Promotion & education最新文献

This article reviews the implementation of the community component of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy in Chao, Peru (2001 to 2004) and San Luis, Honduras (2003 to 2005). An evaluation was conducted in 2005 and included a project documentation review, key-informant interviews, and a household level baseline and follow-up survey of the WHO/UNICEF key family practices in each intervention site. The promotion of the key family practices in Chao and San Luís demonstrated measurable success. In comparison with the initial survey in 2002, the percentage of participant mothers ( N = 78) in Chao in 2004 who knew that they should breastfeed exclusively for at least six months increased from 33% to 94%; the presentation of complete vaccination records for one-year-old children increased by 19%; the recognition of danger signs for pneumonia increased 18% and for diarrhea by 8%; and the percentage of mothers who received four or more prenatal check-ups increased by 25%. A dramatic reduction in malaria cases was also attributed to the intervention in Chao. In San Luis, a quasi-experimental, random household sample ( N = 300) showed that the incidence of diarrheal disease among children under five years old declined by 18% between survey rounds (from 44% in August 2004 to 26% in December 2005). Social mobilization has promoted inter-sector consensus-building around community health issues, especially those related to maternal and child health. The promotion of the participation of representatives from various organizations via the community IMCI social-actor methodology has led to increased civic cooperation. Positive changes in health behaviors have been documented through an increase in preventive health practices, greater demand for primary health care services, and concrete community actions to improve public health.

This important research builds on past projects in Australia and internationally that have sought to define and clarify competencies required to work in health promotion. The paper briefly explains the process undertaken in 2005 to update the Australian health promotion competencies as a collaboration of several leading health promotion agencies. The article reports findings from research undertaken in 2001 and 2005 and compares trends in perceptions of health promotion competencies across time. This dialogue among researchers, health promotion academics and practitioners can help to further the impact of competencies research on professional practice in health promotion globally. This project placed a priority on methodology that engaged the health promotion workforce in Australia. A two-stage process was employed including expert consultation with 39 senior health promotion professionals, followed by a modified Delphi process to engage 400 practitioners. Space was allowed for comment on the competencies including suggested word changes, and respondents were also invited to add additional competencies. The research involved a modified Delphi study where participants were invited to rate each competency as "essential", "desirable" or "not relevant", and to suggest changes to wording, as well as additions to the list. Responses were received from 400 practitioners and the results were presented and compared with the 2001 survey results. Results indicate a substantial shift in perceptions about health promotion practice in Australia during the initial years of the 21(st) century.The overall significant changes in perceptions indicate that by 2005 the Australian health promotion workforce had substantially moved away from an individual behaviour-dominated perception of health promotion practice. Increasing recognition was given to competencies that reflect environmental, economic and policy influences on health, and increased recognition that these processes are legitimate and essential components of the health promotion process.

A comprehensive Swedish public health policy was adopted by the Swedish Parliament, the Riksdag, in April 2003. It pushes health up on the political agenda and affords equity in health high priority. The first phase of implementation of the policy, 2003-5, is described in the 2005 Public Health Policy Report published by the Swedish National Institute of Public Health (SNIPH). For the purpose of investigating the implementation, SNIPH has monitored the development of 42 determinants and used reports from 22 central agencies and eight county administrative boards together with interviews with all Sweden's county councils (21) and a questionnaire sent out to all municipalities (290). The experiences from the implementation of the policy are that: the determinants approach - focusing on structural factors in society, people's living conditions and health behaviours that affect health - is in general well understood and emphasises the role of other sectors in public health; the use of indicators to follow up exposures to determinants is of key importance; the support to actors outside the health service is needed to identify their public health role; a continuous steering from the government and other political bodies is of vital importance; public health promotion on the regional level needs a higher level of co-ordination; municipalities need more skills development; Sweden has a new government that was elected in September 2006; the new government has retracted the former government's public health policy communication submitted to the Riksdag in the spring of 2006, but does not intend to change the public health policy.

The growth in the scientific agenda for IUHPE has reflected both the growth of the membership globally as well as the rapid development of the field. Through the numerous projects, working groups and partnerships, it can be seen that IUHPE has made much progress in such areas as health promotion infrastructure and capacity mapping, and on health promotion evidence and effectiveness. Looking to the next few years, these issues will remain core to the IUHPE scientific agenda, but more attention is needed on low and middle income countries. An additional frontier for exploration is the translation of evidence into decision-making, both within and outside the health sector, and with particular attention to health equity and social determinants of health. The further development of the scientific agenda will require collaborative work across the IUHPE executive and with the staff.

This paper provides a baseline profile of organizational capacity for (heart) health promotion in Alberta's regional health authorities (RHAs); and examines differences in perceived organizational health promotion capacity specific to modifiable risk factors across three levels of staff and across capacity levels. Baseline data were collected from a purposive sample of 144 board members, senior/middle managers and service providers from 17 RHAs participating in a five-year time-series repeated survey design assessing RHA capacity for (heart) health promotion. Results indicate low levels of capacity to take health promotion action on the broader determinants of health and risk conditions like poverty and social support. In contrast, capacity for health promotion action specific to physiological and behavioural risk factors is considerably higher. Organizational "will" to do health promotion is noticeably more present than is both infrastructure and leadership. Both position held within an organization as well as overall level of organizational capacity appear to influence perceptions of organizational capacity. Overall, results suggest that organizational "will", while necessary, is inadequate on its own for health promotion implementation to occur, especially in regard to addressing the broader determinants of health. A combination of low infrastructure and limited leadership may help explain a lack of health promotion action.

The article presents the work plan of the IUHPE Communications portfolio during the present term of the Vice-President for communications in the IUHPE Board of Trustees (2007-10). The plan has been put together after a comprehensive review of the existing IUHPE communications areas. The result is a plan that aims to provide overarching support for the development of the organisation. In the plan, existing IUHPE communication tools are strengthened to respond better to today's communications' aims and objectives; while new tools are designed to make an impact through all communications' channels. The quality and effectiveness of these tools will contribute to shape a sustainable communications strategy and priorities.