Peter Wangwe, Mfaume Kibwana, Furaha August, Aman I Kikula
Background: Emergency caesarean section (CS) answers the question on how soon the procedure should be performed. Maternal and fetal outcomes deteriorate when decision to delivery interval (DDI) exceeds 75 min. This study aimed at determining the DDI, Maternal and fetal outcomes in CS categories at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH).
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 427 emergency CS at MNH was conducted from September to November, 2017. Data was extracted and analysed using SPSS version 23.0 where frequency, means, chi-square test and DDI were calculated to determine its association with categories of CS.
Results: The mean DDI for category one, two and three CS were 126.73, 133.57 and 160.08 min respectively. Only two (0.5%) and 54 (12.6%) of category one and two emergency CS met the recommended DDI of 30 and 75 min respectively. Maternal and fetal adverse outcome were increasing with increase in DDI. There was no significant association between DDI and adverse maternal outcome (OR: 1.2; 95% CI 0.49-2.83) and fetal outcome (OR: 1.7; 95% CI 0.91-3.38).
Conclusion: The proportions of adverse maternal and fetal outcome were high when DDI was ≥ 75 min. Improving triage of the patients according to their urgency is crucial in reducing prolonged DDI.
Keywords: Caesarean section category; maternal and fetal outcome; decision to delivery interval.
背景:紧急剖宫产(CS)回答了手术应该多快进行的问题。当决定分娩间隔(DDI)超过75分钟时，孕产妇和胎儿结局会恶化。本研究旨在确定Muhimbili国立医院(MNH) CS类别的DDI、孕产妇和胎儿结局。方法:2017年9月至11月，对MNH的427名紧急CS进行了描述性横断面研究。使用SPSS 23.0版本提取数据并进行分析，计算频率、平均值、卡方检验和DDI，以确定其与CS类别的关联。
结果:1、2、3类CS的平均DDI分别为126.73、133.57、160.08 min。只有2例(0.5%)和54例(12.6%)的1类和2类紧急CS分别达到建议的DDI 30和75分钟。母胎不良结局随DDI的增加而增加。DDI与产妇不良结局无显著相关性(OR: 1.2;95% CI 0.49-2.83)和胎儿结局(OR: 1.7;95% CI 0.91-3.38)。
结论:DDI≥75 min时不良母胎结局比例较高，根据患者的急迫性进行分诊是减少延长DDI的关键。
关键词:剖宫产类;母婴结局;决定交付间隔。
{"title":"Decision to delivery interval, maternal and fetal outcomes in emergency caesarean sections in a tertiary teaching hospital, Dar es salaam, Tanzania","authors":"Peter Wangwe, Mfaume Kibwana, Furaha August, Aman I Kikula","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Emergency caesarean section (CS) answers the question on how soon the procedure should be performed. Maternal and fetal outcomes deteriorate when decision to delivery interval (DDI) exceeds 75 min. This study aimed at determining the DDI, Maternal and fetal outcomes in CS categories at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH).
 Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 427 emergency CS at MNH was conducted from September to November, 2017. Data was extracted and analysed using SPSS version 23.0 where frequency, means, chi-square test and DDI were calculated to determine its association with categories of CS.
 Results: The mean DDI for category one, two and three CS were 126.73, 133.57 and 160.08 min respectively. Only two (0.5%) and 54 (12.6%) of category one and two emergency CS met the recommended DDI of 30 and 75 min respectively. Maternal and fetal adverse outcome were increasing with increase in DDI. There was no significant association between DDI and adverse maternal outcome (OR: 1.2; 95% CI 0.49-2.83) and fetal outcome (OR: 1.7; 95% CI 0.91-3.38).
 Conclusion: The proportions of adverse maternal and fetal outcome were high when DDI was ≥ 75 min. Improving triage of the patients according to their urgency is crucial in reducing prolonged DDI.
 Keywords: Caesarean section category; maternal and fetal outcome; decision to delivery interval.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sylvanus B Udoette, Asukwo E Onukak, Victor A Umoh, Akpabio A Akpabio
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection that has been reported in virtually every country. Healthcare workers (HCW) are more at risk of COVID-19 than the general population making them a priority group for vaccination. Before the roll out of COVID-19 vaccines in Nigeria, some HCW were using some repurposed, unapproved drugs to possibly prevent the disease. This study evaluated the frequency and pattern of drug use for COVID-19 prevention.
Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of HCW conducted in Southern Nigeria. Data was obtained from the participants using a questionnaire and blood sample was obtained for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. Data was analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.
Results: One hundred and sixty-six participants were enrolled in this study. Thirty-two (19.3%) of them had taken a repurposed medication as prophylaxis for COVID-19. The most used drugs were Vitamin C (9%), Azithromycin (8.4%) and Zinc (6.6%). History of contact with patient with confirmed COVID-19 and being a pharmacist were independent factors associated with the use of COVID-19 prophylaxis.
Conclusion: Several HCW in Nigeria take drugs to possibly prevent COVID-19. These medications may not offer significant protection against COVID-19. There is an urgent need to increase uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in HCW in Nigeria.
Keywords: COVID-19; Chemoprophylaxis; Healthcare workers.
{"title":"The practice of using repurposed medications as chemoprophylaxis for COVID-19 by healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria","authors":"Sylvanus B Udoette, Asukwo E Onukak, Victor A Umoh, Akpabio A Akpabio","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.47","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection that has been reported in virtually every country. Healthcare workers (HCW) are more at risk of COVID-19 than the general population making them a priority group for vaccination. Before the roll out of COVID-19 vaccines in Nigeria, some HCW were using some repurposed, unapproved drugs to possibly prevent the disease. This study evaluated the frequency and pattern of drug use for COVID-19 prevention.
 Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of HCW conducted in Southern Nigeria. Data was obtained from the participants using a questionnaire and blood sample was obtained for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. Data was analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.
 Results: One hundred and sixty-six participants were enrolled in this study. Thirty-two (19.3%) of them had taken a repurposed medication as prophylaxis for COVID-19. The most used drugs were Vitamin C (9%), Azithromycin (8.4%) and Zinc (6.6%). History of contact with patient with confirmed COVID-19 and being a pharmacist were independent factors associated with the use of COVID-19 prophylaxis.
 Conclusion: Several HCW in Nigeria take drugs to possibly prevent COVID-19. These medications may not offer significant protection against COVID-19. There is an urgent need to increase uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in HCW in Nigeria.
 Keywords: COVID-19; Chemoprophylaxis; Healthcare workers.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Increased fertility awareness can help infertile couples to achieve pregnancy.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine both the predictors and levels of fertility awareness among married Nigerian women of childbearing age.
Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey. Data were collected via online and face to face questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential analysis were done with SPSS 25.
Results: Most respondents married between ages 24-29 years old (40%) and just over half had good fertility awareness (53%). The associated factors were age at menarche (X2 = 9.962, p = 0.007), geopolitical zone of residence (X2 = 17.301, p = 0.008), level of education (X2 = 64.843, p < 0.001), employment status (X2 = 9.319 p = 0.025) menstrual cycle charting (X2 = 66.392, p < 0.001), use of internet to increase awareness (X2 = 39.849, p < 0.001) and books (X2 = 58.855, p < 0.001). Fertility awareness was lower for those with secondary education than postgraduates (AOR=0.213, 95% CI 0.116-0.390, p < 0.001). Moreover, the odds of having good fertility awareness were less in those who did not chart their menstrual cycle (AOR=0.363, 95% CI 0.245-0.538, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Menstrual cycle charting and level of education were predictors of fertility awareness.
Keywords: Nigeria; fertility; educational status; menstrual cycle; internet.
背景:提高生育意识可以帮助不育夫妇实现怀孕。
目的:本研究旨在确定尼日利亚已婚育龄妇女生育意识的预测因素和水平。方法:全国横断面调查。数据通过在线和面对面的问卷调查收集。描述性和推断性分析采用SPSS 25.
结果:大多数受访者的结婚年龄在24-29岁之间(40%)，略多于一半的人有良好的生育意识(53%)。相关因素为初潮年龄(X2 = 9.962, p = 0.007)、居住地(X2 = 17.301, p = 0.008)、文化程度(X2 = 64.843, p <0.001)、就业状况(X2 = 9.319 p = 0.025)、月经周期图表(X2 = 66.392, p <0.001)，利用互联网提高意识(X2 = 39.849, p <0.001)和书籍(X2 = 58.855, p <0.001)。中等学历人群的生育意识低于研究生(AOR=0.213, 95% CI 0.116 ~ 0.390, p <0.001)。此外，那些没有记录月经周期的女性拥有良好生育意识的几率更低(AOR=0.363, 95% CI 0.245-0.538, p <0.001)强生# x0D;结论:月经周期图表和文化程度是生育意识的预测指标。
关键词:尼日利亚;生育能力;教育的地位;月经周期;互联网。
{"title":"Predictors of fertility awareness among selected married women of childbearing age in Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey","authors":"Adaobi Uchenna Mosanya, Deborah Oyine Aluh, Chibueze Anosike, Maureen Ogochukwu Akunne, Chigozie Gloria Anene-Okeke, Abdulmuminu Isah","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increased fertility awareness can help infertile couples to achieve pregnancy.
 Objectives: This study aimed to determine both the predictors and levels of fertility awareness among married Nigerian women of childbearing age.
 Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey. Data were collected via online and face to face questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential analysis were done with SPSS 25.
 Results: Most respondents married between ages 24-29 years old (40%) and just over half had good fertility awareness (53%). The associated factors were age at menarche (X2 = 9.962, p = 0.007), geopolitical zone of residence (X2 = 17.301, p = 0.008), level of education (X2 = 64.843, p < 0.001), employment status (X2 = 9.319 p = 0.025) menstrual cycle charting (X2 = 66.392, p < 0.001), use of internet to increase awareness (X2 = 39.849, p < 0.001) and books (X2 = 58.855, p < 0.001). Fertility awareness was lower for those with secondary education than postgraduates (AOR=0.213, 95% CI 0.116-0.390, p < 0.001). Moreover, the odds of having good fertility awareness were less in those who did not chart their menstrual cycle (AOR=0.363, 95% CI 0.245-0.538, p < 0.001).
 Conclusion: Menstrual cycle charting and level of education were predictors of fertility awareness.
 Keywords: Nigeria; fertility; educational status; menstrual cycle; internet.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yong Deng, Ke Yang, Guoqiang Zhou, Ning Wang, Chun Liu, Zhong Chen
Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection has threatened the survival ofHIV-infected people. To explore the correlations of intestinal microorganisms with liver and immune functions of patients withHIV/HBV coinfection.
Methods: Eighty-six patients positive for HIV antibody and HBV surface antigen diagnosed from January 2018 to June 2020were selected as HIV/HBV coinfection group. Another 86 patients positive for HBV surface antigen and 86 healthy people wereselected as HBV infection and control groups, respectively. The correlations of intestinal flora with liver function, inflammatoryindices and immune cells were explored through Pearson’s analysis.
Results: Compared with control group, the proportions and numbers of T lymphocytes (CD3+), helper T lymphocytes (CD4+),cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+), CD4+/CD8+ and natural killer (NK) cells decreased in HIV/HBV coinfection group (P<0.05).IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, ALT, AST, GGT, DBiL and TDBi levels were correlated negatively with Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Bacteroidesnumbers, but positively with Enterobacter and Enterococcus numbers (P<0.05). IL-10 level and proportions of CD3+, CD4+,CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ and NK cells were correlated positively with Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides numbers, but negativelywith Enterobacter and Enterococcus numbers (P<0.05).
Conclusion: HIV aggravates the liver damage and immuno-inflammatory response in HBV patients.
Keywords: Intestinal flora; liver function; inflammatory factor; immune; human immunodeficiency virus; hepatitis B virus.
{"title":"Correlations of intestinal microorganisms with liver and immune functions of patients with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus coinfection","authors":"Yong Deng, Ke Yang, Guoqiang Zhou, Ning Wang, Chun Liu, Zhong Chen","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.53","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection has threatened the survival ofHIV-infected people. To explore the correlations of intestinal microorganisms with liver and immune functions of patients withHIV/HBV coinfection.
 Methods: Eighty-six patients positive for HIV antibody and HBV surface antigen diagnosed from January 2018 to June 2020were selected as HIV/HBV coinfection group. Another 86 patients positive for HBV surface antigen and 86 healthy people wereselected as HBV infection and control groups, respectively. The correlations of intestinal flora with liver function, inflammatoryindices and immune cells were explored through Pearson’s analysis.
 Results: Compared with control group, the proportions and numbers of T lymphocytes (CD3+), helper T lymphocytes (CD4+),cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+), CD4+/CD8+ and natural killer (NK) cells decreased in HIV/HBV coinfection group (P<0.05).IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, ALT, AST, GGT, DBiL and TDBi levels were correlated negatively with Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Bacteroidesnumbers, but positively with Enterobacter and Enterococcus numbers (P<0.05). IL-10 level and proportions of CD3+, CD4+,CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ and NK cells were correlated positively with Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides numbers, but negativelywith Enterobacter and Enterococcus numbers (P<0.05).
 Conclusion: HIV aggravates the liver damage and immuno-inflammatory response in HBV patients.
 Keywords: Intestinal flora; liver function; inflammatory factor; immune; human immunodeficiency virus; hepatitis B virus.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omolara T Lewechi-Uke, Ikeoluwapo O Ajayi, Joshua O Akinyemi
Background: Rates of cardiovascular (CV) disease mortality is usually higher in men but this equalizes with that of women following menopause.
Objectives: This was to determine the contribution of abdominal obesity and estradiol to cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women (PMW) as well as estimate their CV risk profile.
Methods: 271 consenting PMW were recruited consecutively into this cross-sectional hospital-based study. Data relating to their socio-demography, blood pressure and anthropometry was obtained and laboratory analysis of lipid profile and serum estradiol was done. Cardiovascular risk of participants was estimated using standardized calculators.
Results: Mean age of participants was 57.8±5.5 years. Significant correlation existed between each of triglyceride (Positive), High Density Lipoprotein (negative) and Waist-Hip-Ratio (WHR) (p=0.001 and 0.000 respectively). Hypertension and dyslipidaemia were significantly associated with WHR (p=0.01 and 0.031 respectively). Significant negative correlation existed between CV risk profile and serum estradiol (rs = -0.140, p = 0.028). Ten-unit increase in WHR was associated with two-fold risk of hypertension (OR> 1.73, C.I.= 1.13-2.66). A unit change in age was associated with 0.61 increase in TC.
Conclusion: Abdominal obesity and serum estradiol significantly influence cardio-metabolic risk. Newer risk calculator which incorporates factors peculiar to women such as serum E2 is hereby recommended.
Keywords: Cardiovascular risk; postmenopausal women; abdominal obesity.
{"title":"Abdominal obesity, serum estradiol and cardiovascular risk among Nigerian postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Omolara T Lewechi-Uke, Ikeoluwapo O Ajayi, Joshua O Akinyemi","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rates of cardiovascular (CV) disease mortality is usually higher in men but this equalizes with that of women following menopause.
 Objectives: This was to determine the contribution of abdominal obesity and estradiol to cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women (PMW) as well as estimate their CV risk profile.
 Methods: 271 consenting PMW were recruited consecutively into this cross-sectional hospital-based study. Data relating to their socio-demography, blood pressure and anthropometry was obtained and laboratory analysis of lipid profile and serum estradiol was done. Cardiovascular risk of participants was estimated using standardized calculators.
 Results: Mean age of participants was 57.8±5.5 years. Significant correlation existed between each of triglyceride (Positive), High Density Lipoprotein (negative) and Waist-Hip-Ratio (WHR) (p=0.001 and 0.000 respectively). Hypertension and dyslipidaemia were significantly associated with WHR (p=0.01 and 0.031 respectively). Significant negative correlation existed between CV risk profile and serum estradiol (rs = -0.140, p = 0.028). Ten-unit increase in WHR was associated with two-fold risk of hypertension (OR> 1.73, C.I.= 1.13-2.66). A unit change in age was associated with 0.61 increase in TC.
 Conclusion: Abdominal obesity and serum estradiol significantly influence cardio-metabolic risk. Newer risk calculator which incorporates factors peculiar to women such as serum E2 is hereby recommended.
 Keywords: Cardiovascular risk; postmenopausal women; abdominal obesity.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To investigate the aplication of low contrast agent concentration and low tube voltage in coronary CTA on patientswith high BMI (26kg/m228kg/m2).
Methods: 60 patients with high BMI (26kg/m228kg/m2) wererandomly divided into two groups: double low group A (n=30, tube voltage = 70 KV), double low group B (n=30, tube voltage= 70 KV), processed by SAFIRE iterative reconstruction with 270 mgI/ml contrast agent. Conventional group a (n=30, tubevoltage = 120 KV), conventional group b (n=30, tube voltage = 120 KV), with filtered back projection (FBP) and 370 mg I/mlcontrast agent. the image excellent index (FOM), the effective radiation dose (ED), mean CT value, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR),and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR) between corresponding groups were compared.
Result: There was no significant difference in subjective scores of coronary artery image quality between the two high BMIsubgroups (P>0.05).The ED of group A (1.103±0.101 mSv) was significantly lower than that of group a (4.663±0.412 mSv)(P<0.001).There was no significant difference in mean CT value, SNR and CNR between the two subgroups (P>0.05).The imageexcellent index (FOM) of group A was higher than that of group a (P<0.05).The total iodine content and iodine injectionrate in group A were lower than those in group a (P<0.001).The difference of subjective scores of coronary artery image qualitybetween the two ultra-high subgroups was significant. The mean CT value, SNR and CNR of group B were lower than those ofgroup b (P<0.05). The images of 14 patients in group B could not meet the diagnosis demand.
Conclusion: It is feasible to reduce the tube voltage to 70KV in patients with abdominal BMI with high BMI (26Kg/m228Kg/m2), under the same conditions, the70KV can not meet the daily diagnosis requirement.
Keywords: Radiation dose; tomography; coronary artery; iterative reconstruction; contrast agent; abdominal obesity.
{"title":"A feasibility study of 70 kV double low-dose coronary imaging technique in abdomen-fatty patients using dual-source CT","authors":"Lei Chen, Shang Ge, Yuan Chen, Ting-Ting Zhang, Ting-Ting Zhang, Zhao-Huan Zhu","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.70","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the aplication of low contrast agent concentration and low tube voltage in coronary CTA on patientswith high BMI (26kg/m2<BMI≤28kg/m2) and ultra-high BMI (BMI>28kg/m2).
 Methods: 60 patients with high BMI (26kg/m2<BMI≤28kg/m2) and 60 patients with ultra-high BMI (BMI>28kg/m2) wererandomly divided into two groups: double low group A (n=30, tube voltage = 70 KV), double low group B (n=30, tube voltage= 70 KV), processed by SAFIRE iterative reconstruction with 270 mgI/ml contrast agent. Conventional group a (n=30, tubevoltage = 120 KV), conventional group b (n=30, tube voltage = 120 KV), with filtered back projection (FBP) and 370 mg I/mlcontrast agent. the image excellent index (FOM), the effective radiation dose (ED), mean CT value, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR),and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR) between corresponding groups were compared.
 Result: There was no significant difference in subjective scores of coronary artery image quality between the two high BMIsubgroups (P>0.05).The ED of group A (1.103±0.101 mSv) was significantly lower than that of group a (4.663±0.412 mSv)(P<0.001).There was no significant difference in mean CT value, SNR and CNR between the two subgroups (P>0.05).The imageexcellent index (FOM) of group A was higher than that of group a (P<0.05).The total iodine content and iodine injectionrate in group A were lower than those in group a (P<0.001).The difference of subjective scores of coronary artery image qualitybetween the two ultra-high subgroups was significant. The mean CT value, SNR and CNR of group B were lower than those ofgroup b (P<0.05). The images of 14 patients in group B could not meet the diagnosis demand.
 Conclusion: It is feasible to reduce the tube voltage to 70KV in patients with abdominal BMI with high BMI (26Kg/m2<BMI≤28Kg/m2). For patients with abdominal obesity with ultra-high BMI (BMI>28Kg/m2), under the same conditions, the70KV can not meet the daily diagnosis requirement.
 Keywords: Radiation dose; tomography; coronary artery; iterative reconstruction; contrast agent; abdominal obesity.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136214064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To observe the effect of negative pressure closure drainage combined with open bone grafting or bone migration inthe treatment of tibial traumatic osteomyelitis. Methods: Eighty-six (86) cases of tibial traumatic osteomyelitis admitted to Hospital of the Chinese people's Liberation Armyfrom September 2017 to September 2018 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, forty-three (43)cases each. Debridement, open bone grafting or bone migration was given to the control group.The observation group was treated with negative pressure closed drainage on the basis of the control group. In addition, the serumcomponents such as CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 of the control group and observation group were detected respectively after surgery. Results: Observation group granulation cover wound, fracture healing time was shorter than the control group, fracture healingrate was better than the control group, the difference has statistical significance (P<0.05). By comparing serum CRP, TNF-α,IL-6 levels before and after treatment in the two groups, it was found that the observation group was lower than the controlgroup (P<0.05, respectively). Serum CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 levels were significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: The treatment of tibial traumatic osteomyelitis with negative pressure closure drainage combined with open bonegrafting or bone displacement has a good effect on fracture healing and is worth popularizing. Keywords: Bone removal; CRP; IL-6; Negative pressure closure drainage; Tibia; TNF-α; Traumatic osteomyelitis.
{"title":"Treatment of tibial traumatic osteomyelitis with negative pressure closure drainage combined with open bone grafting or bone migration and its effect on the levels of CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum","authors":"Xinqiang Wang, Liangbang Wu, Yuehong Zhang, Zhen-hai Hou, Longbao Zheng, Zenghui Gu","doi":"10.24205/03276716.2020.1075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24205/03276716.2020.1075","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To observe the effect of negative pressure closure drainage combined with open bone grafting or bone migration inthe treatment of tibial traumatic osteomyelitis. \u0000Methods: Eighty-six (86) cases of tibial traumatic osteomyelitis admitted to Hospital of the Chinese people's Liberation Armyfrom September 2017 to September 2018 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, forty-three (43)cases each. Debridement, open bone grafting or bone migration was given to the control group.The observation group was treated with negative pressure closed drainage on the basis of the control group. In addition, the serumcomponents such as CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 of the control group and observation group were detected respectively after surgery. \u0000Results: Observation group granulation cover wound, fracture healing time was shorter than the control group, fracture healingrate was better than the control group, the difference has statistical significance (P<0.05). By comparing serum CRP, TNF-α,IL-6 levels before and after treatment in the two groups, it was found that the observation group was lower than the controlgroup (P<0.05, respectively). Serum CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 levels were significantly (P<0.05). \u0000Conclusion: The treatment of tibial traumatic osteomyelitis with negative pressure closure drainage combined with open bonegrafting or bone displacement has a good effect on fracture healing and is worth popularizing. \u0000Keywords: Bone removal; CRP; IL-6; Negative pressure closure drainage; Tibia; TNF-α; Traumatic osteomyelitis.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45098444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olusoji J Daniel, Janet O Bamidele, Adekunle D Alabi, Musibau A Tijani, Callistus A Akinleye, Kolawole S Oritogun, Festus O Soyinka, Olusola A Adejumo
Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in disruptions in delivery of Tuberculosis services especially, in resource-limited settings. Provisional data by the WHO from 84 countries indicates that about 1.4 million fewer people received care for tuberculosis in 2020 than in 2019. This study assessed the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis case notification rates in Ogun state, Nigeria
Methods: A retrospective review of presumptive TB and diagnosed TB cases that were notified in 2019 and 2020. Analysis was done using Epi-info version 7.2.3.1. Level of statistical significance was p < 0.05
Results: A total of 3102 and 3326 confirmed cases were reported in 2019 and 2020 respectively with an increase of 7.2%. There was significant decline in total number of cases notified in Q2, 2020 compared to 2019 (p=0.001) with a significant increase in proportion of TB cases notified by private facilities from 11.65% in 2019 to 20.27% in 2020.
Conclusion: Total TB cases notified in Ogun state increased during the covid-19 pandemic. There was significant decline in TB cases during the lockdown but an increase in proportion of TB cases notified by private facilities demonstrating that private facilities can withstand disruptions to TB case notifications due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
Keywords: Tuberculosis; COVID-19; case notification; private-public mix; private sector.
{"title":"The effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on Tuberculosis (TB) case notification in Ogun State, Nigeria","authors":"Olusoji J Daniel, Janet O Bamidele, Adekunle D Alabi, Musibau A Tijani, Callistus A Akinleye, Kolawole S Oritogun, Festus O Soyinka, Olusola A Adejumo","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.44","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in disruptions in delivery of Tuberculosis services especially, in resource-limited settings. Provisional data by the WHO from 84 countries indicates that about 1.4 million fewer people received care for tuberculosis in 2020 than in 2019. This study assessed the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis case notification rates in Ogun state, Nigeria
 Methods: A retrospective review of presumptive TB and diagnosed TB cases that were notified in 2019 and 2020. Analysis was done using Epi-info version 7.2.3.1. Level of statistical significance was p < 0.05
 Results: A total of 3102 and 3326 confirmed cases were reported in 2019 and 2020 respectively with an increase of 7.2%. There was significant decline in total number of cases notified in Q2, 2020 compared to 2019 (p=0.001) with a significant increase in proportion of TB cases notified by private facilities from 11.65% in 2019 to 20.27% in 2020.
 Conclusion: Total TB cases notified in Ogun state increased during the covid-19 pandemic. There was significant decline in TB cases during the lockdown but an increase in proportion of TB cases notified by private facilities demonstrating that private facilities can withstand disruptions to TB case notifications due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
 Keywords: Tuberculosis; COVID-19; case notification; private-public mix; private sector.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ganiyu Oluwedolapo Shittu, Aniekan Monday Abasiattai, Aniefiok Jackson Umoiyoho, Ifeanyi Abraham Onwuezobe
Background: Hepatitis C virus infection as it specifically relates to pregnancy has been a neglected condition, thus its recognitionand treatment in pregnancy is relevant because of the risks of the long-term complications of the infection in the mother,potential effects of the infection on the pregnancy and risk of vertical transmission to the newborn.
Objectives: To determine the proportion of pregnant women with serologic markers of hepatitis C infection, identify risk factorsas well as factors that predict the occurrence of the infection in them.
Methodology: Over a 3-week period, blood samples from 456 pregnant women were assessed for antibodies to hepatitis Cvirus, while a pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic data and the presence of risk factors in the Universityof Uyo Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
Results: The prevalence of HCV infection in pregnancy was 4.6%. No known risk factors for HCV infection in pregnancy wereidentified. Only increasing gestational age was a predictor of HCV infection in pregnancy in the study.
Conclusion: The prevalence of hepatitis virus infection among the study population was high. Second trimester and increasinggravidity were protective of the infection in pregnancy. There is therefore need for introduction of general routine screening ofall pregnant women presenting for antenatal care.
Keywords: Hepatitis C virus infection; pregnant women; Uyo; prevalence of hepatitis C.
{"title":"Prevalence and predictors of hepatitis C infection among antenatal attendees in a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria","authors":"Ganiyu Oluwedolapo Shittu, Aniekan Monday Abasiattai, Aniefiok Jackson Umoiyoho, Ifeanyi Abraham Onwuezobe","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis C virus infection as it specifically relates to pregnancy has been a neglected condition, thus its recognitionand treatment in pregnancy is relevant because of the risks of the long-term complications of the infection in the mother,potential effects of the infection on the pregnancy and risk of vertical transmission to the newborn.
 Objectives: To determine the proportion of pregnant women with serologic markers of hepatitis C infection, identify risk factorsas well as factors that predict the occurrence of the infection in them.
 Methodology: Over a 3-week period, blood samples from 456 pregnant women were assessed for antibodies to hepatitis Cvirus, while a pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic data and the presence of risk factors in the Universityof Uyo Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
 Results: The prevalence of HCV infection in pregnancy was 4.6%. No known risk factors for HCV infection in pregnancy wereidentified. Only increasing gestational age was a predictor of HCV infection in pregnancy in the study.
 Conclusion: The prevalence of hepatitis virus infection among the study population was high. Second trimester and increasinggravidity were protective of the infection in pregnancy. There is therefore need for introduction of general routine screening ofall pregnant women presenting for antenatal care.
 Keywords: Hepatitis C virus infection; pregnant women; Uyo; prevalence of hepatitis C.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Novel coronavirus disease Covid-19 is a highly acute respiratory, viral pathogenic and pandemic disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) virus which leads to a heavy loss of mankind worldwide. The origin of the virus is not well known as it confirms the transfer of disease from person to person. As the disease is a novel clinical trial of antiviral drugs only seems to be better for emergency pathogenic Covid-19 impacts. The after all effect of Covid-19 results severely elevated glucose levels causing Diabetes Mellitus. The various symptoms of black fungus also report a heavy impact on diabetic patients. The analysis of Covid-19, mucormycosis and Covid vaccines with respect to diabetes is described in the paper.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; diabetes complications; diabetic patient.
{"title":"Impacts of Covid-19 & black fungus on diabetes patients in India","authors":"Anchana P Belmon, Jeraldin Auxillia","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.49","url":null,"abstract":"The Novel coronavirus disease Covid-19 is a highly acute respiratory, viral pathogenic and pandemic disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) virus which leads to a heavy loss of mankind worldwide. The origin of the virus is not well known as it confirms the transfer of disease from person to person. As the disease is a novel clinical trial of antiviral drugs only seems to be better for emergency pathogenic Covid-19 impacts. The after all effect of Covid-19 results severely elevated glucose levels causing Diabetes Mellitus. The various symptoms of black fungus also report a heavy impact on diabetic patients. The analysis of Covid-19, mucormycosis and Covid vaccines with respect to diabetes is described in the paper.
 Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; diabetes complications; diabetic patient.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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