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HIV screening of migrants in the autonomous Province of Trento (north of Italy). 对特伦托自治省(意大利北部)的移民进行艾滋病毒筛查。
IF 2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2024.2636
Massimiliano Lanzafame, Giovanni Mori, E. Lattuada, Donatella Visentin, Luisa Carraro, Roberta Gargano, Pirous Fatehmoghadam, M. G. Zuccali
AbstractMigrants have accounted for more than 40% of new HIV diagnoses in Europe in 2022. Among the population of asylum seekers currently present in the Trento Province, screening for HIV infection is poorly carried out for various reasons. Here we report our experience about screening for HIV infection in asylum seekers present in that area using rapid self HIV-testing.
摘要 2022 年,在欧洲新确诊的艾滋病毒感染者中,移民占 40% 以上。目前,在特伦托省的寻求庇护者中,由于各种原因,艾滋病病毒感染筛查工作开展得很不顺利。在此,我们报告了利用快速自我艾滋病毒检测对该地区寻求庇护者进行艾滋病毒感染筛查的经验。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Primary Health Care through Interprofessional education: Insights from a Training Workshop. 通过跨专业教育加强初级卫生保健:培训讲习班的启示。
IF 2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2024.2631
C. Milani, Giulia Naldini, Giulia Occhini, Irene Pontalti, L. Baggiani, M. Nerattini, C. Lorini, Lucia Turco, G. Bonaccorsi, Phc-W Working Group, M. Del Riccio
IntroductionStrengthening primary care services with a focus on comprehensive Primary Health Care principles necessitates collaborative work practices within interprofessional teams. In Italy, the Local Health District of Florence embodies a comprehensive Primary Health Care -inspired model of primary care, prominently featuring the House of Community concept. This work presents findings and insights from a multidisciplinary, interprofessional education activity tailored for healthcare professionals, researchers, and students actively participating in the primary care reorganization.MethodsThe activity was structured using a four-phase learning model (imaginative, analytical, common sense, and dynamic), aligning with four distinct activities (brainstorming, lecture, case study, and group project).ResultsKey themes that emerged encompassed the significance of nurturing relationships among team members, the aspiration for an inclusive work environment, the vital role of community engagement and collaboration across various services, disciplines, and sectors beyond healthcare.DiscussionThese themes highlight the essential attributes of successful primary care practices built on the principles of comprehensive comprehensive Primary Health Care. Throughout the innovation process of primary care services, interprofessional education training events emerged as indispensable components for bolstering implementation and ensuring sustainability. This study underscores the crucial role of interprofessional education in bridging the gap between theoretical constructs and practical application, emphasizing that comprehensive Primary Healthcare principles find tangible manifestation in real-world scenarios.
导言以全面的初级医疗保健原则为重点加强初级医疗保健服务,需要跨专业团队的协作工作实践。在意大利,佛罗伦萨地方卫生区体现了受初级卫生保健启发的综合初级卫生保健模式,其突出特点是社区之家概念。本文介绍了为积极参与初级医疗重组的医疗保健专业人员、研究人员和学生量身定制的多学科跨专业教育活动的发现和见解。讨论这些主题突出了基于全面综合初级医疗保健原则的成功初级医疗实践的基本特征。在基层医疗服务的整个创新过程中,跨专业教育培训活动成为促进实施和确保可持续性不可或缺的组成部分。这项研究强调了跨专业教育在弥合理论建构与实际应用之间的差距方面所起的关键作用,强调了全面的初级医疗保健原则在现实世界中的具体体现。
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引用次数: 0
Home care models dedicated to COVID-19 patients: the experience of a Local Health District of Veneto Region (Italy). 专门针对 COVID-19 患者的家庭护理模式:威尼托大区(意大利)地方卫生区的经验。
IF 2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2024.2623
Silvia Manea, Marco Pinato, Laura Salmaso, S. Vittorii, Michela Biasio, Matteo Rigoni, Vinicio Manfrin, Elisabetta Bertocco, Mirko Zanatta, Mario Saia
BackgroundDuring COVID-19 pandemic, health professionals have been working in an extreme uncertainty context. Affected patients needed to be cared at home as long as possible to avoid virus spreading and hospital resources saturation. The Veneto Regional Administration (North-east of Italy) released Regional guidelines about it. The Western Healthcare District of the Local Health Authority of the city of Vicenza (180,000 inhabitants) implemented a healthcare pathway following them. Aim of the study is to describe the results and outcomes of such implementation.MethodsIn the implemented health care pathway, a new service called "Special Unit of continuity of care" (USCA) with physicians and nurses has been dedicated to the prise en charge at home of patients suffering from Sars-CoV-2. They were referred to the USCA by general practitioners or by hospital specialists, and managed through a daily clinical monitoring by regular home visits and phone calls, specialist consultations and therapy management. In order to prevent hospital admission, an oxygen concentrator when possible has been employed and managed at home by the members of the USCA when the oxygen saturation was below 93%. An observational retrospective study has been conducted using anonymized data from different databases: the USCA activity database (from 12/01/20 to 21/31/21), the hospital and Emergency Department discharge databases, and the "healthcare co-payments exemptions database". The latter database refers to the people excluded - because of their chronicity - from the co-payment of a list of medical exams and services. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses have been implemented.Results1,419 patients suffering from Sars-CoV-2 have been cared and managed by the USCA in the considered period of time (mean 11.4 days), of whom 787 (55.5%) with at least one chronic condition (described in the above quoted "healthcare co-payments exemption database") and 261 provided with oxygen concentrator. 275 (19.4%) needed a hospital admission, 39 (2.8%) in intensive unit; 53 died during hospitalization (3.8%). Out of the 261 patients utilizing oxygen concentrator, 103 have been admitted to hospital (39.5%), 7.3% in intensive unit and 8.0% died. In implemented multivariate analyses, the use of oxygen concentrator, proxy measure of the severity of the condition, is the major determinant for the risk of hospital admission (adj OR: 3.2, CI 2.3-4.3) and of dying within 30 days (adj OR: 2.8 CI 1.5-5.1). Among the 261 patients provided with oxygen concentrator, 158 (60,5%) have been managed at home without any admission to emergency department and/or hospitalization.ConclusionsIn an uncertain context such as COVID-19 pandemic, the already-implemented home care model has been modified by integrating the USCA physicians and nurses and specialist care networks to prevent hospitalization and the sense of isolation and abandonment of people as much as possible. Almost 1,500
背景在 COVID-19 大流行期间,医疗专业人员一直在极端不确定的环境中工作。受影响的病人需要尽可能长时间地在家接受治疗,以避免病毒传播和医院资源饱和。威尼托大区政府(意大利东北部)就此发布了大区指南。维琴察市(有 180,000 名居民)地方卫生局的西部医疗保健区按照该指南实施了医疗保健路径。在实施的医疗保健路径中,一项名为 "连续性护理特别小组"(USCA)的新服务专门负责萨斯-CoV-2 患者的家庭护理,该小组由医生和护士组成。这些患者由全科医生或医院专家转介到 USCA,通过定期家访和电话、专家会诊和治疗管理进行日常临床监测。为了避免患者入院,当患者的血氧饱和度低于 93% 时,USCA 成员会尽可能使用制氧机,并在家中进行管理。我们利用不同数据库中的匿名数据开展了一项观察性回顾研究,这些数据库包括:USCA 活动数据库(从 2001 年 1 月 12 日至 2001 年 1 月 21 日)、医院和急诊科出院数据库以及 "医保共付额豁免数据库"。后一个数据库指的是因慢性病而被排除在医疗检查和服务共付额之外的人群。结果1,419 名 Sars-CoV-2 患者在所述期间(平均 11.4 天)接受了 USCA 的护理和管理,其中 787 人(55.5%)至少患有一种慢性病(在上述 "医疗共付额豁免数据库 "中有所描述),261 人配备了氧气浓缩器。275人(19.4%)需要入院治疗,39人(2.8%)住进重症监护室;53人在住院期间死亡(3.8%)。在使用制氧机的 261 名患者中,103 人入院(39.5%),7.3% 入住重症监护室,8.0% 死亡。在实施的多变量分析中,使用制氧机(病情严重程度的替代指标)是入院风险(adj OR:3.2,CI 2.3-4.3)和 30 天内死亡风险(adj OR:2.8,CI 1.5-5.1)的主要决定因素。在 261 名配备了制氧机的患者中,有 158 人(60.5%)在家中接受了治疗,没有进入急诊室和/或住院治疗。 结论在 COVID-19 大流行等不确定的情况下,通过整合 USCA 的医生和护士以及专科护理网络,对已实施的家庭护理模式进行了修改,以尽可能避免住院治疗以及人们的孤立感和被遗弃感。在 13 个月的时间里,近 1500 名 COVID-19 患者在家中得到了这种新服务的照顾,其中包括复杂的多学科活动。住院和死亡的风险似乎取决于病症的严重程度,有60%的患者尽管最初血饱和度较高,但使用制氧机后没有住院治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge and self-perceived competence about cardiopulmonary resuscitation among youths: a cross-sectional study in a sample of Italian undergraduates. 青少年对心肺复苏术的了解和自我认知能力:一项针对意大利大学生样本的横断面研究。
IF 2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2024.2628
C. Protano, V. Cammalleri, Stefano Zanni, F. Valeriani, G. Liguori, V. Spica, M. Vitali, F. Gallé
IntroductionCardiopulmonary resuscitation is fundamental to improve the outcomes of a life-threatening event. The correct knowledge of first aid actions to provide may guarantee the victim's survival. This study was aimed at evaluating the competence about cardiopulmonary resuscitation and its predictors in a sample of Italian undergraduate students.MethodsInformation on socio-demographic characteristics, first aid training, knowledge of stroke and heart attack symptoms and perceived ability to provide first aid, were collected through a web-based questionnaire.ResultsOn a total of 744 respondents (mean age 23.9±5.4 years, 62.5% female), 71.4% identified correctly first aid actions, 59.9% and 60.8% showed a good knowledge of stroke and heart attack symptoms, respectively. However, only 39.0% of them declared their ability to intervene in case of emergency. Attending a healthcare degree course and having had first aid training were associated with knowledge of symptoms and perceived ability to provide first aid. Female gender was negatively related with perceived ability to intervene.ConclusionsIn spite of the satisfactory level of knowledge, these findings highlight the need to enhance the competence about cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the lay population, especially among females.
导言心肺复苏对于改善危及生命事件的结果至关重要。对急救措施的正确理解可确保受害者存活。本研究旨在评估意大利大学生心肺复苏能力及其预测因素。方法 通过网络问卷收集有关社会人口特征、急救培训、中风和心脏病发作症状知识以及急救能力的信息。然而,只有 39.0%的人表示有能力在紧急情况下进行干预。参加过医疗保健学位课程和接受过急救培训与对症状的了解和认为有能力提供急救有关。结论 尽管心肺复苏知识水平令人满意,但这些研究结果突出表明,有必要提高非专业人群(尤其是女性)的心肺复苏能力。
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引用次数: 0
Development of a network model to implement the HPV vaccination coverage. 开发网络模型,实施 HPV 疫苗接种覆盖。
IF 2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2024.2630
G. Guarducci, Marinella Chiti, Dimitri Carlo Fattore, R. Caldararo, Gabriele Messina, Paolo Filidei, N. Nante
BackgroundThe vaccination coverage of a population is the usual indicator of the effectiveness of vaccination strategies. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an organizational and communication network to implement Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination coverage both in males and females in the Center Tuscany Local Health Authority.Study designExperimental study.Materials and methodsIn January 2022, a retrospective study was conducted on anti-HPV vaccine coverage (full cycle), of those born from 2007 to 2010, in the Empoli Territorial Area of Florence (240 thousand inhabitants) under the Center Tuscany Local Health Authority. In February 2022, a project (meetings with general practitioners and pediatricians, communication through local media, increased opening hours of vaccination clinics and continuous monitoring of vaccination status) started to recover the females and males non-compliant; in the first five months, in addition to guaranteeing the offer to the reference cohort, it aimed to recover the 2007, 2008 and 2009 cohorts, while in the following six months the anti-HPV vaccine offer was expanded for the 2010 cohort.ResultsIn January 2022, for all cohorts the average total coverages were 49.2% (49.1% for females and 49.5% for males), while in December 2022 they were 63.9% (65.8% for females and 62.3% for males). Coverage increased by 15.6% (+14.2% for females and +16.8% for males) for the 2007 birth cohort, by 22.3% (+20.6% for females and +23.7% for males) for the 2008 cohort and by 20.9% (+31.4% for females and +10.6% for males) for the 2009 cohort.ConclusionsThis model in force in the whole Center Tuscany Local Health Authority for a few years and already activated in the previous Local Health Authority of Empoli, now called Empoli Territorial Area, has allowed to implement the Human Papilloma Virus vaccine coverage for both genders.
背景人口的疫苗接种覆盖率是衡量疫苗接种策略有效性的通常指标。本研究旨在评估托斯卡纳中心地方卫生局在男性和女性中实施人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗接种覆盖率的组织和沟通网络的有效性。研究设计实验研究材料和方法2022年1月,托斯卡纳中心地方卫生局对佛罗伦萨恩波利地区(24万居民)2007年至2010年出生的人进行了抗HPV疫苗接种覆盖率(全周期)的回顾性研究。2022 年 2 月,佛罗伦萨开始实施一项计划(与全科医生和儿科医生会面、通过当地媒体进行宣传、增加疫苗接种诊所的开放时间以及持续监测疫苗接种情况),以恢复未接种疫苗的女性和男性;在最初的五个月中,除了保证向参考人群提供疫苗外,该计划还旨在恢复 2007 年、2008 年和 2009 年人群的接种,并在随后的六个月中扩大向 2010 年人群提供的抗 HPV 疫苗。结果 2022 年 1 月,所有组群的平均总覆盖率为 49.2%(女性为 49.1%,男性为 49.5%),而 2022 年 12 月则为 63.9%(女性为 65.8%,男性为 62.3%)。2007 年出生组群的覆盖率提高了 15.6%(女性提高了 14.2%,男性提高了 16.8%),2008 年出生组群的覆盖率提高了 22.3%(女性提高了 20.6%,男性提高了 23.7%),2009 年出生组群的覆盖率提高了 20.9%(女性提高了 31.4%,男性提高了 10.6%)。结论这一模式在整个托斯卡纳中心地方卫生局已实施数年,并已在恩波利的前地方卫生局(现称为恩波利领地)启动,使人类乳头状瘤病毒疫苗的接种范围覆盖了男女两性。
{"title":"Development of a network model to implement the HPV vaccination coverage.","authors":"G. Guarducci, Marinella Chiti, Dimitri Carlo Fattore, R. Caldararo, Gabriele Messina, Paolo Filidei, N. Nante","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7416/ai.2024.2630","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000The vaccination coverage of a population is the usual indicator of the effectiveness of vaccination strategies. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an organizational and communication network to implement Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination coverage both in males and females in the Center Tuscany Local Health Authority.\u0000\u0000\u0000Study design\u0000Experimental study.\u0000\u0000\u0000Materials and methods\u0000In January 2022, a retrospective study was conducted on anti-HPV vaccine coverage (full cycle), of those born from 2007 to 2010, in the Empoli Territorial Area of Florence (240 thousand inhabitants) under the Center Tuscany Local Health Authority. In February 2022, a project (meetings with general practitioners and pediatricians, communication through local media, increased opening hours of vaccination clinics and continuous monitoring of vaccination status) started to recover the females and males non-compliant; in the first five months, in addition to guaranteeing the offer to the reference cohort, it aimed to recover the 2007, 2008 and 2009 cohorts, while in the following six months the anti-HPV vaccine offer was expanded for the 2010 cohort.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000In January 2022, for all cohorts the average total coverages were 49.2% (49.1% for females and 49.5% for males), while in December 2022 they were 63.9% (65.8% for females and 62.3% for males). Coverage increased by 15.6% (+14.2% for females and +16.8% for males) for the 2007 birth cohort, by 22.3% (+20.6% for females and +23.7% for males) for the 2008 cohort and by 20.9% (+31.4% for females and +10.6% for males) for the 2009 cohort.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusions\u0000This model in force in the whole Center Tuscany Local Health Authority for a few years and already activated in the previous Local Health Authority of Empoli, now called Empoli Territorial Area, has allowed to implement the Human Papilloma Virus vaccine coverage for both genders.","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140713081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A snapshot of Physical Education in Italian primary schools: assessing the resources available for an instrument of health promotion. 意大利小学体育教育简况:评估可用于促进健康工具的资源。
IF 2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2024.2627
F. Valeriani, A. Masini, Giulia Baldelli, L. Dallolio, Luca Eid, Nicola Lovecchio, Pasquale Stefanizzi, Simona Ursino, F. Gallé
BackgroundRegular physical activity is crucial in preventing chronic diseases. International health authorities recommend that children and adolescents engage in at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day to achieve health benefits. Offering regular exercise opportunities to young people can promote the development of healthy lifestyles. In 2021, a new regulation introduced up to two compulsory hours of Physical Education per week in Italy and established that Physical Education should be entrusted to adequately trained teachers. The present study aimed to assess, from the perspective of the new teachers, the resources available for Physical Education in Italian primary schools.MethodsA questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among primary school Physical Education teachers during the year 2022-2023. Their opinion about the school resources were analyzed in light of their demographic characteristics and work experience.ResultsOut of the 118 participating teachers, 96 (81.3%) reported the presence of a gym in their school. Participants expressed satisfaction with the size and windows of the gym, particularly for the schools of the North, as well as the adequacy of outdoor spaces. However, lower levels of satisfaction for locker rooms and gym small equipment emerged, especially among those teachers with less work experience.ConclusionsThe introduction of the Physical Education teacher figure in Italian primary schools was an important step for health promotion in our country. However, some aspects related to the structural resources should be considered in future policies.
背景经常进行体育锻炼对预防慢性疾病至关重要。国际卫生机构建议儿童和青少年每天至少进行 60 分钟的中度到剧烈运动,以获得健康益处。为青少年提供定期锻炼的机会可以促进健康生活方式的发展。2021 年,意大利出台了一项新法规,规定每周体育课的必修课时最多为两个小时,并规定体育课应委托给受过适当培训的教师。本研究旨在从新教师的角度评估意大利小学体育教育的可用资源。研究方法在 2022-2023 年期间对小学体育教师进行了一项基于问卷的横断面研究。结果 在 118 名参与调查的教师中,96 人(81.3%)表示学校有体育馆。参与者对体育馆的大小和窗户表示满意,尤其是北部的学校,对室外空间的充足性也表示满意。然而,对更衣室和健身房小型设备的满意度较低,尤其是那些工作经验较少的教师。然而,在未来的政策中应考虑与结构资源有关的一些方面。
{"title":"A snapshot of Physical Education in Italian primary schools: assessing the resources available for an instrument of health promotion.","authors":"F. Valeriani, A. Masini, Giulia Baldelli, L. Dallolio, Luca Eid, Nicola Lovecchio, Pasquale Stefanizzi, Simona Ursino, F. Gallé","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7416/ai.2024.2627","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000Regular physical activity is crucial in preventing chronic diseases. International health authorities recommend that children and adolescents engage in at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day to achieve health benefits. Offering regular exercise opportunities to young people can promote the development of healthy lifestyles. In 2021, a new regulation introduced up to two compulsory hours of Physical Education per week in Italy and established that Physical Education should be entrusted to adequately trained teachers. The present study aimed to assess, from the perspective of the new teachers, the resources available for Physical Education in Italian primary schools.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among primary school Physical Education teachers during the year 2022-2023. Their opinion about the school resources were analyzed in light of their demographic characteristics and work experience.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Out of the 118 participating teachers, 96 (81.3%) reported the presence of a gym in their school. Participants expressed satisfaction with the size and windows of the gym, particularly for the schools of the North, as well as the adequacy of outdoor spaces. However, lower levels of satisfaction for locker rooms and gym small equipment emerged, especially among those teachers with less work experience.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusions\u0000The introduction of the Physical Education teacher figure in Italian primary schools was an important step for health promotion in our country. However, some aspects related to the structural resources should be considered in future policies.","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140751001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Smartphones' impact on nursing performances: a cross-sectional multicenter study. 智能手机对护理工作的影响:一项横断面多中心研究。
IF 2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2024.2626
E. Di Simone, S. Dionisi, N. Giannetta, Nicolò Panattoni, Aurora De Leo, S. Di Mario, Antonella Surace, Jessica Urban, Gloria Liquori, Christian Napoli, M. Montesano, M. Di Muzio, G. B. Orsi
BackgroundIn recent years, the technology world has significantly shaped society. This study aims to survey the views of registered nurses with hospital working experience regarding the personal communication devices use impact in hospital units. The secondary outcome of this study was to identify differences in mobile device use based on demographic and organizational factors.Study designCross-sectional study by survey.MethodsThe questionnaire comprises 22 items divided into four sections. Overall 778 questionnaires were included in the study, 329 questionnaires were collected on pen-and-paper, whereas 449 by an online survey.ResultsFindings showed that smartphones have a different impact on performance, utilization and impact scale according to gender, age and educational attainment. Generally males using more frequently personal communication devices for non-workrelated activities affected negatively their working performance by respect to females. Moreover, younger nurses report being more distracted by using smartphones for non-work-related activities than older nurses. At the same time, younger nurses believe that smartphones may lead to an improvement in patient care skills. Nurses with fewer years of service (1 month - 10 years) report being more distracted by non-work-related activities on their smartphones than nurses with more years of service (>20 years).ConclusionsThe smartphone is a potential distraction source. The most exposed groups are the younger nurses' and those with little work experience, and both groups (young age, less experience) can be considered factors for potential distraction.
背景近年来,科技世界对社会产生了重大影响。本研究旨在调查有医院工作经验的注册护士对个人通讯设备在医院单位使用影响的看法。本研究的次要结果是确定基于人口统计学和组织因素的移动设备使用差异。结果研究结果表明,智能手机对绩效、使用情况和影响程度的影响因性别、年龄和教育程度而异。一般来说,男性比女性更频繁地使用个人通讯设备进行与工作无关的活动,这对他们的工作表现产生了负面影响。此外,与年龄较大的护士相比,年轻护士在使用智能手机进行与工作无关的活动时更容易分心。同时,年轻护士认为智能手机可以提高护理病人的技能。工作年限较短(1 个月至 10 年)的护士比工作年限较长(20 年以上)的护士更容易因使用智能手机进行与工作无关的活动而分心。最容易分心的群体是年轻护士和工作经验不足的护士,这两个群体(年龄小、经验少)都可被视为潜在分心的因素。
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引用次数: 0
Variations in avoidable hospital admissions and emergency visits by primary care characteristics: an ecological study in Italy. 按初级保健特征划分的可避免入院和急诊就诊的差异:意大利的一项生态研究。
IF 2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2024.2608
Zeno Dalla Valle, Giovanni Emanuele Ricciardi, Carlo Signorelli, Cristina Renzi

Background: Primary healthcare plays a central role in providing preventive care, managing chronic conditions and reducing inappropriate emergency presentations. The study aimed at providing population-level evidence on the correlation between the characteristics of primary healthcare across Italian regions and health outcomes included in the National Programs Outcomes of the National Agency for Regional Healthcare Services.

Study design: Ecological study.

Methods: We analysed healthcare data from the National Agency for Regional Healthcare Services, the public lists of primary care doctors and the National Federation of Surgeons and Dentists and the National Institutes of Statistics referring to the 20 Italian regions. Pearson's correlation and Spearman's correlation were used to assess the relationships between primary healthcare characteristics and health outcomes.

Results: Overall, across all Italian regions each general practitioner had on average 1447 patients and was 57.5 years old. The study found positive correlations between the number of patients per general practitioner and non-urgent Emergency Department visits among adult patients (Pearson's r = 0.58, p = 0.008), the number of residents aged 65+ per general practitioner and the rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admissions (Pearson's r = 0.49, p = 0.029), and the age of general practitioners and lower-extremity amputations in diabetes patients (Pearson's r = 0.56, p = 0.011). A negative correlation was observed between the age of general practitioners and urinary tract infection admissions (Pearson's r = -0.76; p < 0.001). A non-linear negative correlation was found between the age of general practitioners and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admissions (Spearman's ρ = -0.46, p = 0.041).

Conclusions: The findings emphasise the importance of guaranteeing sufficient numbers of primary healthcare physicians to meet patients' needs, and for limiting avoidable hospitalisations and emergency presentations. General practitioners' age might also influence the provision of care, but more research is needed on possible mechanisms.

背景:初级医疗保健在提供预防保健、管理慢性病和减少不适当的急诊就诊方面发挥着核心作用。这项研究旨在提供人口层面的证据,说明意大利各地区初级医疗保健的特点与国家地区医疗保健服务局国家计划成果中的健康成果之间的相关性:研究设计:生态研究:我们分析了国家地区医疗服务局、初级保健医生公共名单、全国外科医生和牙医联合会以及国家统计局提供的意大利 20 个地区的医疗保健数据。皮尔逊相关性和斯皮尔曼相关性用于评估初级医疗保健特征与健康结果之间的关系:总体而言,意大利所有地区的每名全科医生平均拥有 1447 名患者,年龄为 57.5 岁。研究发现,每名全科医生的患者人数与成年患者非急诊科就诊人数呈正相关(Pearson's r = 0.58,p = 0.008),每名全科医生的 65 岁以上居民人数与慢性阻塞性肺病入院率呈正相关(Pearson's r = 0.49,p = 0.029),全科医生的年龄与糖尿病患者下肢截肢率呈正相关(Pearson's r = 0.56,p = 0.011)。全科医生的年龄与尿路感染入院率之间呈负相关(Pearson's r = -0.76;p < 0.001)。全科医生的年龄与慢性阻塞性肺病入院人数之间存在非线性负相关(Spearman's ρ = -0.46,p = 0.041):研究结果强调了保证有足够数量的初级保健医生以满足患者需求的重要性,以及限制可避免的住院和急诊的重要性。全科医生的年龄也可能影响医疗服务的提供,但还需要对可能的机制进行更多的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Vaccination strategies for high-risk and fragile populations in Lombardy (Italy): a region-wide assessment of hospital-based models and best practices. 针对伦巴第大区(意大利)高危和脆弱人群的疫苗接种策略:对以医院为基础的模式和最佳做法进行全区评估。
IF 2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2024.2607
Anna Odone, Riccardo Vecchio, Luisa Brogonzoli, Elisa Sala, Giacomo Pietro Vigezzi, Alba Muzzi, Catia Rosanna Borriello, Danilo Cereda, Giuliano Rizzardini, Alessandro Venturi, Rosaria Iardino

Background: Subjects with selected underlying medical conditions are at higher risk of infection and severe outcomes from vaccines preventable diseases. While most countries adopt life-course approaches to vaccination, high-risk group immunization programmes could maximize individual protection, while contributing to population health. The COVID-19 pandemic stimulated the planning and implementation of successful hospital-based high-risk groups' immunization models. However, in Italy, high-risk subjects' vaccine coverage is not actively monitored at the national or regional level, nor shared guidelines exist yet on hospital-based immunization programmes.

Study design: The study reports findings from a region-wide assessment of the availability, characteristics, and setting-specific features of hospital-based immunization programmes for high-risk subjects in the Lombardy region.

Methods: Fondazione The Bridge a not-for-profit organization based in Milan, in collaboration with the Prevention Unit of the Lombardy Region Directorate for Welfare, and the University of Pavia coordinated a project aimed at bringing together regional health institutions, key stakeholders, academic experts, scientific societies and patients' associations to assess high-risk subjects' barriers to vaccine uptake and inform preventive programmes and policies. In this context, we designed and implemented a survey to systematically map the existence and characteristics of hospital-based immunization programmes targeting high-risk subjects. The survey was proposed to all 115 hospital medical directions of the Lombardy region.

Results: We collected data from 97 hospital medical directions, with a response rate of 85%. Among respondents, 24% were publi-cly managed hospitals, 17% were Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) and 59% accredited private hospitals. Overall, 51.5% facilities in the Lombardy Region reported to actively administer vaccines to high-risk subjects in hospital settings, the prevalence being 89.6% in public hospitals. Among hospitals where vaccines are actively administered, 46% reported to have centralized vaccines ambulatory clinics, while 54% reported to administer vaccines in the context of inpa-tient care, within clinical wards. In 14% of hospitals vaccination counselling is carried out at the hospital level, while patients are referred to community services for the vaccine administration, 58% have established clinical pathways and formalized internal procedures to integrate vaccine prevention within the clinical care.

Conclusions: Half of hospital facilities in the Lombardy Region administer vaccines to high-risk patients. Hospital-based im-munization models vary widely by vaccines programmes, organizational aspects, vaccines procurement and workforce involved. Identifying best practices and effective models c

背景:患有特定基础疾病的受试者感染疫苗可预防疾病并导致严重后果的风险较高。虽然大多数国家都采用终生接种的方法,但高危人群免疫计划可以最大限度地保护个人,同时促进人口健康。COVID-19 大流行促进了以医院为基础的高危人群免疫模式的成功规划和实施。然而,在意大利,国家或地区层面并没有对高危人群的疫苗覆盖率进行积极监控,也没有关于医院免疫计划的共享指南:该研究报告了伦巴第大区针对高危人群的医院免疫计划的可用性、特点和特定环境的评估结果:位于米兰的非营利组织 "桥 "基金会与伦巴第大区福利局预防部门和帕维亚大学合作,协调开展了一个项目,旨在将地区卫生机构、主要利益相关者、学术专家、科学协会和患者协会聚集在一起,评估高危人群接种疫苗的障碍,并为预防计划和政策提供信息。在此背景下,我们设计并实施了一项调查,以系统地了解针对高危人群的医院免疫计划的存在情况和特点。调查对象为伦巴第大区的所有 115 家医院医务处:我们从 97 家医院的医务处收集了数据,回复率为 85%。受访者中,24%为公共管理医院,17%为科研、住院和医疗保健研究所(IRCCS),59%为经认证的私立医院。总体而言,伦巴第大区有 51.5% 的机构报告在医院环境中积极为高危人群接种疫苗,其中公立医院的接种率为 89.6%。在积极接种疫苗的医院中,有 46% 的医院报告有集中疫苗流动诊所,54% 的医院报告在住院治疗的临床病房内接种疫苗。14%的医院在医院层面开展疫苗接种咨询,同时将患者转介到社区服务机构进行疫苗接种,58%的医院建立了临床路径和正式的内部程序,将疫苗预防纳入临床护理:结论:伦巴第大区有一半的医院为高危患者接种疫苗。医院免疫模式因疫苗计划、组织方面、疫苗采购和所涉及的劳动力而有很大不同。确定最佳实践和有效模式有助于应对当前的挑战,提高高危人群的免疫覆盖率。
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引用次数: 0
Yoga or Mindfulness on Diabetes: Scoping Review for Theoretical Experimental Framework. 瑜伽或正念对糖尿病的影响:理论实验框架范围综述》。
IF 1.5 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2024.2600
Giovanni Cangelosi, Mattia Acito, Iolanda Grappasonni, Cuc Thi Thu Nguyen, Marina Tesauro, Paola Pantanetti, Luciana Morichetti, Enrico Ceroni, Andrea Benni, Fabio Petrelli

Background: About one in 11 adults worldwide suffers from diabetic disease with constantly increasing prevalence; from the 529 million patients registered in 2021, the number of people with diabetes was predicted to rise to approximately 1.31 billion in 2050. In Italy, 5.9% of the population is diabetic, with a higher prevalence with increasing age and in the South of the country. Yoga and Mindfulness could represent a valid support for the care of diabetic subjects especially in a stressful caring context such as the Covid-19 pandemic.

Study design: A scoping review was conducted to achieve the goals of the study. Yoga or Mindfulness interventions on diabetic subjects were specifically analyzed and qualitative-quantitative data collected in the selected randomized controlled trials were extensive for possible meta-analysis.

Methods: The review was conducted by two independent practitioners and a third one was consulted in case of conflict. The PRISMA method was used for both the selection and reporting of the studies to be included. Specific PICOS and search strategies have been developed on PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases. Included in the review were: randomised controlled trials, full dissertation articles and papers in English with a time limit on May 31, 2022.

Results: The Review included 22 studies; 12 on Mindfulness, 9 on Yoga and one about both disciplines; among these, one studied patients with Type 1 Diabetes, 14 with Type 2 Diabetes, 6 with both and one with Gestational Diabetes. Only one paper studied adolescent subjects while the other 21 focused on a range of adult subjects. The studies showed that Yoga and Mindfulness have strong potential not only on stress management, but also on clinical-metabolic parameters.

Conclusions: The recent Covid-19 pandemic has certainly redesigned a new way of treating and managing chronic diseases, such as diabetes. An increasingly fragile population, and with the growing need to reduce overall stress levels, could find alternative practices in Yoga and Mindfulness to support conventional therapies.

背景:全球约每 11 个成年人中就有一人患有糖尿病,且发病率不断上升;2021 年登记在册的糖尿病患者为 5.29 亿人,预计到 2050 年,糖尿病患者人数将增至约 13.1 亿人。在意大利,糖尿病患者占总人口的 5.9%,随着年龄的增长和意大利南部地区的发病率越来越高。瑜伽和正念可以为糖尿病患者的护理提供有效支持,尤其是在护理压力较大的情况下,如 Covid-19 大流行病:研究设计:为实现研究目标,我们进行了一次范围综述。研究设计:为实现研究目标,进行了一次范围综述,具体分析了针对糖尿病患者的瑜伽或正念干预措施,并广泛收集了所选随机对照试验中的定性-定量数据,以便进行可能的荟萃分析:方法:审查由两名独立从业人员进行,如有冲突,则咨询第三名从业人员。在选择和报告要纳入的研究时,均采用了 PRISMA 方法。在 PubMed、Embase 和 PsycINFO 数据库中制定了具体的 PICOS 和搜索策略。综述包括:随机对照试验、学位论文全文以及时间限制为 2022 年 5 月 31 日的英文论文:综述包括 22 项研究;12 项关于正念的研究,9 项关于瑜伽的研究,1 项关于两种学科的研究;其中 1 项研究的对象是 1 型糖尿病患者,14 项研究的对象是 2 型糖尿病患者,6 项研究的对象是两种糖尿病患者,1 项研究的对象是妊娠糖尿病患者。只有一篇论文的研究对象是青少年,其他 21 篇论文的研究对象都是成年人。这些研究表明,瑜伽和正念不仅在压力管理方面,而且在临床代谢参数方面都具有强大的潜力:最近的 Covid-19 大流行无疑重新设计了一种治疗和管理糖尿病等慢性疾病的新方法。越来越脆弱的人口,以及日益增长的降低整体压力水平的需求,可以在瑜伽和正念中找到替代做法,以支持传统疗法。
{"title":"Yoga or Mindfulness on Diabetes: Scoping Review for Theoretical Experimental Framework.","authors":"Giovanni Cangelosi, Mattia Acito, Iolanda Grappasonni, Cuc Thi Thu Nguyen, Marina Tesauro, Paola Pantanetti, Luciana Morichetti, Enrico Ceroni, Andrea Benni, Fabio Petrelli","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2600","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>About one in 11 adults worldwide suffers from diabetic disease with constantly increasing prevalence; from the 529 million patients registered in 2021, the number of people with diabetes was predicted to rise to approximately 1.31 billion in 2050. In Italy, 5.9% of the population is diabetic, with a higher prevalence with increasing age and in the South of the country. Yoga and Mindfulness could represent a valid support for the care of diabetic subjects especially in a stressful caring context such as the Covid-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A scoping review was conducted to achieve the goals of the study. Yoga or Mindfulness interventions on diabetic subjects were specifically analyzed and qualitative-quantitative data collected in the selected randomized controlled trials were extensive for possible meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review was conducted by two independent practitioners and a third one was consulted in case of conflict. The PRISMA method was used for both the selection and reporting of the studies to be included. Specific PICOS and search strategies have been developed on PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases. Included in the review were: randomised controlled trials, full dissertation articles and papers in English with a time limit on May 31, 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Review included 22 studies; 12 on Mindfulness, 9 on Yoga and one about both disciplines; among these, one studied patients with Type 1 Diabetes, 14 with Type 2 Diabetes, 6 with both and one with Gestational Diabetes. Only one paper studied adolescent subjects while the other 21 focused on a range of adult subjects. The studies showed that Yoga and Mindfulness have strong potential not only on stress management, but also on clinical-metabolic parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The recent Covid-19 pandemic has certainly redesigned a new way of treating and managing chronic diseases, such as diabetes. An increasingly fragile population, and with the growing need to reduce overall stress levels, could find alternative practices in Yoga and Mindfulness to support conventional therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139541474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita
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