R. Settineri, Jie Zhou, Jin Ji, Rita R. Ellithorpe, S. Rosenblatt, Antonio Jimenez, S. Ohta, G. Ferreira, G. Nicolson
Hydrogenized water is known to have protective effects on cells and tissues, mainly through its antioxidant activities. Here we examined the protective effects of a commercial source of hydrogenized water on cultured human brain cells. Hydrogenized water was able to protect brain cells from oxidative stress and glutamate toxicity. At H2 concentrations above 0.01 mM the glutathione levels increased in cultured brain cells. The level of glutathione rose from approximately 500 to approximately 850 μM at the maximum dose of hydrogenized water with an EC50 of approximately 0.030 mM. Hydrogenized water was also able to enhance the signaling pathway for oxidative stress response mediated by Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2 like factor). Treatment of cells with hydrogenized water at concentrations above 0.01 mM H2 induced activation of Nrf2 (EC50 approximately 0.05 mM). Hydrogenized water was also able to protect brain cells against glutamate toxicity. Using a DNA damage response element, (γH2AX, to monitor the damage of glutamate toxicity we found that concentrations of H2 above 0.01 mM protected cells from glutamate damage with an EC50 of approximately 0.05 mM H2. These in vitro results demonstrated that hydrogenized water can protect brain cells against common types of damage from oxidative stress and glutamate toxicity.
{"title":"Hydrogenized Water Effects on Protection of Brain Cells from Oxidative Stress and Glutamate Toxicity","authors":"R. Settineri, Jie Zhou, Jin Ji, Rita R. Ellithorpe, S. Rosenblatt, Antonio Jimenez, S. Ohta, G. Ferreira, G. Nicolson","doi":"10.12691/AJFN-6-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJFN-6-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogenized water is known to have protective effects on cells and tissues, mainly through its antioxidant activities. Here we examined the protective effects of a commercial source of hydrogenized water on cultured human brain cells. Hydrogenized water was able to protect brain cells from oxidative stress and glutamate toxicity. At H2 concentrations above 0.01 mM the glutathione levels increased in cultured brain cells. The level of glutathione rose from approximately 500 to approximately 850 μM at the maximum dose of hydrogenized water with an EC50 of approximately 0.030 mM. Hydrogenized water was also able to enhance the signaling pathway for oxidative stress response mediated by Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2 like factor). Treatment of cells with hydrogenized water at concentrations above 0.01 mM H2 induced activation of Nrf2 (EC50 approximately 0.05 mM). Hydrogenized water was also able to protect brain cells against glutamate toxicity. Using a DNA damage response element, (γH2AX, to monitor the damage of glutamate toxicity we found that concentrations of H2 above 0.01 mM protected cells from glutamate damage with an EC50 of approximately 0.05 mM H2. These in vitro results demonstrated that hydrogenized water can protect brain cells against common types of damage from oxidative stress and glutamate toxicity.","PeriodicalId":7859,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food and Nutrition","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82442891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Settineri, Jin Ji, C.-H. Luo, Rita R. Ellithorpe, Gonzalo Ferreira de Mattos, S. Rosenblatt, J. Lavalle, Antonio Jinenez, S. Ohta, G. Nicolson
Hydrogen has been shown in several clinical trials to be completely safe without adverse events and there are no warnings in the literature of its toxicity or adverse effects during long-term exposure. Molecular hydrogen has proven useful and convenient as a novel antioxidant and modifier of gene expression in many conditions where oxidative stress and changes in gene expression result in cellular damage. Our intracellular biomarker studies have shown that a hydrogenized water drink formula containing 2.6 ppm dissolved hydrogen was able to penetrate cellular membranes and function as an antioxidant in human liver cells (HePG2) utilizing the Cellular Antioxidant Assay (CAA). This assay uses the protection of a florescent probe as a marker for cellular damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as peroxyl radical, and compares this to the known antioxidant standard, Quercetin. Using this system oxidative damage was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. One ml of hydrogenized water was found to possess antioxidant capacity equivalent to 0.05 µmole of quercetin. When examined in a human colon cell line (Caco-2 cells), hydrogenized water demonstrated a dose- and time-dependent permeability inhibition of an intracellular fluorescent glucose derivative (2-NBDG), indicating decreased glucose uptake. In another study, the impact of hydrogenized water on Akt phosphorylation (Ser473), a biomarker for insulin signaling, was monitored in human skeletal muscle cells. The hydrogenized water treatment markedly elevated the level of phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-aging effects of hydrogenized water were examined utilizing SIRT1 expression as a biomarker of aging in human umbilical cells (HUVECs). Hydrogenized water increased dose-dependent SIRT1 gene expression. Hydrogenized water also increased telomerase activity (an anti-aging biomarker in HUVEC cells) up to 148% when cells were treated with media containing 25% hydrogenized water formula. Increased telomerase activity caused by hydrogenized water may be able to protect telomeres from degradation, suggesting the possible use of hydrogenized water in therapeutic interventions of age-related diseases. These studies show that commercial hydrogenized water improved the levels or activities of a few intracellular biomarkers specific for antioxidant activity, glucose uptake, insulin signaling and SIRT 1 and telomerase activities. Industrial Relevance: The molecular hydrogen used in this study indicates that certain commercial sources of hydrogenized water can provide similar antioxidant and gene expression modifications seen in other sources of molecular hydrogen. The biomarkers evaluated here lend well to hydrogenized water’s biological activity relating to health conditions and aging.
{"title":"Effects of Hydrogenized Water on Intracellular Biomarkers for Antioxidants, Glucose Uptake, Insulin Signaling and SIRT 1 and Telomerase Activity","authors":"R. Settineri, Jin Ji, C.-H. Luo, Rita R. Ellithorpe, Gonzalo Ferreira de Mattos, S. Rosenblatt, J. Lavalle, Antonio Jinenez, S. Ohta, G. Nicolson","doi":"10.12691/AJFN-4-6-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJFN-4-6-4","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen has been shown in several clinical trials to be completely safe without adverse events and there are no warnings in the literature of its toxicity or adverse effects during long-term exposure. Molecular hydrogen has proven useful and convenient as a novel antioxidant and modifier of gene expression in many conditions where oxidative stress and changes in gene expression result in cellular damage. Our intracellular biomarker studies have shown that a hydrogenized water drink formula containing 2.6 ppm dissolved hydrogen was able to penetrate cellular membranes and function as an antioxidant in human liver cells (HePG2) utilizing the Cellular Antioxidant Assay (CAA). This assay uses the protection of a florescent probe as a marker for cellular damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as peroxyl radical, and compares this to the known antioxidant standard, Quercetin. Using this system oxidative damage was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. One ml of hydrogenized water was found to possess antioxidant capacity equivalent to 0.05 µmole of quercetin. When examined in a human colon cell line (Caco-2 cells), hydrogenized water demonstrated a dose- and time-dependent permeability inhibition of an intracellular fluorescent glucose derivative (2-NBDG), indicating decreased glucose uptake. In another study, the impact of hydrogenized water on Akt phosphorylation (Ser473), a biomarker for insulin signaling, was monitored in human skeletal muscle cells. The hydrogenized water treatment markedly elevated the level of phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-aging effects of hydrogenized water were examined utilizing SIRT1 expression as a biomarker of aging in human umbilical cells (HUVECs). Hydrogenized water increased dose-dependent SIRT1 gene expression. Hydrogenized water also increased telomerase activity (an anti-aging biomarker in HUVEC cells) up to 148% when cells were treated with media containing 25% hydrogenized water formula. Increased telomerase activity caused by hydrogenized water may be able to protect telomeres from degradation, suggesting the possible use of hydrogenized water in therapeutic interventions of age-related diseases. These studies show that commercial hydrogenized water improved the levels or activities of a few intracellular biomarkers specific for antioxidant activity, glucose uptake, insulin signaling and SIRT 1 and telomerase activities. Industrial Relevance: The molecular hydrogen used in this study indicates that certain commercial sources of hydrogenized water can provide similar antioxidant and gene expression modifications seen in other sources of molecular hydrogen. The biomarkers evaluated here lend well to hydrogenized water’s biological activity relating to health conditions and aging.","PeriodicalId":7859,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food and Nutrition","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91489158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Ferrão, Bell, E. Chaquisse, C. Garrine, T. Fernandes
Background: Mushrooms have been widely used as medicinal products. In developed countries, only in the past few decades, special attention has been given to dietary supplements as sources to improve health and wellness. Aim of the study: This review critically assessed the mode of action of mushrooms, their extracts and biomass, following our research on mode of action, efficacy and safety of mushroom nutrition. Results: The nutritional role of mushroom products, as indirect probiotics, as direct prebiotics or as both (synbiotics), is justified by their influence on the inflammation process and on the gut microbioma through their contents of β-glucans, enzymes, and secondary metabolites. A possible new concept is advanced, that ultra-trace elements (e.g. germanium) may play an eventual prebiotic complementary role on the mode of action of mushrooms. Conclusion: The special properties of mushrooms along with their minimal side effects make them ideal candidates for developing novel dietary supplements and therapies.
{"title":"The Synbiotic Role of Mushrooms: is Germanium a Bioactive Prebiotic Player? A Review Article","authors":"J. Ferrão, Bell, E. Chaquisse, C. Garrine, T. Fernandes","doi":"10.12691/AJFN-7-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJFN-7-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mushrooms have been widely used as medicinal products. In developed countries, only in the past few decades, special attention has been given to dietary supplements as sources to improve health and wellness. Aim of the study: This review critically assessed the mode of action of mushrooms, their extracts and biomass, following our research on mode of action, efficacy and safety of mushroom nutrition. Results: The nutritional role of mushroom products, as indirect probiotics, as direct prebiotics or as both (synbiotics), is justified by their influence on the inflammation process and on the gut microbioma through their contents of β-glucans, enzymes, and secondary metabolites. A possible new concept is advanced, that ultra-trace elements (e.g. germanium) may play an eventual prebiotic complementary role on the mode of action of mushrooms. Conclusion: The special properties of mushrooms along with their minimal side effects make them ideal candidates for developing novel dietary supplements and therapies.","PeriodicalId":7859,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food and Nutrition","volume":"126 1","pages":"26-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74920884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabagate Hadja Mawa Fatim, T. Souleymane, Cissé Mohamed, Soro Doudjo, B. Kouakou
The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional potential of the Saba pulp for better valorisation. The study was carried out on the fruit of Saba Senegalensis collected in the north area of Cote d'Ivoire. After the pulp extraction, the biochemical analyses were determined. Macronutrients (total carbohydrate, proteins and fat content), micronutrients (mineral and vitamin) and nutritional profile of the pulp were determined. The results showed that proteins and fat content (2.91 ± 0.51%) and (1.48 ± 0.21 %) respectively were lower in the Saba pulp. On the other hand, total carbohydrate (8.42 ± 0.74 %) and total sugar (6.13 ± 0.12 %) were higher in this pulp. The results showed that Saba pulp was rich in potassium (116.6 ± 2.06 mg/100g), vitamin C (36.67 ± 2.22 mg/100g) and β-carotene (189.62 ± 1.33µg/100g). It contains also phytonutrients such as total phenols (264.76 ± 4.54 mg/100g) and the antinutritionals factors such as phytates (31.18 ± 0.13 mg/100g). The nutrient profile by the determination of scores SAIN > 5 and LIM Saba senegalensis pulp in food of group 1, recommended foods for health. Due to the high energy value, Saba fruit could be recommended as a local juice to prevent certain pathology of the malnutrition.
{"title":"Biochemical Characterization and Nutritional Profile of the Pulp of Saba senegalensis from Côte d'Ivoire Forest","authors":"Diabagate Hadja Mawa Fatim, T. Souleymane, Cissé Mohamed, Soro Doudjo, B. Kouakou","doi":"10.12691/AJFN-7-1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJFN-7-1-4","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional potential of the Saba pulp for better valorisation. The study was carried out on the fruit of Saba Senegalensis collected in the north area of Cote d'Ivoire. After the pulp extraction, the biochemical analyses were determined. Macronutrients (total carbohydrate, proteins and fat content), micronutrients (mineral and vitamin) and nutritional profile of the pulp were determined. The results showed that proteins and fat content (2.91 ± 0.51%) and (1.48 ± 0.21 %) respectively were lower in the Saba pulp. On the other hand, total carbohydrate (8.42 ± 0.74 %) and total sugar (6.13 ± 0.12 %) were higher in this pulp. The results showed that Saba pulp was rich in potassium (116.6 ± 2.06 mg/100g), vitamin C (36.67 ± 2.22 mg/100g) and β-carotene (189.62 ± 1.33µg/100g). It contains also phytonutrients such as total phenols (264.76 ± 4.54 mg/100g) and the antinutritionals factors such as phytates (31.18 ± 0.13 mg/100g). The nutrient profile by the determination of scores SAIN > 5 and LIM Saba senegalensis pulp in food of group 1, recommended foods for health. Due to the high energy value, Saba fruit could be recommended as a local juice to prevent certain pathology of the malnutrition.","PeriodicalId":7859,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food and Nutrition","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76295729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adequate knowledge of nutritional status and health of pregnant women is very important because it determines the health of the developing foetus due to the connection between the mother and child. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge and attitude towards adequate diet practices of pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic at University College Hospital and Adeoyo Maternity Hospital. A total of 386 pregnant women were randomly selected from the two (2) hospitals and a well-structured questionnaire was used for collection of data. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. More than half (58.8%) of the respondents were within the age group 26-30 years old. Results revealed that 65% of the respondents have fair knowledge of nutritional diet during pregnancy while 35% of them have good knowledge of nutritional diet during pregnancy respectively. Furthermore, most (66.7%) of the respondents have positive attitude towards adequate diet during pregnancy while 33.3% have negative attitude towards adequate diet during pregnancy respectively. The pregnant women were not eating more quantity and variety of foods more than what they normally consume before pregnancy nor took dairy products daily in their meal and also claimed inability to afford sufficient quantity and quality of adequate diet recommended for them. Based on respondents lifestyle, results indicated that majority (69.9%) of the respondents engaged in physical exercise in form of brisk walking and dancing. This study suggest that pregnant women needs to be educated on nutrition and practices of adequate diet during pregnancy.
{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude towards Adequate Diet Practices of Pregnant Women Attending Ante-natal Clinic at University College and Adeoyo Maternity Hospitals, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Balogun, G. Fadupin, I. Deniran","doi":"10.12691/AJFN-7-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJFN-7-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"Adequate knowledge of nutritional status and health of pregnant women is very important because it determines the health of the developing foetus due to the connection between the mother and child. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge and attitude towards adequate diet practices of pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic at University College Hospital and Adeoyo Maternity Hospital. A total of 386 pregnant women were randomly selected from the two (2) hospitals and a well-structured questionnaire was used for collection of data. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. More than half (58.8%) of the respondents were within the age group 26-30 years old. Results revealed that 65% of the respondents have fair knowledge of nutritional diet during pregnancy while 35% of them have good knowledge of nutritional diet during pregnancy respectively. Furthermore, most (66.7%) of the respondents have positive attitude towards adequate diet during pregnancy while 33.3% have negative attitude towards adequate diet during pregnancy respectively. The pregnant women were not eating more quantity and variety of foods more than what they normally consume before pregnancy nor took dairy products daily in their meal and also claimed inability to afford sufficient quantity and quality of adequate diet recommended for them. Based on respondents lifestyle, results indicated that majority (69.9%) of the respondents engaged in physical exercise in form of brisk walking and dancing. This study suggest that pregnant women needs to be educated on nutrition and practices of adequate diet during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":7859,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food and Nutrition","volume":"16 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77736133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marzan Sarkar, M. Hasan, Sujan Bhowmick, J. Hussain, M. Haque, Md. Asaduzzaman Khan, S. Hossain
Neolamarckia cadamba, (Roxb.) is commonly grown in different regions of Bangladesh, India also in some other parts of the world. The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-oxidative and erythrocyte membrane stabilizing effect of fruit extract along with the nutritional values of ripen fresh N. cadamba fruit. The antioxidant potential of the extract was assessed by its 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging activity, anti-hemolysis and anti-lipid peroxide assay. Membrane stabilizing effect of N. cadamba extract was assessed by using hypotonic solution- and heat-induced hemolysis of erythrocytes. Nutritional values such as total protein, lipid, carbohydrate, crude fiber, etc., along with minerals (Na, K, Mg and Fe) were analyzed by different established chemical methods. The water and ethanolic extracts of ripen fruit showed antioxidative and membrane stabilizing activity, and the extracts were found rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, β-carotene, lycopene and Vitamin-C. The fruits were also found rich in minerals. Thus, N. cadamba fruit could be used as a good source of food nutrients. Due to its antioxidative and membrane stabilizing property, this fruit could have a promising role to avert hemolysis-related anemia, as seen inevitable during famine-related malnutrition.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Anti-oxidative, Erythrocyte Membrane Stabilizing Effect and Nutritional Status of Neolamarckia cadamba Fruit","authors":"Marzan Sarkar, M. Hasan, Sujan Bhowmick, J. Hussain, M. Haque, Md. Asaduzzaman Khan, S. Hossain","doi":"10.12691/ajfn-7-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajfn-7-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"Neolamarckia cadamba, (Roxb.) is commonly grown in different regions of Bangladesh, India also in some other parts of the world. The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-oxidative and erythrocyte membrane stabilizing effect of fruit extract along with the nutritional values of ripen fresh N. cadamba fruit. The antioxidant potential of the extract was assessed by its 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging activity, anti-hemolysis and anti-lipid peroxide assay. Membrane stabilizing effect of N. cadamba extract was assessed by using hypotonic solution- and heat-induced hemolysis of erythrocytes. Nutritional values such as total protein, lipid, carbohydrate, crude fiber, etc., along with minerals (Na, K, Mg and Fe) were analyzed by different established chemical methods. The water and ethanolic extracts of ripen fruit showed antioxidative and membrane stabilizing activity, and the extracts were found rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, β-carotene, lycopene and Vitamin-C. The fruits were also found rich in minerals. Thus, N. cadamba fruit could be used as a good source of food nutrients. Due to its antioxidative and membrane stabilizing property, this fruit could have a promising role to avert hemolysis-related anemia, as seen inevitable during famine-related malnutrition.","PeriodicalId":7859,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food and Nutrition","volume":"15 1","pages":"6-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85024612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Childhood Obesity is a major problem worldwide. In Saudi Arabia the childhood obesity has an upward trend compared with past tow decade. Appropriate activity engagement of children and adolescent in sports and physical activity is a fundamental goal of obesity prevention. This Review highlights the lack of current evidence of physical inactivity and its relation with high prevalence of obesity among Saudi children. Thus, recommendations to attempt strategies and policies to enhance the physical activity level in the society of Saudi Arabia is discussed.
{"title":"Childhood Obesity and It’s Association with Physical Activity in Saudi Arabia: A Systemic Review","authors":"S. Alqurashi, N. Eid","doi":"10.12691/AJFN-7-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJFN-7-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood Obesity is a major problem worldwide. In Saudi Arabia the childhood obesity has an upward trend compared with past tow decade. Appropriate activity engagement of children and adolescent in sports and physical activity is a fundamental goal of obesity prevention. This Review highlights the lack of current evidence of physical inactivity and its relation with high prevalence of obesity among Saudi children. Thus, recommendations to attempt strategies and policies to enhance the physical activity level in the society of Saudi Arabia is discussed.","PeriodicalId":7859,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food and Nutrition","volume":"71 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78494061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivan M. Petyaev, Marek Orłowski, V. Klochkov, N. Chalyk, N. Kyle, Ernest Bucior, Y. Bashmakov
Oxidative stress and antioxidant deficiency are contributing factors in aging, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. The effect of highly bioavailable polyphenols of lycosome-formulated dark chocolate (DC) containing co-crystallized astaxanthin (LF-DC-ASTX) on parameters of biological oxidation was investigated in this work. 94 healthy middle-aged volunteers (48 male, 46 female, 45 – 65 years old) were enrolled and randomized into four study groups. The 1st group were instructed to ingest conventional control DC (7.5 g). The 2nd group were asked to ingest capsules containing either 4 mg or 7 mg astaxanthin (ASTX), an algal antioxidant. The 3rd group were given DC bars (7.5 g) and 4 mg ASTX capsules for co-ingestion as two separate formulations. The 4th group were instructed to ingest LF-DC-ASTX containing different amounts of ASTX (1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg or 7 mg) co-crystallized with 7.5 g of DC matrix. Each product was ingested once daily after breakfast for a period of 1 month. Serum levels of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) were measured after completion of 2 and 4 weeks of the study. No significant changes were observed in the values for ox-LDL or MDA concentrations in serum irrespective of cocoa content (70%, 72% or 85%) or duration of control DC intake. In contrast, ingestion of different doses of ASTX, as a single formulation, translated into reduction of oxidation markers without any dose-dependency. The inhibition of ox-LDL in volunteers following co-ingestion of DC and ASTX as two separate formulations was far greater than that seen for ASTX alone, revealing some additive effect of DC on lipid oxidation parameters. The inhibition of both oxidative markers was dose-dependent reflecting amount of ASTX in the DC matrix. These results may reflect greater bioavailability and improved pharmacokinetics for cocoa flavanols and ASTX following ingestion of LF-DC-ASTX. Therefore, nutraceutical formulations of DC fortified with ASTX can be successfully used for management of oxidative disorders associated with increased levels of ox-LDL.
{"title":"Astaxanthin Co-Crystallized With Dark Chocolate Causes a Dose-dependent Inhibition of Oxidation Markers in Middle-aged Volunteers","authors":"Ivan M. Petyaev, Marek Orłowski, V. Klochkov, N. Chalyk, N. Kyle, Ernest Bucior, Y. Bashmakov","doi":"10.12691/AJFN-6-5-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJFN-6-5-3","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress and antioxidant deficiency are contributing factors in aging, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. The effect of highly bioavailable polyphenols of lycosome-formulated dark chocolate (DC) containing co-crystallized astaxanthin (LF-DC-ASTX) on parameters of biological oxidation was investigated in this work. 94 healthy middle-aged volunteers (48 male, 46 female, 45 – 65 years old) were enrolled and randomized into four study groups. The 1st group were instructed to ingest conventional control DC (7.5 g). The 2nd group were asked to ingest capsules containing either 4 mg or 7 mg astaxanthin (ASTX), an algal antioxidant. The 3rd group were given DC bars (7.5 g) and 4 mg ASTX capsules for co-ingestion as two separate formulations. The 4th group were instructed to ingest LF-DC-ASTX containing different amounts of ASTX (1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg or 7 mg) co-crystallized with 7.5 g of DC matrix. Each product was ingested once daily after breakfast for a period of 1 month. Serum levels of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) were measured after completion of 2 and 4 weeks of the study. No significant changes were observed in the values for ox-LDL or MDA concentrations in serum irrespective of cocoa content (70%, 72% or 85%) or duration of control DC intake. In contrast, ingestion of different doses of ASTX, as a single formulation, translated into reduction of oxidation markers without any dose-dependency. The inhibition of ox-LDL in volunteers following co-ingestion of DC and ASTX as two separate formulations was far greater than that seen for ASTX alone, revealing some additive effect of DC on lipid oxidation parameters. The inhibition of both oxidative markers was dose-dependent reflecting amount of ASTX in the DC matrix. These results may reflect greater bioavailability and improved pharmacokinetics for cocoa flavanols and ASTX following ingestion of LF-DC-ASTX. Therefore, nutraceutical formulations of DC fortified with ASTX can be successfully used for management of oxidative disorders associated with increased levels of ox-LDL.","PeriodicalId":7859,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food and Nutrition","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81875925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Abe-Inge, Christine Arthur, J. K. Agbenorhevi, F. M. Kpodo
African palmyra palm (Borassus aethiopum) grows widely across Africa. Previous studies indicated its fruit flour has a great potential in food applications. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of different drying methods on the mineral composition, antioxidant properties, anti-nutrient composition and phytochemical composition of the African palmyra palm (APP) flour. The fresh fruit pulp was obtained, freeze dried, oven dried, solar dried and milled into flour. Phytochemical screening, mineral analysis, anti-nutrient analysis and antioxidant analysis were conducted on the flour obtained according to standard methods. The flour had high total phenols (1518.00 - 3896.71 mg GAE/100g), potassium (237.00 - 276.73 mg/100g), magnesium (211.61 - 293.62 mg/100g) and saponin (36.10 – 55.62 g/100g). The flour samples also had considerable free radical scavenging activities. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of several phytochemicals including glycosides. Drying had a significant effect on the analysed composition of APP flour.
{"title":"Mineral Composition, Antioxidant Properties, Phytochemical and Anti-nutrient Composition of African Palmyra Palm (Borassus aethiopum) Fruit Flour","authors":"V. Abe-Inge, Christine Arthur, J. K. Agbenorhevi, F. M. Kpodo","doi":"10.12691/AJFN-6-5-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJFN-6-5-2","url":null,"abstract":"African palmyra palm (Borassus aethiopum) grows widely across Africa. Previous studies indicated its fruit flour has a great potential in food applications. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of different drying methods on the mineral composition, antioxidant properties, anti-nutrient composition and phytochemical composition of the African palmyra palm (APP) flour. The fresh fruit pulp was obtained, freeze dried, oven dried, solar dried and milled into flour. Phytochemical screening, mineral analysis, anti-nutrient analysis and antioxidant analysis were conducted on the flour obtained according to standard methods. The flour had high total phenols (1518.00 - 3896.71 mg GAE/100g), potassium (237.00 - 276.73 mg/100g), magnesium (211.61 - 293.62 mg/100g) and saponin (36.10 – 55.62 g/100g). The flour samples also had considerable free radical scavenging activities. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of several phytochemicals including glycosides. Drying had a significant effect on the analysed composition of APP flour.","PeriodicalId":7859,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food and Nutrition","volume":"14 1","pages":"143-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90482267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bamba Mandoué Stéphanie, G. G. Albarin, O. Baptiste, B. Kouakou
Formulated Infant flours and fortified with omega-3 fatty acids were evaluated in vivo. Three groups of five growing Wistar rats aged from 21 ± 3 days with an average weight of 43.41± 0,32 grams were fed with Omega 3 fatty acids fortified Infant flours (FMMS: Infant flour fortified with a whole soy flour and FMMHHP: infant flour fortified with a mackerel oil). Nutritional parameters (weight gain, total dry matter intake and feed efficiency ratio), the lipid profile of their serum and weight of organs (liver, spleen, brain, adipose tissue) were performed at the end of experiment. Weight gain (WG: 2.36 g / day), total dry matter intake (DMI: 10.75 g / day) and feed efficiency ratio (FE: 0.22) for FMMS and (WG: 1.63 g / day; DMI: 9. 22 g / day, FE: 0.18) for FMMHHP were higher than those of rats fed to non-fortified flour FMMHA (WG: 0.72 g / day, DMI: 7.17 g / day, FE: 0.10). The values of total cholesterol (0.64 and 0.66 mg / dl), triglycerides (0.88 and 0.98 mg / dl) and LDL cholesterol (0.05 and 0.11 mg / dl) of rats fed with fortified flours FMMS and FMMHHP were lower than those of rats fed with non-fortified infant flours (FMMHA) (total cholesterol 0.85 mg / dl, triglycerides 1.09 mg / dl, LDL cholesterol 0.24 mg / dl). The HDL cholesterol values (0.40 to 0.45 mg / dl) obtained in the rats that consumed the fortified flours was higher than value obtained in the rats that had consumed the non-fortified flour (0.32 mg / dl). The consumption of omega 3 fortified flours also resulted in a significant decrease in serum levels of total and LDL cholesterol and an increase in serum HDL cholesterol levels in the rat. The consumption of these fortified infant flours does not lead to hyperlipidemia in growing rats.
{"title":"In Vivo Evaluation of Omega 3 Fatty Acids Fortified Infant Flours in Relation with the Growth and the Lipid Profile of Rats","authors":"Bamba Mandoué Stéphanie, G. G. Albarin, O. Baptiste, B. Kouakou","doi":"10.12691/AJFN-6-5-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJFN-6-5-1","url":null,"abstract":"Formulated Infant flours and fortified with omega-3 fatty acids were evaluated in vivo. Three groups of five growing Wistar rats aged from 21 ± 3 days with an average weight of 43.41± 0,32 grams were fed with Omega 3 fatty acids fortified Infant flours (FMMS: Infant flour fortified with a whole soy flour and FMMHHP: infant flour fortified with a mackerel oil). Nutritional parameters (weight gain, total dry matter intake and feed efficiency ratio), the lipid profile of their serum and weight of organs (liver, spleen, brain, adipose tissue) were performed at the end of experiment. Weight gain (WG: 2.36 g / day), total dry matter intake (DMI: 10.75 g / day) and feed efficiency ratio (FE: 0.22) for FMMS and (WG: 1.63 g / day; DMI: 9. 22 g / day, FE: 0.18) for FMMHHP were higher than those of rats fed to non-fortified flour FMMHA (WG: 0.72 g / day, DMI: 7.17 g / day, FE: 0.10). The values of total cholesterol (0.64 and 0.66 mg / dl), triglycerides (0.88 and 0.98 mg / dl) and LDL cholesterol (0.05 and 0.11 mg / dl) of rats fed with fortified flours FMMS and FMMHHP were lower than those of rats fed with non-fortified infant flours (FMMHA) (total cholesterol 0.85 mg / dl, triglycerides 1.09 mg / dl, LDL cholesterol 0.24 mg / dl). The HDL cholesterol values (0.40 to 0.45 mg / dl) obtained in the rats that consumed the fortified flours was higher than value obtained in the rats that had consumed the non-fortified flour (0.32 mg / dl). The consumption of omega 3 fortified flours also resulted in a significant decrease in serum levels of total and LDL cholesterol and an increase in serum HDL cholesterol levels in the rat. The consumption of these fortified infant flours does not lead to hyperlipidemia in growing rats.","PeriodicalId":7859,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food and Nutrition","volume":"66 1","pages":"135-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84008713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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