اسوہ حسنہ اورمغربی ذہن کے اشکالات....استشراقی فکرکے تناظرمیں تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ Western mind always remains muddled to fathom the Islamic belief “Prophethood” but it is grand reality that the West has contributed a lot in “Sirah Writing” from 17th to the present age. Although, in primary literature, Western scholars have delineated their abhorrence in this regard, without any research analysis. They usually used to twist the facts and misinterpret the text in attempt to sustain their assumption under their own perception. In the present age, literary change is seen in Western Writings that scholars have admired categorically the demonstrative Personality of Mohammad (PBUH) as well as they have praised his attributes as authoritative leader, Reformer, Peace maker etc. It will discuss the changes which were seen in Western writings about Sirah and analysis the causes and facts accordingly. It will also throw light on the Western assumption about Prophet Muhammad (PBUH); which has been prevailed in their writings before 19th even changed now. Islam is religion of Peace and Prophet of Islam has sent as” Blessing for All the Universe” from God Almighty so the question is what are the motives to bring forward theses western suppositions in this regard and at what extent it will affect? It will be discussed through comparative analysis among the Sirah books by Western Scholars Maxim Rodinson, Karen Armstrong and Michael Cook.
{"title":"Western Understanding of the Sirah of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) with Orientalistic Approach.... A Critical Analysis","authors":"Fozia Fiaz, Ammara Tabassum, Naeem Qaiser Alazhari","doi":"10.54064/negotiations.v1i3.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54064/negotiations.v1i3.29","url":null,"abstract":"اسوہ حسنہ اورمغربی ذہن کے اشکالات....استشراقی فکرکے تناظرمیں \u0000تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ \u0000Western mind always remains muddled to fathom the Islamic belief “Prophethood” but it is grand reality that the West has contributed a lot in “Sirah Writing” from 17th to the present age. Although, in primary literature, Western scholars have delineated their abhorrence in this regard, without any research analysis. They usually used to twist the facts and misinterpret the text in attempt to sustain their assumption under their own perception. In the present age, literary change is seen in Western Writings that scholars have admired categorically the demonstrative Personality of Mohammad (PBUH) as well as they have praised his attributes as authoritative leader, Reformer, Peace maker etc. It will discuss the changes which were seen in Western writings about Sirah and analysis the causes and facts accordingly. It will also throw light on the Western assumption about Prophet Muhammad (PBUH); which has been prevailed in their writings before 19th even changed now. Islam is religion of Peace and Prophet of Islam has sent as” Blessing for All the Universe” from God Almighty so the question is what are the motives to bring forward theses western suppositions in this regard and at what extent it will affect? It will be discussed through comparative analysis among the Sirah books by Western Scholars Maxim Rodinson, Karen Armstrong and Michael Cook.","PeriodicalId":80023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of collective negotiations in the public sector","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77653437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-22DOI: 10.54064/negotiations.v1i3.31
Muhammad Bilal Ahmad, Muhammad Qasim Ali, Naveed Zainab
The study explores the comparative analysis of secondary school teachers’ attitude toward teaching English as a second language. The major objective of the study was; to find out secondary school teachers’ attitude toward teaching English related to different demographics. The researcher used quantitative research method that was descriptive in nature. The population of the study comprised all the male and female teachers at Secondary level in province of Punjab, Pakistan. The researchers selected the secondary school teachers in districts: Lahore, Multan, Sialkot and Vehari as the sample of the study. Questionnaire was used as a research tool for the study. The researchers distributed the questionnaire among the respondents of the study and collected data. For data analysis, researcher used the statistical techniques of mean score, t-test and ANOVA. The findings of the study informed that difference in mean scores of male and female teachers was not significant, t-value = -.075, p=.634>0.05. It was found that there was a significant difference in teachers’ attitude towards teaching English as second language having professional qualification of B.Ed. and M.Ed. at secondary school level, t-value = .521, p=.047<0.05. It was concluded that male and female respondents have almost same type of attitude of teaching English as second language.
{"title":"Secondary School Teachers’ Attitude Toward Teaching English as a Second Language: A Comparative Study","authors":"Muhammad Bilal Ahmad, Muhammad Qasim Ali, Naveed Zainab","doi":"10.54064/negotiations.v1i3.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54064/negotiations.v1i3.31","url":null,"abstract":"The study explores the comparative analysis of secondary school teachers’ attitude toward teaching English as a second language. The major objective of the study was; to find out secondary school teachers’ attitude toward teaching English related to different demographics. The researcher used quantitative research method that was descriptive in nature. The population of the study comprised all the male and female teachers at Secondary level in province of Punjab, Pakistan. The researchers selected the secondary school teachers in districts: Lahore, Multan, Sialkot and Vehari as the sample of the study. Questionnaire was used as a research tool for the study. The researchers distributed the questionnaire among the respondents of the study and collected data. For data analysis, researcher used the statistical techniques of mean score, t-test and ANOVA. The findings of the study informed that difference in mean scores of male and female teachers was not significant, t-value = -.075, p=.634>0.05. It was found that there was a significant difference in teachers’ attitude towards teaching English as second language having professional qualification of B.Ed. and M.Ed. at secondary school level, t-value = .521, p=.047<0.05. It was concluded that male and female respondents have almost same type of attitude of teaching English as second language.","PeriodicalId":80023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of collective negotiations in the public sector","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87226869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-22DOI: 10.54064/negotiations.v1i3.25
Saira Irshad, Madiha Naeem
عمران اقبال کی افسانہ نگاری میں تانیثی شعور Imran Iqbal's name is prominent in Urdu fiction. He is from Bahawalpur but he is residing in the United States for employment. Imran Iqbal tried his hand at travelogues, fiction, novels and memoirs. He has made women and her issues the subject of his fictions. Imran Iqbal has presented a true picture of a woman who at every step faces various forms of male repressive behavior, outdated customs, husband and father-in-law atrocities, domestic violence and sexual harassment. Her fiction depicts women's psychological problems, the sexual appetites of landlords, capitalists, bureaucrats and top officials. Imran Iqbal has awakened Tanila consciousness through his pen.
{"title":"Feminine Consciousness in Imran Iqbal's Fiction Writing","authors":"Saira Irshad, Madiha Naeem","doi":"10.54064/negotiations.v1i3.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54064/negotiations.v1i3.25","url":null,"abstract":"عمران اقبال کی افسانہ نگاری میں تانیثی شعور \u0000Imran Iqbal's name is prominent in Urdu fiction. He is from Bahawalpur but he is residing in the United States for employment. Imran Iqbal tried his hand at travelogues, fiction, novels and memoirs. He has made women and her issues the subject of his fictions. Imran Iqbal has presented a true picture of a woman who at every step faces various forms of male repressive behavior, outdated customs, husband and father-in-law atrocities, domestic violence and sexual harassment. Her fiction depicts women's psychological problems, the sexual appetites of landlords, capitalists, bureaucrats and top officials. Imran Iqbal has awakened Tanila consciousness through his pen.","PeriodicalId":80023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of collective negotiations in the public sector","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77044766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.54064/negotiations.v1i2.19
F. Hashmi, Imran Rashid
Enough of humiliation and what India calls as defaming by the resolutions by OIC on Kashmir, India has dealt with the challenges it had to face to enter into OIC. The tale of challenges faced by India, and the reciprocal attitude of New Delhi is a concrete depiction of international politics based on national interests, and where International organizations voice for human rights but get overpowered by individual member’s national interests. This piece of paper encompasses a show of challenges what India had to face, could overcome them and how creating challenges for its rivals.
{"title":"Challenges for Indian Entry into Organisation of Islamic Countries (OIC)","authors":"F. Hashmi, Imran Rashid","doi":"10.54064/negotiations.v1i2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54064/negotiations.v1i2.19","url":null,"abstract":"Enough of humiliation and what India calls as defaming by the resolutions by OIC on Kashmir, India has dealt with the challenges it had to face to enter into OIC. The tale of challenges faced by India, and the reciprocal attitude of New Delhi is a concrete depiction of international politics based on national interests, and where International organizations voice for human rights but get overpowered by individual member’s national interests. This piece of paper encompasses a show of challenges what India had to face, could overcome them and how creating challenges for its rivals.","PeriodicalId":80023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of collective negotiations in the public sector","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88965369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.54064/negotiations.v1i2.10
Shazia Naseem
تواریخ ادبیات اُردو کا فروغِ ادب میں کردار History is political, cultural or literary, is a social and social study. History writers have a great significance. If they are not unbelievable or not aware, then there are many misconceptions in the future. Therefore, history writers should always be obscurely, self-confident and powerful. The history and research capabilities of the writer in history are estimated. If a historian is not a researcher, then he is unable to present the truth. Similarly, a history trader does not have critical ability, he can try to review the facts. The historian not only parses events, but also offers a unique map of culture and culture. History of literature is especially described by culture and culture. History of the History of Urdu, it is known that historian literature is an important role in the promotion of Urdu. If the dates are removed, the understanding of literary literature will be impossible, that is why historians also play an important role promoting literature.
{"title":"Importance of the History of Urdu Literature","authors":"Shazia Naseem","doi":"10.54064/negotiations.v1i2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54064/negotiations.v1i2.10","url":null,"abstract":"تواریخ ادبیات اُردو کا فروغِ ادب میں کردار \u0000History is political, cultural or literary, is a social and social study. History writers have a great significance. If they are not unbelievable or not aware, then there are many misconceptions in the future. Therefore, history writers should always be obscurely, self-confident and powerful. The history and research capabilities of the writer in history are estimated. If a historian is not a researcher, then he is unable to present the truth. Similarly, a history trader does not have critical ability, he can try to review the facts. The historian not only parses events, but also offers a unique map of culture and culture. History of literature is especially described by culture and culture. History of the History of Urdu, it is known that historian literature is an important role in the promotion of Urdu. If the dates are removed, the understanding of literary literature will be impossible, that is why historians also play an important role promoting literature.","PeriodicalId":80023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of collective negotiations in the public sector","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83885140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.54064/negotiations.v1i2.20
Zaitoon Fatma, Saadia Imtiaz
اجوکی کافی دا وَڈا شاعر:افضال حسین گیلانی Kafi is a genre of Poetry that is found in the poetry of Sufis. It contains accessories such as Naat, Manqabat, and Qasida where the state of distance and the pleasure of connection are maintained. Kafi began with Shah Hussain and many Sufi poets experimented with it. One of them is Syed Afzal Hussain Gilani who has described Kafi as a classical tradition as well as a contemporary one. This article discusses Syed Afzal Hussain Gilani's Kafies.
{"title":"The Great Poet of Today’s Kafi: Afzal Hussain Gilani","authors":"Zaitoon Fatma, Saadia Imtiaz","doi":"10.54064/negotiations.v1i2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54064/negotiations.v1i2.20","url":null,"abstract":"اجوکی کافی دا وَڈا شاعر:افضال حسین گیلانی \u0000Kafi is a genre of Poetry that is found in the poetry of Sufis. It contains accessories such as Naat, Manqabat, and Qasida where the state of distance and the pleasure of connection are maintained. Kafi began with Shah Hussain and many Sufi poets experimented with it. One of them is Syed Afzal Hussain Gilani who has described Kafi as a classical tradition as well as a contemporary one. This article discusses Syed Afzal Hussain Gilani's Kafies.","PeriodicalId":80023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of collective negotiations in the public sector","volume":"105 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78009903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.54064/negotiations.v1i2.17
S. Bano, Faiz Adil
اردو اور ہندی کا لسانی اشتراک و افتراق Initially was only language used to express human ideas. In every age, along with customs and traditions, language also went through stages of evaluation. That is why language of each region is unique. This uniqueness of languages is of its identity. Like human beings, languages also have their own families, and different languages grow as sub- branches of language family. They flourish and sometimes thrive and come to life through process of evolution. When some languages die out. Urdu and Hindi also belong to large languages families. They have a deep relationship. And speaking of same relationship, some tinkers do not separate them from each other. When it sometimes thinkers, there is difference between in the two. At a glance, we will mention the linguistic similarities and difference between Urdu and Hindi. Where are places and where there is difference between them, but all of them are mentioned here.
{"title":"Linguistic Similarity and Difference between Urdu and Hindi","authors":"S. Bano, Faiz Adil","doi":"10.54064/negotiations.v1i2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54064/negotiations.v1i2.17","url":null,"abstract":"اردو اور ہندی کا لسانی اشتراک و افتراق \u0000Initially was only language used to express human ideas. In every age, along with customs and traditions, language also went through stages of evaluation. That is why language of each region is unique. This uniqueness of languages is of its identity. Like human beings, languages also have their own families, and different languages grow as sub- branches of language family. They flourish and sometimes thrive and come to life through process of evolution. When some languages die out. Urdu and Hindi also belong to large languages families. They have a deep relationship. And speaking of same relationship, some tinkers do not separate them from each other. When it sometimes thinkers, there is difference between in the two. At a glance, we will mention the linguistic similarities and difference between Urdu and Hindi. Where are places and where there is difference between them, but all of them are mentioned here.","PeriodicalId":80023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of collective negotiations in the public sector","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75959710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.54064/negotiations.v1i2.16
A. Hussain
لسانیات اورمعاشرتی روابط Language is fundamental to any society. It is through language that we can communicate our thoughts to others. The more a language is used, the more it will develop. There are many types of languages including mother tongue, regional language, religious language, official language, business language, national language, international language and so on. When speaking, language and ascent are not taken into consideration, but there is a need to be careful while writing. People who cannot speak a language use specific gestures or symbols to convey their point of view to others. Therefore, we can say that the use of language began as soon as man came into this world.
{"title":"Linguistics and Social Connections","authors":"A. Hussain","doi":"10.54064/negotiations.v1i2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54064/negotiations.v1i2.16","url":null,"abstract":"لسانیات اورمعاشرتی روابط \u0000Language is fundamental to any society. It is through language that we can communicate our thoughts to others. The more a language is used, the more it will develop. There are many types of languages including mother tongue, regional language, religious language, official language, business language, national language, international language and so on. When speaking, language and ascent are not taken into consideration, but there is a need to be careful while writing. People who cannot speak a language use specific gestures or symbols to convey their point of view to others. Therefore, we can say that the use of language began as soon as man came into this world.","PeriodicalId":80023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of collective negotiations in the public sector","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89155679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-09-01DOI: 10.2190/2VNT-PD4K-YE1V-10XK
R. S. Rubin
As the development of collective bargaining in the public sector continues, concern mounts over the problem of providing public employees with high quality medical care without skyrocketing costs. A recent survey reflects a trend away from traditional Blue Cross/Blue Shield plans toward employer-funded comprehensive benefits.
{"title":"Health insurance in the public sector.","authors":"R. S. Rubin","doi":"10.2190/2VNT-PD4K-YE1V-10XK","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/2VNT-PD4K-YE1V-10XK","url":null,"abstract":"As the development of collective bargaining in the public sector continues, concern mounts over the problem of providing public employees with high quality medical care without skyrocketing costs. A recent survey reflects a trend away from traditional Blue Cross/Blue Shield plans toward employer-funded comprehensive benefits.","PeriodicalId":80023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of collective negotiations in the public sector","volume":"9 3 1","pages":"253-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68806840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-06-01DOI: 10.2190/G4R9-WX41-KULW-6C8F
J. Klover, D. B. Stephens, V. Luchsinger
This study investigated current perceptions of a sample of unionized and non-unionized physicians toward the concept of collective bargaining. Specific areas for study were the issues that have motivated and might motivate physicians to unionize, as well as the individuals or institutions physicians perceive as the opponent in collective bargaining. The analysis showed that economic considerations and the imposition of external controls on the practice of medicine dominate the physicians' perceptions. Government and health insurance companies are perceived as the primary adversaries. Perceptual differences between unionized and non-unionized physicians were shown to be small.
{"title":"Contemporary perceptions of unionization in the medical profession: a study of attitudes of unionized and non-union physicians.","authors":"J. Klover, D. B. Stephens, V. Luchsinger","doi":"10.2190/G4R9-WX41-KULW-6C8F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/G4R9-WX41-KULW-6C8F","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated current perceptions of a sample of unionized and non-unionized physicians toward the concept of collective bargaining. Specific areas for study were the issues that have motivated and might motivate physicians to unionize, as well as the individuals or institutions physicians perceive as the opponent in collective bargaining. The analysis showed that economic considerations and the imposition of external controls on the practice of medicine dominate the physicians' perceptions. Government and health insurance companies are perceived as the primary adversaries. Perceptual differences between unionized and non-unionized physicians were shown to be small.","PeriodicalId":80023,"journal":{"name":"Journal of collective negotiations in the public sector","volume":"9 2 1","pages":"107-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68183647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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