Promotion & education最新文献

This study was guided by the salutogenic model, and aimed to: 1. describe the social contexts of stronger and weaker SOC (sense of coherence) participants who were adolescents or entering adulthood in the war-affected regions in Croatia, and 2. identify how the levels of SOC related to their responses to the stressors in their social context. Qualitative longitudinal study design and methods were used for the analysis. In-depth semi-structured interviews, participant observations and SOC scale were carried out, and data were collected from 17 female participants twice during two years. The general social context of the participants was summarized with published materials on the similar subjects and analysis of the field-notes and the participants' narratives. In the analysis of the qualitative data, comparisons were made between the three SOC levels (low, middle, high levels categorized with SOC scores), relating to the participants' self-described social contexts. Childhood stability, acceptance of own ethnic identity, management of uncertainty, and the meanings of work emerged as the responses and resources that may influence SOC. How Ottawa Charter health promotion strategies can be adapted in the post-conflict regions is discussed and priorities of addressing strategies are suggested. The discussion points include: 1. the importance of re-orienting health services and creating supportive environments from the aspects of building the secure base of children and promoting health of the next generation; 2. the required personal skills that enabled adolescents to exercise control and make choices conducive to health in a social context of the a war-related turbulent society; 3. the needs for building healthy public policies to tackle unemployment and strengthening community action to rebuild social capital through work revenues.

This commentary outlines the work plan of the Global Vice President for Capacity Building, Education and Training over the period 2007-10. Two key areas are prioritised for action: workforce development in countries with identified capacity needs; and the development of international collaboration on core competencies for health promotion practice, education and training. Building a competent health promotion workforce is key to delivering on the vision, core values, principles and commitments of international directives and agreements on the promotion of health. There is a need for a trained and competent workforce who have the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities in translating policy objectives and current research knowledge into effective action. This work plan calls for investment in the human and technical resources needed for the sustainable development and implementation of effective practice and policy for the future. The development of mechanisms for the delivery of accessible culturally appropriate training and professional education is targeted for action.

The objective of this study was to identify whether nurses are as likely as physicians to feel prepared to assist patients to quit smoking, to have smoked in front of patients, or to have received training on counseling patients about smoking cessation. The sample consisted of 262 nurses and 251 physicians, ages 18 years and older, from public and private hospitals in Jordan. It was found that nurses were more likely than physicians to receive training on counseling patients about smoking cessation (41% vs. 18%); more likely to currently smoke (30% vs. 19%); and less likely to feel prepared to assist patients to quit smoking (78% vs. 95%). Smoking status and training were associated with counseling patients about smoking. Approximately 19% of nurses and 81% of physicians who currently or formerly smoked had previously smoked in front of patients. Nurses compared with physicians have lower agreement with statements involving smoking-related responsibilities and views on smoking policy, but higher agreement that second-hand smoke is related to selected diseases. Physicians felt more strongly than nurses that they should serve as role models for the public, routinely advise their smoking patients to quit, and speak to lay groups about smoking. In conclusion, a greater level of smoking cessation training among physicians and nurses in Jordan is warranted.

The concepts of community participation, empowerment and capacity building are central tenets of contemporary health promotion theory. They reflect the view that health and well-being are shaped by a wide range of social, economic, political and organisational forces that are outside the control of individuals.Despite its theoretical appeal, the practice of Community Empowerment is ethically contentious and can produce ethical dilemmas for health promotion practitioners. In this paper we relate these dilemmas to theoretical considerations, and argue that the empowerment of communities should be understood as a means rather than an end . This leads us to argue for the adoption of what we call a Reflective Equilibrium Community Empowerment approach, which draws on both "top-down" and "bottom-up" methods to help resolve the ethical tensions in health promotion programmes.

Decision makers consider numerous factors besides surveillance data in establishing public health policies and programmes. In an evidence-informed system, it is important to collect, interpret, and present information that has maximum impact on the broader policy agenda.Successful policies and programmes are rational, feasible, and practical, with wide public support. Surveillance systems must align and interact with the other parts of the policy infrastructure. There must be continuous links between data providers, collectors, and users. Data must be representative of population variations.For chronic diseases, the major challenge is multiple risks. Surveillance systems must capture many factors from many sources. Data must be presented in plain language and tailored to the needs of various users - politicians, policy makers, health providers, researchers, and the public. Data must be linked to other policy areas such as taxation. Economic arguments, including modelling, strongly influence decisions. Broad data ownership through alliances also has significant impact.

Schools are considered to be settings for both health education and health promotion. But the core business of schools is actually focused on educational outcomes, not reducing health problems. In most countries, schools give low priority to health promotion, and school staffs, mainly teachers, are not aware of their role in health promotion. Studies show that teachers who have received health promotion training tend to be involved more frequently in health promotion projects and have a more comprehensive approach to health education. Pre-service and in-service staff training is then a main challenge. This is the reason why we have launched an initiative to join international forces to strengthen and advocate for teacher training in health promotion. The main goals are to develop research, affirm and reinforce the work done in teacher training in health promotion, support the institutes/colleges/universities in the provision of pre-service and in-service teacher training and stimulate international partnership work.