimental model 2 is a flat beveled edge, and experimental model 3 is a board bevel edge6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16. They are all graduated, parylene-coated, with a stop handle needle guard. The devices are multifunctional: Infusion, aspiration, and surgical sever.The devices were developed by 3D Design 3D STEP Standard Format, Catia V5 Format, and 2D Format Design and 3D Model. They were performed through simulation (Software Simulia Abaqus). They were biomechanically simulated with Virtual Biomechanical Strength Simulation17,18,19,20. The Strengths were assessed by Needle Strength Analysis (CAE Simulation)21.Results: For the displacement result, stiffness assessment, we have 7.48 mm for the baseline needle, 8.08mm for model 2, an increase of 8%, and for model 3 we have 7.75 mm, an increase of 3.6%. Conclusion: These devices seem suitable for echo-assisted orthopedic surgery interventions and other procedures according to virtual analysis. Further in vivo procedures shall be performed.
{"title":"Developing a Needle-Knife Surgical Device","authors":"F.F.D.A. Ravaglia, A. C. Junior","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-806258/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-806258/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction: Nowadays, a new era of orthopedic surgery is taking place. Procedures like video surgery, ultrasound-guided interventions, invasive pain interventions, orthopedic procedures, hydro dissection, dry needling, thermography-assisted pain management, and modern acupuncture started to be widely performed1,2. Background: In 2011 and 2012, Ravaglia & Cliquet presented papers on an Arthroscopic Needle-Knife Surgical Prototype Device (ANKSD)2 in Prague, TWC 20112, and in Dubai, OWC 20123. It was a paper presenting a prototype of a needle-knife for orthopedic procedures based on an 18G11/2 needle. Ravaglia and Cliquet wrote the paper “Comparison of two different needles used as knife on knee arthroscopic portal scalpel procedures”4, which was presented at the XXVI SICOT Triennial World Congress, in Guangzhou, China, in 2015. This research compares arthroscopic portal incisions using an 18G11/2 needle or a metal guide intravenous catheter 14Gx2. They concluded that there were no differences in complications such as infections, wound healing, hematoma, and skin healing time. After this, these researchers started a virtual development of a new needle-knife surgical device. Objective: The aim of the project is a virtual development of a needle-knife surgical device to be useful for minimally invasive ultrasound-assisted orthopedic surgical procedures, videos arthroscopic portals augmentation, and other surgical procedures. Method: Three different needle devices were compared. One is a base model 1 and the other two are experimental models (2 and 3). They are based on a metal guide for intravenous catheter 14Gx2''. The base one model 1 is the metal guide for intravenous catheter 14Gx2''; the experimental model 2 is a flat beveled edge, and experimental model 3 is a board bevel edge6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16. They are all graduated, parylene-coated, with a stop handle needle guard. The devices are multifunctional: Infusion, aspiration, and surgical sever.The devices were developed by 3D Design 3D STEP Standard Format, Catia V5 Format, and 2D Format Design and 3D Model. They were performed through simulation (Software Simulia Abaqus). They were biomechanically simulated with Virtual Biomechanical Strength Simulation17,18,19,20. The Strengths were assessed by Needle Strength Analysis (CAE Simulation)21.Results: For the displacement result, stiffness assessment, we have 7.48 mm for the baseline needle, 8.08mm for model 2, an increase of 8%, and for model 3 we have 7.75 mm, an increase of 3.6%. Conclusion: These devices seem suitable for echo-assisted orthopedic surgery interventions and other procedures according to virtual analysis. Further in vivo procedures shall be performed.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44284998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread exponentially across the globe, the severity of its impact on the mental health of healthcare providers (HCPs) begins to unfold. In this review, we investigate the prevalence of psychological distress and factors leading to mental health morbidity among frontline and healthcare providers, and we explore measures taken to provide psychological support to HCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic and to mitigate a response for future outbreaks.
{"title":"Prevalence and Mitigation of Psychological Distress Among Healthcare Workers During Covid-19 Pandemic- A Literature Review","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijp.06.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.06.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread exponentially across the globe, the severity of its impact on the mental health of healthcare providers (HCPs) begins to unfold. In this review, we investigate the prevalence of psychological distress and factors leading to mental health morbidity among frontline and healthcare providers, and we explore measures taken to provide psychological support to HCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic and to mitigate a response for future outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41495795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pathogenesis of neuronal and mental disorders are analyzed according to the literature and compared with other neuronal damage during hypoxia/ischemia, inflammatory processes, and immune/autoimmune diseases. The free radical component of the development of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is analyzed, which is activated at all stages of the disease, starting with the first manifestations of inflammatory reactions, during the development of a «cytokine storm», hypoxia/ischemia, as well as activation of immune/autoimmune reactions and processes. These free radical components are realized against the background of disruption of the cycles of nitric oxide and superoxide anion radical, and, leads to the formation of extremely high concentrations of very active radicals of nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), OH-radicals, peroxynitrites. As a result of these processes, nonspecific reactions are activated that are characteristic of the development of any typical pathological process, which is a common component of almost all known pathological processes. It is suggested that the similarity of structural and ultrastructural changes in neurons and glial cells of the brain during hypoxia/ischemia, glutamate neurotoxicity, traumatic brain injury have similarities with those changes that are characteristic of all stages of COVID-19 development and are due to the activation of oxidative and nitrosative stress and increased formation of highly reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) capable of damaging almost all molecular, biochemical and chemical components of cells.
{"title":"Pathogenesis of Neurological and Mental Disorders in Patients with Covid-19: Possible Role of Reactive Nitrogen and Oxygen Species","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijp.06.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.06.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"The pathogenesis of neuronal and mental disorders are analyzed according to the literature and compared with other neuronal damage during hypoxia/ischemia, inflammatory processes, and immune/autoimmune diseases. The free radical component of the development of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is analyzed, which is activated at all stages of the disease, starting with the first manifestations of inflammatory reactions, during the development of a «cytokine storm», hypoxia/ischemia, as well as activation of immune/autoimmune reactions and processes. These free radical components are realized against the background of disruption of the cycles of nitric oxide and superoxide anion radical, and, leads to the formation of extremely high concentrations of very active radicals of nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), OH-radicals, peroxynitrites. As a result of these processes, nonspecific reactions are activated that are characteristic of the development of any typical pathological process, which is a common component of almost all known pathological processes. It is suggested that the similarity of structural and ultrastructural changes in neurons and glial cells of the brain during hypoxia/ischemia, glutamate neurotoxicity, traumatic brain injury have similarities with those changes that are characteristic of all stages of COVID-19 development and are due to the activation of oxidative and nitrosative stress and increased formation of highly reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) capable of damaging almost all molecular, biochemical and chemical components of cells.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47380369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objective: Cannabis remains the most widely used illicit drug worldwide. The similarity in the chemical structure of tetrahydrocannabinol to the brain chemical anandamide allows the body to recognize it and alter normal brain functioning. The objective of this review article is to summarize the evidence for the association between cannabis and schizophrenia. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database and other sources. The keywords used were “cannabis” and “psychosis” and “schizophrenia.” Fifty-two articles relevant to our topic have been selected for this review. Results: Evidence from observational epidemiological studies has shown a positive association between regular cannabis use and schizophrenia risk. Meta-analyses and Mendelian randomization studies support the evidence from observational study designs. Discussion and Conclusions: The association between cannabis and schizophrenia is biologically plausible. Moreover, there has been emerging evidence of genes interacting with cannabis use to confer a higher risk for schizophrenia. There are enough reason and sufficient epidemiological evidence to warn people about the risk of developing schizophrenia with cannabis use. Scientific Significance: The increasing legalization of cannabis for recreational use is of significant concern. Long-term cannabis use might predispose people to increased risk of developing schizophrenia. Health professionals have a major role to play by taking maximum advantage of social and psychological interventions to educate people about the potential danger associated with cannabis and avoid its use.
{"title":"Cannabis Use and Risk of Schizophrenia: A Literature Review","authors":"Shivendra Shekhar, Daniel M. Chen","doi":"10.33140/ijp.06.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.06.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Cannabis remains the most widely used illicit drug worldwide. The similarity in the chemical structure of tetrahydrocannabinol to the brain chemical anandamide allows the body to recognize it and alter normal brain functioning. The objective of this review article is to summarize the evidence for the association between cannabis and schizophrenia. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database and other sources. The keywords used were “cannabis” and “psychosis” and “schizophrenia.” Fifty-two articles relevant to our topic have been selected for this review. Results: Evidence from observational epidemiological studies has shown a positive association between regular cannabis use and schizophrenia risk. Meta-analyses and Mendelian randomization studies support the evidence from observational study designs. Discussion and Conclusions: The association between cannabis and schizophrenia is biologically plausible. Moreover, there has been emerging evidence of genes interacting with cannabis use to confer a higher risk for schizophrenia. There are enough reason and sufficient epidemiological evidence to warn people about the risk of developing schizophrenia with cannabis use. Scientific Significance: The increasing legalization of cannabis for recreational use is of significant concern. Long-term cannabis use might predispose people to increased risk of developing schizophrenia. Health professionals have a major role to play by taking maximum advantage of social and psychological interventions to educate people about the potential danger associated with cannabis and avoid its use.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46182252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-119327/v1
Getahun Kifle, Mulugeta Deribe Damota
Background The basic objective of the study was to explore the inter-professional learning experience of clinical psychology and psychiatry residency students. Method The researchers used a cross-sectional research design. This study was conducted in Addis Ababa University, at the School of Medicine, in the College of Health Science, Department of Psychiatry where both clinical psychology and Psychiatry Residence programs are provided. Purposefully selected 9 participants; 5 clinical psychology and 4 psychiatry residents’ inter-professional learning experiences were explored. A descriptive qualitative study using thematic analysis was conducted. Data was obtained with semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. Data collection and analysis were concurrent. Result The Result of the study indicated three themes and five sub-themes emerged from the data describing the experiences of clinical psychology and psychiatry students. The themes were: (a) IPE experience, (b) Factors affecting active participation, (c) Professional identity and IPE experience. Conclusion To conclude IPE experiences were various and resulted from an interaction of many factors. Despite the limitations, IPE experience provides many opportunities compared to Uni-professional learning experience. Inequality in professional status between participants negatively affects the IPE experience. Learning experiences require a balanced two-way interactive learning between participants. In the initial phase of IPE, participants need a clear role assignment with a formal objective to avoid confusion and frustration. Participating in IPE is not an easy performance - the experience opens many opportunities as well as has many challenges. Recommendation Finally, if implemented with a clear role assignment, significant supervision, and for the optimal duration of time IPE experience can help participants to develop their profession and guide them in their future work with other professionals.
{"title":"Inter-Professional Education: Inter-professional learning experience of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry Residency students.","authors":"Getahun Kifle, Mulugeta Deribe Damota","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-119327/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-119327/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background The basic objective of the study was to explore the inter-professional learning experience of clinical psychology and psychiatry residency students. Method The researchers used a cross-sectional research design. This study was conducted in Addis Ababa University, at the School of Medicine, in the College of Health Science, Department of Psychiatry where both clinical psychology and Psychiatry Residence programs are provided. Purposefully selected 9 participants; 5 clinical psychology and 4 psychiatry residents’ inter-professional learning experiences were explored. A descriptive qualitative study using thematic analysis was conducted. Data was obtained with semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. Data collection and analysis were concurrent. Result The Result of the study indicated three themes and five sub-themes emerged from the data describing the experiences of clinical psychology and psychiatry students. The themes were: (a) IPE experience, (b) Factors affecting active participation, (c) Professional identity and IPE experience. Conclusion To conclude IPE experiences were various and resulted from an interaction of many factors. Despite the limitations, IPE experience provides many opportunities compared to Uni-professional learning experience. Inequality in professional status between participants negatively affects the IPE experience. Learning experiences require a balanced two-way interactive learning between participants. In the initial phase of IPE, participants need a clear role assignment with a formal objective to avoid confusion and frustration. Participating in IPE is not an easy performance - the experience opens many opportunities as well as has many challenges. Recommendation Finally, if implemented with a clear role assignment, significant supervision, and for the optimal duration of time IPE experience can help participants to develop their profession and guide them in their future work with other professionals.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41328585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neuro-psychiatric condition associated with rather bizarre manifestations and generally affects children with normal intelligence. The condition has the potential to make an intelligent child a victim of the disorder, and unfavorably affects his/her school performance and lead to social rejection and isolation. Awareness by the community, educators, and also medical practitioners is useful and help in avoiding the loss of such children who have the potential to be a talented person. The aim of this paper is to present a case and to provide a brief account on the early documentation of syndrome in the literature. Patients and Methods: The case of a ten-year old boy with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is described and the relevant literatures were reviewed to outline the early documentation of the disorder in the literature. Results: A.Y was first seen at the pediatric psychiatric clinic of the Children Teaching Hospital of Baghdad Medical City at the age of ten years because they were saying at school that the boy is crazy because of his abnormal behaviors. The boy’s abnormal behaviors mentioned by his mother included shrugging his shoulders, shrugging his hips with unusual movements of the legs as if he was dancing, unusual facial grimace and lip licking, rubbing his chin, licking the back of his hand, producing abnormal sounds from his throat, and echolalia. Review of the earliest relevant literature revealed that the condition was first described in a book entitled “Malleus Maleficarum” which means “Witch’s hammer”. Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, a French doctor described the first case of Tourette syndrome in 1825. Conclusion: Awareness of this condition by the community, educators, and also medical practitioners is useful and help in avoiding the loss of such children who have the potential to be a talented person.
{"title":"Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome: A Case and A Brief Review of the Early Documentation of the Syndrome in The Literature","authors":"Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi","doi":"10.33140/ijp.05.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.05.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neuro-psychiatric condition associated with rather bizarre manifestations and generally affects children with normal intelligence. The condition has the potential to make an intelligent child a victim of the disorder, and unfavorably affects his/her school performance and lead to social rejection and isolation. Awareness by the community, educators, and also medical practitioners is useful and help in avoiding the loss of such children who have the potential to be a talented person. The aim of this paper is to present a case and to provide a brief account on the early documentation of syndrome in the literature. Patients and Methods: The case of a ten-year old boy with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is described and the relevant literatures were reviewed to outline the early documentation of the disorder in the literature. Results: A.Y was first seen at the pediatric psychiatric clinic of the Children Teaching Hospital of Baghdad Medical City at the age of ten years because they were saying at school that the boy is crazy because of his abnormal behaviors. The boy’s abnormal behaviors mentioned by his mother included shrugging his shoulders, shrugging his hips with unusual movements of the legs as if he was dancing, unusual facial grimace and lip licking, rubbing his chin, licking the back of his hand, producing abnormal sounds from his throat, and echolalia. Review of the earliest relevant literature revealed that the condition was first described in a book entitled “Malleus Maleficarum” which means “Witch’s hammer”. Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, a French doctor described the first case of Tourette syndrome in 1825. Conclusion: Awareness of this condition by the community, educators, and also medical practitioners is useful and help in avoiding the loss of such children who have the potential to be a talented person.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43278282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background: On-screen exposure to battlefield sights can be stressful. This study aimed to investigate the link between exposure to distressing battlefield events involving severe injuries and fatalities and distress symptoms. Method: A cross-sectional design study based on self-report questionnaires. The questionnaires included: State-anxiety inventory (STAI), Depression (BDI), posttraumatic stress disorder (PCL-5); and Burnout (MBI). Results: The participants were 126 Israeli operators of remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), 91.3% male, 49.2% aged 18-25. Percentage of exposure to distressing sights was 34.7% (n = 42). The rate of intrusive PTSD symptoms was higher in the group that had been exposed to distressing sights than in the other group (p = .019). Burnout, depressive, and anxiety symptoms appeared in younger operators. The GLM model for predicting post-trauma symptoms (PTSS), depression, anxiety and burnout, revealed that older individuals who had been in career service for over five years were at higher risk of PTSS. Conclusions: Younger RPA’s are more vulnerable to anxiety, depression, and burnout symptoms, which seem to originate from their younger age and military inexperience rather than from distressing sights. Exposure to distressing sights is related to PTSD-intrusive symptoms that characterize the older RPA operators who have been exposed to a larger number of distressing sights being older and having served for a longer period. Limitations: The relatively modest sample size may have limited reaching statistically significant differences in the variables.
{"title":"On-Screen Exposure to Battlefield Sights and Psychological Symptoms Among RPA Operators","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijp.05.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.05.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: On-screen exposure to battlefield sights can be stressful. This study aimed to investigate the link between exposure to distressing battlefield events involving severe injuries and fatalities and distress symptoms. Method: A cross-sectional design study based on self-report questionnaires. The questionnaires included: State-anxiety inventory (STAI), Depression (BDI), posttraumatic stress disorder (PCL-5); and Burnout (MBI). Results: The participants were 126 Israeli operators of remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), 91.3% male, 49.2% aged 18-25. Percentage of exposure to distressing sights was 34.7% (n = 42). The rate of intrusive PTSD symptoms was higher in the group that had been exposed to distressing sights than in the other group (p = .019). Burnout, depressive, and anxiety symptoms appeared in younger operators. The GLM model for predicting post-trauma symptoms (PTSS), depression, anxiety and burnout, revealed that older individuals who had been in career service for over five years were at higher risk of PTSS. Conclusions: Younger RPA’s are more vulnerable to anxiety, depression, and burnout symptoms, which seem to originate from their younger age and military inexperience rather than from distressing sights. Exposure to distressing sights is related to PTSD-intrusive symptoms that characterize the older RPA operators who have been exposed to a larger number of distressing sights being older and having served for a longer period. Limitations: The relatively modest sample size may have limited reaching statistically significant differences in the variables.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44750380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-107770/v1
Q. Yin, W. Cai, X. Zhang, A. Chen, X. Song, G. Deng
Background: Anxiety has become one of the most common psychological problems affecting the combat effectiveness of soldiers. As the generation, maintenance, and recurrence of anxiety have an important interaction with interpretation bias, yet none proof was for the existence of interpretation bias in military personnel.Methods: 112 military officers and soldiers were recruited. Based on scores of the Trait-anxiety Inventory, participants were divided into the high trait anxiety group and the low trait anxiety group. the Picture Sentence Association Paradigm comprised of military-simulated ambiguous scenarios and emotional facial expressions was used to test the differences of the interpretation bias between the two groups.Results: Military personnel with high trait anxiety showed interpretation bias by endorsing more negative valence to the ambiguous scenarios and reject the positive valence. Especially in a self-related scenario, the interpretation bias was more remarkable.Conclusion: This study revealed the existed interpretation bias in military personnel with high trait anxiety using a new paradigm and highlighted the need for further researches to improve the measurement of interpretation bias. Moreover, the picture sentence association paradigm could provide plausible methods for cognitive bias modification to decrease the soldiers’ anxiety.
{"title":"Interpretation Bias Featured in Military Personnel with High Trait Anxiety Measured by a Novel Paradigm","authors":"Q. Yin, W. Cai, X. Zhang, A. Chen, X. Song, G. Deng","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-107770/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-107770/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Anxiety has become one of the most common psychological problems affecting the combat effectiveness of soldiers. As the generation, maintenance, and recurrence of anxiety have an important interaction with interpretation bias, yet none proof was for the existence of interpretation bias in military personnel.Methods: 112 military officers and soldiers were recruited. Based on scores of the Trait-anxiety Inventory, participants were divided into the high trait anxiety group and the low trait anxiety group. the Picture Sentence Association Paradigm comprised of military-simulated ambiguous scenarios and emotional facial expressions was used to test the differences of the interpretation bias between the two groups.Results: Military personnel with high trait anxiety showed interpretation bias by endorsing more negative valence to the ambiguous scenarios and reject the positive valence. Especially in a self-related scenario, the interpretation bias was more remarkable.Conclusion: This study revealed the existed interpretation bias in military personnel with high trait anxiety using a new paradigm and highlighted the need for further researches to improve the measurement of interpretation bias. Moreover, the picture sentence association paradigm could provide plausible methods for cognitive bias modification to decrease the soldiers’ anxiety.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46500766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：