Yusuff Azeez Olanrewaju, Amos Abimbola Oladunni, Kenneth Bitrus David, Yusuf Olalekan Babatunde, Ibrahim Abdulmumin Damilola, Oluwakorede Adedeji, Colette Chidozie Ahamefula
Coronavirus disease 2019 popularly known as COVID-19 is the current pandemic ravaging the world. It has disrupted so many aspects of humans’ life including the healthcare systems of all countries. While governments have instituted preventive measures such as social distancing, self-isolation and lockdown in a bid to control the spread of the virus, the absence of vaccine can lead to poor management of key risk factors (including unhealthy diets and physical inactivity) associated with NCDs and limited access to preventive health services can further contribute to development and progression of NCDs. This study provides a review of available evidences from PubMed, google scholar, online databases, and papers from other sources on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on NCDs in Africa and emphasizes lessons from past pandemics that can be adopted to reduce the burden of the disease.
Keywords: COVID-19; Pandemics; Africa; Non-Communicable Diseases.
{"title":"Covid-19 and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Africa: a narrative review","authors":"Yusuff Azeez Olanrewaju, Amos Abimbola Oladunni, Kenneth Bitrus David, Yusuf Olalekan Babatunde, Ibrahim Abdulmumin Damilola, Oluwakorede Adedeji, Colette Chidozie Ahamefula","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.48","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 popularly known as COVID-19 is the current pandemic ravaging the world. It has disrupted so many aspects of humans’ life including the healthcare systems of all countries. While governments have instituted preventive measures such as social distancing, self-isolation and lockdown in a bid to control the spread of the virus, the absence of vaccine can lead to poor management of key risk factors (including unhealthy diets and physical inactivity) associated with NCDs and limited access to preventive health services can further contribute to development and progression of NCDs. This study provides a review of available evidences from PubMed, google scholar, online databases, and papers from other sources on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on NCDs in Africa and emphasizes lessons from past pandemics that can be adopted to reduce the burden of the disease.
 Keywords: COVID-19; Pandemics; Africa; Non-Communicable Diseases.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Globally, 45% of under-five children death occurs during the neonatal period and about 25% of all neonatal deaths are caused by birth asphyxia. In Ethiopia, in 2015, it was the first cause of neonatal deaths followed by prematurity and sepsis. The study aims to assess prevalence of Birth asphyxia and associated factors.
Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among neonates admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit of Hawassa University Specialized comprehensive hospital from December 1 to December 30, 2020. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select samples. Logistic regression analysis using Statistical Package for Social sciences version 24was employed.
Results: The prevalence of neonatal asphyxia in this study was17.9%. Prolonged labor [AOR (Adjusted odds ration) = 2.909; (95% CI (Confidence Interval): 1.184 – 7.151)], presence of meconium [AOR= 2.137; 95% CI 1.028 – 4.683)], premature rapture of membrane [AOR = 2.459; 95% CI: 1.021 – 6.076)] and complication during labor [AOR= 3.351; 95% CI: 2.142 – 5.871))], were factors associated with neonatal asphyxia.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Nearly two in every ten newborns faced perinatal asphyxia in the study area. Early identification of high-risk women, intervening on delay in referral, and early and vigorous management of abnormal labor and complicated labor is essential to halt the problem.
Keywords: Birth asphyxia; neonates; neonatal intensive care unit.
背景:在全球范围内，45%的五岁以下儿童死亡发生在新生儿期，约25%的新生儿死亡是由出生窒息造成的。2015年，在埃塞俄比亚，它是新生儿死亡的第一大原因，其次是早产和败血症。本研究旨在评估新生儿窒息的患病率及相关因素。方法:对2020年12月1日至12月30日入住阿瓦萨大学专科综合医院新生儿重症监护病房的新生儿进行机构横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样技术选取样本。使用Statistical Package for Social sciences version 24进行Logistic回归分析。
结果:本研究中新生儿窒息的发生率为17.9%。延长产程[AOR(调整优势比)= 2.909;(95% CI(置信区间):1.184 - 7.151)]，胎粪的存在[AOR= 2.137;95% CI 1.028 ~ 4.683)]，膜过早破裂[AOR = 2.459;95% CI: 1.021 ~ 6.076)]和分娩并发症[AOR= 3.351;95% CI: 2.142 - 5.871))]，均为新生儿窒息相关因素。
结论和建议:在研究地区，每10个新生儿中就有2个面临围产期窒息。早期识别高危妇女，干预延迟转诊，早期和积极管理异常分娩和复杂分娩是制止问题的关键。
关键词:新生儿窒息;新生儿;新生儿重症监护病房。
{"title":"Birth asphyxia and its associated factors among newborns at a tertiary hospital: evidence from Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Mulugeta Demisse, Rahel Tadesse, Kidist Kerebeza, Yonas Alemayehu, Dawit Hoyiso, Tomas Yeheyis","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Globally, 45% of under-five children death occurs during the neonatal period and about 25% of all neonatal deaths are caused by birth asphyxia. In Ethiopia, in 2015, it was the first cause of neonatal deaths followed by prematurity and sepsis. The study aims to assess prevalence of Birth asphyxia and associated factors.
 Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among neonates admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit of Hawassa University Specialized comprehensive hospital from December 1 to December 30, 2020. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select samples. Logistic regression analysis using Statistical Package for Social sciences version 24was employed.
 Results: The prevalence of neonatal asphyxia in this study was17.9%. Prolonged labor [AOR (Adjusted odds ration) = 2.909; (95% CI (Confidence Interval): 1.184 – 7.151)], presence of meconium [AOR= 2.137; 95% CI 1.028 – 4.683)], premature rapture of membrane [AOR = 2.459; 95% CI: 1.021 – 6.076)] and complication during labor [AOR= 3.351; 95% CI: 2.142 – 5.871))], were factors associated with neonatal asphyxia.
 Conclusion and Recommendations: Nearly two in every ten newborns faced perinatal asphyxia in the study area. Early identification of high-risk women, intervening on delay in referral, and early and vigorous management of abnormal labor and complicated labor is essential to halt the problem.
 Keywords: Birth asphyxia; neonates; neonatal intensive care unit.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iyke F Osinachi, Godwin O Akaba, Nathaniel D Adewole, Kate I Omonua, Bissallah A Ekele
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of paracervical block with intramuscular Diclofenac for pain relief during manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) for early pregnancy losses.
Methodology: This was an open label randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomized into two therapeutic groups (A and B) using computer generated numbers. Group A received intramuscular Diclofenac 75 mg. Group B received paracervical block using 1% Lidocaine. Participants were asked to rate their pain level on a continuous 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 (no pain) to 10 (the worst pain ever) within 5 minutes of completing the procedure. Participants’ level of satisfaction was assessed within 30 minutes of completing the MVA using Likert scale. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), Version 20. Test of statistical significance was set at 95% confidence level (P < 0.05). The primary outcome was the level of pain felt by the patient during the procedure (10 cm VAS). Secondary outcomes included patient’s satisfaction and adverse events.
Results: There was significant difference in the mean pain level between the intramuscular diclofenac group; 6.5±1.5 (moderate) and those that received paracervical block; 2.3±1.5 (mild), (p-value=0.005). Patients’ satisfaction was also better in paracervical block group compared to intramuscular diclofenac group, (p-value=0.005). Both groups were comparable in terms of complications and drug side effects.
Conclusion: Findings from the study suggest that the use of paracervical block compared to intramuscular Diclofenac for pain relief during MVA for incomplete miscarriage significantly reduced pain, improved patients’ satisfaction and was comparably safe.
Keywords: Paracervical block; Diclofenac; Pain relief; Manual vacuum aspiration.
{"title":"A comparative study on the effectiveness of paracervical block and parenteral diclofenac for pain relief during manual vacuum aspiration","authors":"Iyke F Osinachi, Godwin O Akaba, Nathaniel D Adewole, Kate I Omonua, Bissallah A Ekele","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the effectiveness of paracervical block with intramuscular Diclofenac for pain relief during manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) for early pregnancy losses.
 Methodology: This was an open label randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomized into two therapeutic groups (A and B) using computer generated numbers. Group A received intramuscular Diclofenac 75 mg. Group B received paracervical block using 1% Lidocaine. Participants were asked to rate their pain level on a continuous 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 (no pain) to 10 (the worst pain ever) within 5 minutes of completing the procedure. Participants’ level of satisfaction was assessed within 30 minutes of completing the MVA using Likert scale. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), Version 20. Test of statistical significance was set at 95% confidence level (P < 0.05). The primary outcome was the level of pain felt by the patient during the procedure (10 cm VAS). Secondary outcomes included patient’s satisfaction and adverse events.
 Results: There was significant difference in the mean pain level between the intramuscular diclofenac group; 6.5±1.5 (moderate) and those that received paracervical block; 2.3±1.5 (mild), (p-value=0.005). Patients’ satisfaction was also better in paracervical block group compared to intramuscular diclofenac group, (p-value=0.005). Both groups were comparable in terms of complications and drug side effects.
 Conclusion: Findings from the study suggest that the use of paracervical block compared to intramuscular Diclofenac for pain relief during MVA for incomplete miscarriage significantly reduced pain, improved patients’ satisfaction and was comparably safe.
 Keywords: Paracervical block; Diclofenac; Pain relief; Manual vacuum aspiration.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To explore the application value of high-frequency ultrasound combined with ultrasonography in the diagnosis of neonatal esophageal atresia (EA) Methods: Seventy neonates with suspected EA who received healing in our hospital from August 2019 to April 2022 were retrospectively selected as the study subjects and their preoperative esophageal high-frequency ultrasound and ultrasound hydrography data were analysed. The diagnostic value of high-frequency ultrasound, ultrasound hydrography and combined detection in neonatal EA was analysed using intraoperative findings as the gold standard; Results: (1) Among the 70 children with suspected EA, 62 were confirmed to be positive and 8 were negative; 59 were positive and 11 were negative by ultrasound hydrography alone; 61 were positive and 9 were negative by high-frequency ultrasound alone; 62 were positive and 8 were negative by combined detection.(2) The accuracy of combined detection was 97.14%, which was notably different from 92.86% by high-frequency ultrasound and 84.29% by ultrasound hydrography (P < 0.05).(3) The diagnostic AUC of ultrasound hydrography, high-frequency ultrasound, and combined detection for EA was 0.6125, 0.6500, and 0.6563, respectively (P < 0.05).(4) There was no significant variation in the distance between preoperative high-frequency ultrasound, ultrasound hydrography, and intraoperative measurements of distal and proximal blind ends of type IIIA and IIIB EA esophagus (P > 0.05); Conclusion: High frequency ultrasound and super fresh water injection angiography have good application value in the diagnosis of neonatal EA. There is no significant difference between the distance between the distal and proximal blind ends of the esophagus before and during the operation of type III EA and that during the operation of super fresh water injection angiography. However, in consideration of the risk of radiation and poisoning caused by esophagography, it is recommended that high-frequency ultrasound be selected first for diagnosis and if necessary, esophagography be supplemented for joint diagnosis. Keywords: High frequency ultrasound; Ultrasound angiography; Neonatal esophageal atresia; Application value.
{"title":"Application value of high-frequency ultrasound combined with ultrasonography in the diagnosis of neonatal esophageal atresia","authors":"Yurong Ge, Baoyue Xu, Jing Shi, Weiwei Tang","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.63","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore the application value of high-frequency ultrasound combined with ultrasonography in the diagnosis of neonatal esophageal atresia (EA) \u0000Methods: Seventy neonates with suspected EA who received healing in our hospital from August 2019 to April 2022 were retrospectively selected as the study subjects and their preoperative esophageal high-frequency ultrasound and ultrasound hydrography data were analysed. The diagnostic value of high-frequency ultrasound, ultrasound hydrography and combined detection in neonatal EA was analysed using intraoperative findings as the gold standard; \u0000Results: (1) Among the 70 children with suspected EA, 62 were confirmed to be positive and 8 were negative; 59 were positive and 11 were negative by ultrasound hydrography alone; 61 were positive and 9 were negative by high-frequency ultrasound alone; 62 were positive and 8 were negative by combined detection.(2) The accuracy of combined detection was 97.14%, which was notably different from 92.86% by high-frequency ultrasound and 84.29% by ultrasound hydrography (P < 0.05).(3) The diagnostic AUC of ultrasound hydrography, high-frequency ultrasound, and combined detection for EA was 0.6125, 0.6500, and 0.6563, respectively (P < 0.05).(4) There was no significant variation in the distance between preoperative high-frequency ultrasound, ultrasound hydrography, and intraoperative measurements of distal and proximal blind ends of type IIIA and IIIB EA esophagus (P > 0.05); \u0000Conclusion: High frequency ultrasound and super fresh water injection angiography have good application value in the diagnosis of neonatal EA. There is no significant difference between the distance between the distal and proximal blind ends of the esophagus before and during the operation of type III EA and that during the operation of super fresh water injection angiography. However, in consideration of the risk of radiation and poisoning caused by esophagography, it is recommended that high-frequency ultrasound be selected first for diagnosis and if necessary, esophagography be supplemented for joint diagnosis. \u0000Keywords: High frequency ultrasound; Ultrasound angiography; Neonatal esophageal atresia; Application value.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: World Health Organization ranks substance abuse as one of the top twenty health risk factors. It poses a seriouspublic health crisis with a significant burden for affected individuals, families and health systems. This study aimed to identifythe spectrum and pattern of substance use among patients receiving rehabilitative services.
Methods: The study was a cross-sectional design involving 190 patients receiving rehabilitative care for substance use in theUniversity of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), avalidated and reliable tool was employed to obtain data on substance use. Statistical analyses were performed at P<0.05.
Results: The male to female ratio was 4:1. A higher proportion of the patients were within 18-35years category (81.6%; n=155).The commonly used substances were alcohol (90.5%; n=172), cannabis/marijuana (43.7%; n=83), prescription opioids (28.9%;n=55). cigarette (25.8%; n=49), and street opioids (15.8%; n=30). The prevalence of poly substance use was 68.4%(n=130).Age(p=0.033) and sex (being male) (p=0.002) were predictors for number of substances used.
Conclusion: Almost all the patients receiving drug rehabilitative service used alcohol, and approximately 7 in 10 used more thanone substance. The need to inculcate harm reduction in the management protocol is therefore paramount.
Keywords: Substance use; alcohol; cannabis; substance use; rehabilitative care.
{"title":"Spectrum of substance use precipitating rehabilitative services among adult patients in the university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital","authors":"Chukwuma Ugochukwu Okeafor, Irene Esu","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.82","url":null,"abstract":"Background: World Health Organization ranks substance abuse as one of the top twenty health risk factors. It poses a seriouspublic health crisis with a significant burden for affected individuals, families and health systems. This study aimed to identifythe spectrum and pattern of substance use among patients receiving rehabilitative services.
 Methods: The study was a cross-sectional design involving 190 patients receiving rehabilitative care for substance use in theUniversity of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), avalidated and reliable tool was employed to obtain data on substance use. Statistical analyses were performed at P<0.05.
 Results: The male to female ratio was 4:1. A higher proportion of the patients were within 18-35years category (81.6%; n=155).The commonly used substances were alcohol (90.5%; n=172), cannabis/marijuana (43.7%; n=83), prescription opioids (28.9%;n=55). cigarette (25.8%; n=49), and street opioids (15.8%; n=30). The prevalence of poly substance use was 68.4%(n=130).Age(p=0.033) and sex (being male) (p=0.002) were predictors for number of substances used.
 Conclusion: Almost all the patients receiving drug rehabilitative service used alcohol, and approximately 7 in 10 used more thanone substance. The need to inculcate harm reduction in the management protocol is therefore paramount.
 Keywords: Substance use; alcohol; cannabis; substance use; rehabilitative care.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Sickle cell syndrome (SCS) represent a real health problem. In this work, we propose to study the epidemiological and clinical features of 66 patients with SCS.
Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on a population of 66 patients with SCS, (36 S/S, 18 S/β-thalassemia, seven S/C and five S/OArab), over a period of two years.
Results: The average age of our population is 15.5 years ± 8.4. 36 patients (55%) were born to a consanguineous marriage and 35 (53%) had siblings with SCS. The average baseline hemoglobin in our patients is 9.1g/dL±1.51. S/C patients have significantly higher baseline hemoglobin than S/S, S/β-thalassemia and S/OArab with p <0.05. Jaundice, mucosal skin pallor and hepatomegaly have been observed only in S/S, S/β-thalassemia and S/OArab patients. The persistence of splenomegaly is more frequent in S/C than in S/S, and in S/-thalassemia than in S/S. The most common acute complications were vaso-occlusive attacks (69.7%) and worsening of anemia (54.54%). The most common chronic complication was cholelithiasis (36.36%).
Conclusion: S/C patients present the best tolerated form and were the least affected by chronic complications and therefore can lead an almost normal life.
Keywords: Acute complications; chronic complications; sickle cell syndrome; steady state.
{"title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 66 Tunisian Sickle cell syndrome patients","authors":"Ahlem Sahli, Faida Ouali, Rym Dabboubi, Sondess Hadj Fredj, Nabila Meddeb, Naila Mzoughi, Taieb Messaoud","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.26","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sickle cell syndrome (SCS) represent a real health problem. In this work, we propose to study the epidemiological and clinical features of 66 patients with SCS.
 Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on a population of 66 patients with SCS, (36 S/S, 18 S/β-thalassemia, seven S/C and five S/OArab), over a period of two years.
 Results: The average age of our population is 15.5 years ± 8.4. 36 patients (55%) were born to a consanguineous marriage and 35 (53%) had siblings with SCS. The average baseline hemoglobin in our patients is 9.1g/dL±1.51. S/C patients have significantly higher baseline hemoglobin than S/S, S/β-thalassemia and S/OArab with p <0.05. Jaundice, mucosal skin pallor and hepatomegaly have been observed only in S/S, S/β-thalassemia and S/OArab patients. The persistence of splenomegaly is more frequent in S/C than in S/S, and in S/-thalassemia than in S/S. The most common acute complications were vaso-occlusive attacks (69.7%) and worsening of anemia (54.54%). The most common chronic complication was cholelithiasis (36.36%).
 Conclusion: S/C patients present the best tolerated form and were the least affected by chronic complications and therefore can lead an almost normal life.
 Keywords: Acute complications; chronic complications; sickle cell syndrome; steady state.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mustapha Akanji Ajani, Aliyu Lawan, Temitope Oke, Galina Khramtsova, Ifeanyichukwu Nwanji, Ayodeji Salami, Olutosin Awolude, Henry Ebili, Michael E Onwukamuche, Elisabeth Sveen, Toshio Yoshimatsu, Olufunmilayo I Olopade
Background: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from all gynaecological malignancies. Only few biomarkers of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) prognosis have been studied so far among Nigerian patients.
Objective: To determine the pattern of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression in patients with EOC seen in Nigeria
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective multicentre study of 102 cases of epithelial ovarian cancers. Relevant clinical information was obtained from hospital-based records in the 3 participating centres. Tissue microarrays were constructed using representative tumour tissue and the ER, PR and HER2 immunohistochemical staining was carried out at the University of Chicago, United States of America.
Results: Serous carcinomas predominated (71% of cases). ER positivity was observed in 31.4%, PR positivity in 21.5% and HER2/neu in 16.7% of tumours. Fifty-two percent of tumours were triple negative. Serous tumours were significantly associated with ER positivity (p=0.001). Mean patient age for EOC was 52.6 ± 13.1 years. There were no statistically significant associations between hormone receptor status and histological grade, FIGO staging or survival.
Conclusion: Serous tumours were significantly associated with ER expression while non-serous tumours tended to be triple negative.
Keywords: Oestrogen receptor; Progesterone receptor; HER-2 over-expression; Epithelial ovarian cancer.
{"title":"Clinicopathological pattern of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 over-expression of epithelial ovarian carcinomas in Nigeria","authors":"Mustapha Akanji Ajani, Aliyu Lawan, Temitope Oke, Galina Khramtsova, Ifeanyichukwu Nwanji, Ayodeji Salami, Olutosin Awolude, Henry Ebili, Michael E Onwukamuche, Elisabeth Sveen, Toshio Yoshimatsu, Olufunmilayo I Olopade","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.29","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from all gynaecological malignancies. Only few biomarkers of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) prognosis have been studied so far among Nigerian patients.
 Objective: To determine the pattern of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression in patients with EOC seen in Nigeria
 Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective multicentre study of 102 cases of epithelial ovarian cancers. Relevant clinical information was obtained from hospital-based records in the 3 participating centres. Tissue microarrays were constructed using representative tumour tissue and the ER, PR and HER2 immunohistochemical staining was carried out at the University of Chicago, United States of America.
 Results: Serous carcinomas predominated (71% of cases). ER positivity was observed in 31.4%, PR positivity in 21.5% and HER2/neu in 16.7% of tumours. Fifty-two percent of tumours were triple negative. Serous tumours were significantly associated with ER positivity (p=0.001). Mean patient age for EOC was 52.6 ± 13.1 years. There were no statistically significant associations between hormone receptor status and histological grade, FIGO staging or survival.
 Conclusion: Serous tumours were significantly associated with ER expression while non-serous tumours tended to be triple negative.
 Keywords: Oestrogen receptor; Progesterone receptor; HER-2 over-expression; Epithelial ovarian cancer.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aliyu Samaila, Aminu A Biambo, Nuruddeen Usman, Usman M Aliyu, Adamu Abdullahi, Maxwell O Adibe
Background: There are important consequences from cervical cancer (CC) disease and its treatment among survivors, especiallythe impact on quality of life (QoL). Objective: To evaluate the health-related QoL associated with different CC therapies received by patients in two Nigerian tertiaryhospitals. Methods: This study employed a prospective longitudinal design. It was conducted at Usmanu Danfodiyo University TeachingHospital, Sokoto and Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, North-Western Nigeria. Data of all the 157 eligible CCpatients were collected at baseline and after therapy. Data analysis was done with appropriate descriptive and inferential statisticsusing SPSS V. 20 for windows. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Chemotherapy (CT) was the major therapy option received by 78(49.7%) of the patients. Patients who received chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and adjuvant chemotherapy (CTS) had the highest increase in mean overall health-related QoL of 0.138(t=8.456, p<0.001) and 0.138 (t=6.489, p<0.001) higher than their respective baseline scores. Patients who received CT had theleast increase in mean overall health-related QoL of 0.095 (t=4.574, p<0.001) from baseline. Conclusion: Chemoradiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy were associated with highest increase in mean overallhealth-related QoL. Chemotherapy was associated with the least increase in mean overall health-related QoL. Keywords: Cervical cancer; quality of life; therapies.
背景:宫颈癌(CC)疾病及其治疗对幸存者有重要影响，特别是对生活质量(QoL)的影响。目的:评价尼日利亚两所三级医院CC患者与健康相关的生活质量(QoL)。
方法:本研究采用前瞻性纵向设计。研究在索科托的乌斯马努·丹福迪约大学教学医院和尼日利亚西北部的扎里亚的艾哈迈德·贝罗大学教学医院进行。在基线和治疗后收集所有157例符合条件的cci患者的数据。数据分析使用SPSS V. 20 for windows进行适当的描述性和推断性统计。P<0.05认为有统计学意义。
结果:78例(49.7%)患者以化疗(CT)为主。接受放化疗(CRT)和辅助化疗(CTS)的患者的平均总体健康相关生活质量比各自的基线评分提高了0.138(t=8.456, p<0.001)和0.138(t= 6.489, p<0.001)，增幅最大。接受CT治疗的患者与健康相关的平均总体生活质量较基线增加最少，为0.095 (t=4.574, p<0.001)。结论:放化疗和辅助化疗与平均总体健康相关生活质量的最高增加相关。化疗与平均总体健康相关生活质量的增加相关最小。
关键词:宫颈癌;生活质量;疗法。
{"title":"Health-related quality of life associated with different cervical cancer therapies received by patients in two Nigerian tertiary hospitals","authors":"Aliyu Samaila, Aminu A Biambo, Nuruddeen Usman, Usman M Aliyu, Adamu Abdullahi, Maxwell O Adibe","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.32","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are important consequences from cervical cancer (CC) disease and its treatment among survivors, especiallythe impact on quality of life (QoL). \u0000Objective: To evaluate the health-related QoL associated with different CC therapies received by patients in two Nigerian tertiaryhospitals. \u0000Methods: This study employed a prospective longitudinal design. It was conducted at Usmanu Danfodiyo University TeachingHospital, Sokoto and Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, North-Western Nigeria. Data of all the 157 eligible CCpatients were collected at baseline and after therapy. Data analysis was done with appropriate descriptive and inferential statisticsusing SPSS V. 20 for windows. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. \u0000Results: Chemotherapy (CT) was the major therapy option received by 78(49.7%) of the patients. Patients who received chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and adjuvant chemotherapy (CTS) had the highest increase in mean overall health-related QoL of 0.138(t=8.456, p<0.001) and 0.138 (t=6.489, p<0.001) higher than their respective baseline scores. Patients who received CT had theleast increase in mean overall health-related QoL of 0.095 (t=4.574, p<0.001) from baseline. \u0000Conclusion: Chemoradiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy were associated with highest increase in mean overallhealth-related QoL. Chemotherapy was associated with the least increase in mean overall health-related QoL. \u0000Keywords: Cervical cancer; quality of life; therapies.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katrin Middleton, Fungai Mbengo, Thandisizwe Redford Mavundla, George Justus Hofmeyr
Background: Delayed placental separation either after vaginal birth or caesarean birth is an important cause of postpartum haemorrhage, among other causes such as uterine atony. Intra-umbilical oxytocin has been shown to reduce the time to placental delivery after vaginal birth. However, the efficacy of intra-umbilical oxytocin to reduce the time to placental delivery following caesarean section birth is not known.
Objectives: To explore the preliminary efficacy, feasibility and safety of intra-umbilical oxytocin to reduce the time to placental delivery at caesarean section.
Methods: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, exploratory randomized clinical trial was conducted at a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A total of 66 women undergoing elective caesarean section were enrolled in the study and randomized into oxytocin group (n = 33) receiving an intra-umbilical infusion of 20 units of oxytocin in 30ml saline, and placebo group (n = 33) receiving an intra-umbilical infusion of 30ml saline. Data were analysed using Epi Info and RevMan software. Preliminary efficacy was assessed by examining the time elapsed from birth of the baby to complete delivery of the placenta; blood loss more than 500 ml; the need for manual removal of the placenta; and the completeness of the placenta. Feasibility was determined by observing the successful insertion of the catheter and injection of the solution. Safety was evaluated by investigating adverse effects of the procedure.
Results: Four women (12%) in the placebo group had a delayed placental delivery compared to one (3%) in the oxytocin group. The mean time from birth to placental delivery was 159 (SD 61) seconds in the placebo group and 143 (SD 45) seconds in the oxytocin group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Feasibility of the procedure was confirmed by successful insertion of the catheter and injection of the majority of the solution in all 66 cases. No adverse effects of the procedure were identified.
Conclusion: Administration of intra-umbilical oxytocin is feasible, safe and has potential to reduce the time of placental delivery at caesarean section. Further studies involving larger sample sizes are justified.
Keywords: Caesarean section; intra-umbilical oxytocin; postpartum haemorrhage.
{"title":"Preliminary efficacy, feasibility and safety of intra-umbilical oxytocin to reduce the time to placental delivery at caesarean section: an exploratory randomized trial","authors":"Katrin Middleton, Fungai Mbengo, Thandisizwe Redford Mavundla, George Justus Hofmeyr","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Delayed placental separation either after vaginal birth or caesarean birth is an important cause of postpartum haemorrhage, among other causes such as uterine atony. Intra-umbilical oxytocin has been shown to reduce the time to placental delivery after vaginal birth. However, the efficacy of intra-umbilical oxytocin to reduce the time to placental delivery following caesarean section birth is not known.
 Objectives: To explore the preliminary efficacy, feasibility and safety of intra-umbilical oxytocin to reduce the time to placental delivery at caesarean section.
 Methods: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, exploratory randomized clinical trial was conducted at a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A total of 66 women undergoing elective caesarean section were enrolled in the study and randomized into oxytocin group (n = 33) receiving an intra-umbilical infusion of 20 units of oxytocin in 30ml saline, and placebo group (n = 33) receiving an intra-umbilical infusion of 30ml saline. Data were analysed using Epi Info and RevMan software. Preliminary efficacy was assessed by examining the time elapsed from birth of the baby to complete delivery of the placenta; blood loss more than 500 ml; the need for manual removal of the placenta; and the completeness of the placenta. Feasibility was determined by observing the successful insertion of the catheter and injection of the solution. Safety was evaluated by investigating adverse effects of the procedure.
 Results: Four women (12%) in the placebo group had a delayed placental delivery compared to one (3%) in the oxytocin group. The mean time from birth to placental delivery was 159 (SD 61) seconds in the placebo group and 143 (SD 45) seconds in the oxytocin group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Feasibility of the procedure was confirmed by successful insertion of the catheter and injection of the majority of the solution in all 66 cases. No adverse effects of the procedure were identified.
 Conclusion: Administration of intra-umbilical oxytocin is feasible, safe and has potential to reduce the time of placental delivery at caesarean section. Further studies involving larger sample sizes are justified.
 Keywords: Caesarean section; intra-umbilical oxytocin; postpartum haemorrhage.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This study evaluated pregnant women’s perception and level of satisfaction with quality of antenatal care receivedat Plateau State Specialist Hospital.
Materials and Methods: The study employed a hospital-based cross-sectional design. Convenience sampling was used toselect two hundred and thirty-eight (238) women attending antenatal clinic at the Plateau State Specialist Hospital. A validatedsemi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire with a Cronbach’s Alpha score of 0.83 was used for data collection. Respondent’s perception was measured on a 36-point rating scale and the level of satisfaction on a 9-point rating scale. Data wassubjected to descriptive analysis and Pearson’s correlation was used to test for hypothesis.
Results: The mean age was 28.79 years. Most of the respondents were married (81.9%), twenty-eight percent of the respondentshad two children. The respondent’s perception of quality of antenatal care shows a mean score of 25.0± 4.61 whichindicates that the respondents had positive perception of the quality of antenatal care (69.4%). Also, the respondent’s level ofsatisfaction with the quality of antenatal care received shows a mean score of 6.50 ± 1.8 indicating that they were very satisfied(72.2%) with quality of antenatal care. There was a significant relationship between the respondent’s perception of the qualityof antenatal care and level of satisfaction of the quality of antenatal care service (r= 0.43; p< 0.003).
Conclusion: The respondents had positive perception and are satisfied with the quality of antenatal care services received. APeriodic patient satisfaction survey should be established as part of the antenatal evaluation to provide feedback for continuousquality improvement.
Keywords: Antenatal care; perception; level of satisfaction; Plateau.
{"title":"Perception and level of satisfaction with the quality of antenatal care services among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at plateau state specialist hospital, Jos, Nigeria","authors":"Olaoye Titilayo, Oyerinde Oyewole, Aguiyi Chidera, Mercy Omosuzi","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study evaluated pregnant women’s perception and level of satisfaction with quality of antenatal care receivedat Plateau State Specialist Hospital.
 Materials and Methods: The study employed a hospital-based cross-sectional design. Convenience sampling was used toselect two hundred and thirty-eight (238) women attending antenatal clinic at the Plateau State Specialist Hospital. A validatedsemi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire with a Cronbach’s Alpha score of 0.83 was used for data collection. Respondent’s perception was measured on a 36-point rating scale and the level of satisfaction on a 9-point rating scale. Data wassubjected to descriptive analysis and Pearson’s correlation was used to test for hypothesis.
 Results: The mean age was 28.79 years. Most of the respondents were married (81.9%), twenty-eight percent of the respondentshad two children. The respondent’s perception of quality of antenatal care shows a mean score of 25.0± 4.61 whichindicates that the respondents had positive perception of the quality of antenatal care (69.4%). Also, the respondent’s level ofsatisfaction with the quality of antenatal care received shows a mean score of 6.50 ± 1.8 indicating that they were very satisfied(72.2%) with quality of antenatal care. There was a significant relationship between the respondent’s perception of the qualityof antenatal care and level of satisfaction of the quality of antenatal care service (r= 0.43; p< 0.003).
 Conclusion: The respondents had positive perception and are satisfied with the quality of antenatal care services received. APeriodic patient satisfaction survey should be established as part of the antenatal evaluation to provide feedback for continuousquality improvement.
 Keywords: Antenatal care; perception; level of satisfaction; Plateau.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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