Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1007/s12149-025-02014-x
Oona Rainio, Riku Klén
Dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to non-invasively estimate the blood flow of different organs via compartmental modeling. Out of different PET tracers, water labeled with the radioactive (^{15})O isotope of oxygen (half-life of 2.04 min) is freely diffusable, and therefore, very well-suited for blood flow quantification. While the earlier (^{15})O-water PET research has primarily focused on cerebral or myocardial blood flow quantification, the recent emergence of total-body PET scanners has enabled greater application possibilities for both PET imaging in general and also (^{15})O-water PET based blood flow quantification in particular. However, to validate new methods, it is necessary to compare them to earlier research. To help in this process, we systematically review 53 articles quantifying blood flow via compartmental modeling. We introduce the articles organized within subcategories of cerebral, myocardial, renal, pulmonary, pancreatic, hepatic, muscle, and tumor blood flow and summarize their results so that they can easily be evaluated in terms of population characteristics of the patients such as age or sex ratio and their potential diagnoses. We compare how both the compartment model used and the potential corrections for arterial blood volume, non-perfusable tissue, spill-over from the heart cavities, and time delay caused while the tracer travels between different areas of interest are generally implemented in the articles. We also analyze the differences in the data pre-processing techniques. According to our results, the estimates of cerebral and tumor blood flow vary considerably more between the articles than those of myocardial blood flow. This might be caused by differences in the model approaches or the study populations. We also note that the choice of the unit for these estimates is quite inconsistent as certain researchers seem to prefer mL/min/g over mL/min/mL even if no weight or density parameter is present in the modeling. We encourage more research on sex- and age-based differences in blood flow estimates and organ-specific blood flow quantification studies for kidneys, lungs, liver, and other important organs besides brain and heart.
{"title":"Compartmental modeling for blood flow quantification from dynamic (^{15})O-water PET images of humans: a systematic review","authors":"Oona Rainio, Riku Klén","doi":"10.1007/s12149-025-02014-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-025-02014-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to non-invasively estimate the blood flow of different organs via compartmental modeling. Out of different PET tracers, water labeled with the radioactive <span>(^{15})</span>O isotope of oxygen (half-life of 2.04 min) is freely diffusable, and therefore, very well-suited for blood flow quantification. While the earlier <span>(^{15})</span>O-water PET research has primarily focused on cerebral or myocardial blood flow quantification, the recent emergence of total-body PET scanners has enabled greater application possibilities for both PET imaging in general and also <span>(^{15})</span>O-water PET based blood flow quantification in particular. However, to validate new methods, it is necessary to compare them to earlier research. To help in this process, we systematically review 53 articles quantifying blood flow via compartmental modeling. We introduce the articles organized within subcategories of cerebral, myocardial, renal, pulmonary, pancreatic, hepatic, muscle, and tumor blood flow and summarize their results so that they can easily be evaluated in terms of population characteristics of the patients such as age or sex ratio and their potential diagnoses. We compare how both the compartment model used and the potential corrections for arterial blood volume, non-perfusable tissue, spill-over from the heart cavities, and time delay caused while the tracer travels between different areas of interest are generally implemented in the articles. We also analyze the differences in the data pre-processing techniques. According to our results, the estimates of cerebral and tumor blood flow vary considerably more between the articles than those of myocardial blood flow. This might be caused by differences in the model approaches or the study populations. We also note that the choice of the unit for these estimates is quite inconsistent as certain researchers seem to prefer mL/min/g over mL/min/mL even if no weight or density parameter is present in the modeling. We encourage more research on sex- and age-based differences in blood flow estimates and organ-specific blood flow quantification studies for kidneys, lungs, liver, and other important organs besides brain and heart.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":"231 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12149-025-02014-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Using 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters to differentiate post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH), and PTLD subtypes.
Methods: 18F-FDG PET/CT and clinical data from 63 PTLD cases and 19 RLH cases were retrospectively collected. According to the 2017 WHO classification, PTLD was categorized into four subtypes: nondestructive (ND-PTLD), polymorphic (P-PTLD), monomorphic (M-PTLD), and classic Hodgkin. Metabolic parameters included maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and at different thresholds of SUVmax (2.5 and 41%), as well as gross tumor volume (GTV) was also collected. Nonparametric test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used for statistics.
Results: There were 42 ND-PTLD patients, 7 P-PTLD patients, and 14 M-PTLD patients. Ki-67 was significantly correlated with all metabolic parameters (P all < 0.01). SUVmean, SUVmax, MTV, TLG and GTV were all highest in M-PTLD, followed by P-PTLD, ND-PTLD, and RLH. ROC curves showed 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters all had moderate diagnostic efficacy in differentiating between PTLD and RLH, the area under the curves (AUC) range from 0.682 to 0.747. Diagnostic efficacy for P-PTLD + M-PTLD showed excellent performance (AUC for RLH + ND-PTLD vs P-PTLD + M-PTLD was 0.848 for SUVmax, 0.846 for SUVmean41%, 0.834 for SUVmean2.5, and 0.819 for GTV). For MTV41%, TLG 41%, MTV2.5, TLG2.5, the AUC was 0.676, 0.761, 0.761, 0.787, respectively.
Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters at different thresholds of SUVmax (2.5 and 41%) exhibited comparable diagnostic efficacy for PTLD and its subtypes. All metabolic parameters demonstrated moderate diagnostic efficacy in distinguishing PTLD and RLH. SUVmax, SUVmean41%, SUVmean2.5 and GTV showed excellent performance in diagnosing P-PTLD + M-PTLD.
{"title":"Utility of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters on post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder diagnosis.","authors":"Guoying Zhang, Jie Shen, Tianpeng Hu, Wei Zheng, Qiang Jia, Jian Tan, Zhaowei Meng","doi":"10.1007/s12149-025-02016-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-025-02016-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Using <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters to differentiate post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH), and PTLD subtypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT and clinical data from 63 PTLD cases and 19 RLH cases were retrospectively collected. According to the 2017 WHO classification, PTLD was categorized into four subtypes: nondestructive (ND-PTLD), polymorphic (P-PTLD), monomorphic (M-PTLD), and classic Hodgkin. Metabolic parameters included maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and at different thresholds of SUVmax (2.5 and 41%), as well as gross tumor volume (GTV) was also collected. Nonparametric test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used for statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 42 ND-PTLD patients, 7 P-PTLD patients, and 14 M-PTLD patients. Ki-67 was significantly correlated with all metabolic parameters (P all < 0.01). SUVmean, SUVmax, MTV, TLG and GTV were all highest in M-PTLD, followed by P-PTLD, ND-PTLD, and RLH. ROC curves showed <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters all had moderate diagnostic efficacy in differentiating between PTLD and RLH, the area under the curves (AUC) range from 0.682 to 0.747. Diagnostic efficacy for P-PTLD + M-PTLD showed excellent performance (AUC for RLH + ND-PTLD vs P-PTLD + M-PTLD was 0.848 for SUVmax, 0.846 for SUVmean<sub>41%</sub>, 0.834 for SUVmean<sub>2.5</sub>, and 0.819 for GTV). For MTV<sub>41%</sub>, TLG <sub>41%</sub>, MTV<sub>2.5</sub>, TLG<sub>2.5</sub>, the AUC was 0.676, 0.761, 0.761, 0.787, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters at different thresholds of SUVmax (2.5 and 41%) exhibited comparable diagnostic efficacy for PTLD and its subtypes. All metabolic parameters demonstrated moderate diagnostic efficacy in distinguishing PTLD and RLH. SUVmax, SUVmean<sub>41%</sub>, SUVmean<sub>2.5</sub> and GTV showed excellent performance in diagnosing P-PTLD + M-PTLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1007/s12149-024-02011-6
Başak Soydaş-Turan, M Fani Bozkurt, Gonca Eldem, Bora Peynircioglu, Omer Ugur, Bilge Volkan-Salanci
Objective: To compare the acute (within 30 days of treatment) laboratory toxicities of Yttrium-90 (Y-90) resin and glass microspheres.
Methods: Selective intra-arterial radionuclide therapies (SIRTs) with Y-90 resin and glass microspheres were retrospectively reviewed. Liver-hematological data were collected at baseline and at 1 week and 1 month follow-up. The percentage change of laboratory data and the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score were calculated.
Results: A total of 219 SIRTs (n: 110 resin, n: 109 glass) from 177 patients were included. There was no difference in age, liver pathologies, extrahepatic disease, baseline liver function tests, and total blood counts between the two microsphere groups. Administered activity was higher in treatments with Y-90 glass microspheres (p < 0.001). An increase in serum liver enzymes was observed after treatment with both microspheres. The difference between the treatment groups was the higher percentage increase of AST and ALT at the first week following Y-90 glass treatment (p < 0.001). However, this situation was not observed after 1 month. No difference in the percentage change of other laboratory parameters was found between two groups. The number of patients with an increase [resin n: 24 (24.7%) vs glass n: 26 (27.1%), p: 0.711) and decrease [resin n: 13 (13.4%) vs glass n: 8 (8.3%), p: 0.258] in the ALBI grade after SIRT was similar among groups.
Conclusions: An increase in liver enzymes was observed in the early period after SIRT with both microspheres. No significant difference in liver and hematological data was detected during early follow-up between the two groups, except that the percentage increase of AST and ALT were higher at the first week in the Y-90 glass group, possibly due to higher administered activity.
{"title":"Comparing laboratory toxicity of selective intra-arterial radionuclide therapy for primary and metastatic liver tumors: resin versus glass microspheres.","authors":"Başak Soydaş-Turan, M Fani Bozkurt, Gonca Eldem, Bora Peynircioglu, Omer Ugur, Bilge Volkan-Salanci","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-02011-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-024-02011-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the acute (within 30 days of treatment) laboratory toxicities of Yttrium-90 (Y-90) resin and glass microspheres.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Selective intra-arterial radionuclide therapies (SIRTs) with Y-90 resin and glass microspheres were retrospectively reviewed. Liver-hematological data were collected at baseline and at 1 week and 1 month follow-up. The percentage change of laboratory data and the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 219 SIRTs (n: 110 resin, n: 109 glass) from 177 patients were included. There was no difference in age, liver pathologies, extrahepatic disease, baseline liver function tests, and total blood counts between the two microsphere groups. Administered activity was higher in treatments with Y-90 glass microspheres (p < 0.001). An increase in serum liver enzymes was observed after treatment with both microspheres. The difference between the treatment groups was the higher percentage increase of AST and ALT at the first week following Y-90 glass treatment (p < 0.001). However, this situation was not observed after 1 month. No difference in the percentage change of other laboratory parameters was found between two groups. The number of patients with an increase [resin n: 24 (24.7%) vs glass n: 26 (27.1%), p: 0.711) and decrease [resin n: 13 (13.4%) vs glass n: 8 (8.3%), p: 0.258] in the ALBI grade after SIRT was similar among groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An increase in liver enzymes was observed in the early period after SIRT with both microspheres. No significant difference in liver and hematological data was detected during early follow-up between the two groups, except that the percentage increase of AST and ALT were higher at the first week in the Y-90 glass group, possibly due to higher administered activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1007/s12149-025-02015-w
Priscilla Guglielmo, Nicolò Buffi, Angelo Porreca, Lucia Setti, Demetrio Aricò, Lorenzo Muraglia, Laura Evangelista
The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the role of PSMA PET/CT in intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients, to determine whether it could help improve treatment strategy and prognostic stratification. A systematic literature search up to May 2024 was conducted in the PubMed, Embase and Scopus databases. Articles with mixed risk patient populations, review articles, editorials, letters, comments, or case reports were excluded. The quality of the papers was assessed by using the CASP criteria. The literature search returned 1111 studies; however, 1105 articles were excluded, and therefore 6 full-text papers were retrieved for the final analysis. Three out of six papers focused on the utility of SUVmax in identifying high ISUP grade in patients with intermediate-risk PCa. The latest three papers discussed the controversial role of PSMA PET/CT in predicting the lymph node involvement, mainly in the case of favorable subset. PSMA PET has completely changed the management of patients with PCa; indeed its role is still undefined in patients with intermediate-risk disease. Future perspective is to investigate larger cohorts of intermediate-risk PCa patients, to fully recognize the added value offered by PSMA PET in this category of subjects.
{"title":"Current insights on PSMA PET/CT in intermediate-risk prostate cancer: a literature review","authors":"Priscilla Guglielmo, Nicolò Buffi, Angelo Porreca, Lucia Setti, Demetrio Aricò, Lorenzo Muraglia, Laura Evangelista","doi":"10.1007/s12149-025-02015-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-025-02015-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the role of PSMA PET/CT in intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients, to determine whether it could help improve treatment strategy and prognostic stratification. A systematic literature search up to May 2024 was conducted in the PubMed, Embase and Scopus databases. Articles with mixed risk patient populations, review articles, editorials, letters, comments, or case reports were excluded. The quality of the papers was assessed by using the CASP criteria. The literature search returned 1111 studies; however, 1105 articles were excluded, and therefore 6 full-text papers were retrieved for the final analysis. Three out of six papers focused on the utility of SUVmax in identifying high ISUP grade in patients with intermediate-risk PCa. The latest three papers discussed the controversial role of PSMA PET/CT in predicting the lymph node involvement, mainly in the case of favorable subset. PSMA PET has completely changed the management of patients with PCa; indeed its role is still undefined in patients with intermediate-risk disease. Future perspective is to investigate larger cohorts of intermediate-risk PCa patients, to fully recognize the added value offered by PSMA PET in this category of subjects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":"247 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1007/s12149-024-02012-5
Yang Liu, Fei Wang, Yufei Song, Xiaochuan Zhou, Xin Zhou, Changzhi Du, Yan Cui, Yitong Liu, Nan Li
Objective: To explore the clinical efficiency of using the sentinel lymph node (SLN) imaging agent 99mTc-rituximab for lymphoscintigraphy and SLN biopsy (SLNB) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 23 patients with OSCC who underwent 99mTc-rituximab lymphoscintigraphy and SLNB. The cohort comprised 16 men (69.6%) and 7 women (30.4%) with a median age of 64.0 years (range: 33-90 years). All patients received a preoperative peritumoral injection of 99mTc-rituximab. The SLN detection rates (SDRs) of SLN imaging and SLNB were analyzed. The localizations of SLNs were counted. Patients were followed up after surgery. Differences were considered significant for a p-value of less than 0.05.
Results: The SDRs of lymphoscintigraphy and SLNB were 91.3% (21/23) and 100.0% (23/23), respectively. The SDRs of lymphoscintigraphy for patients in pathological stages I/II and III/IVa were 100.0% (15/15) and 75.0% (6/8), respectively. Among the 2 patients with negative imaging results, both were stage IVa and both had SLN metastasis. The SLNs were located in levels Ib, IIa, IIb, III, and IV, accounting for 45.0% (18/40), 40.0% (16/40), 10.0% (4/40), 2.5% (1/40), and 2.5% (1/40), respectively. The median follow-up duration was 32.0 months (range: 13.0-68.0 months). During follow-up, none of the 23 patients (100.0%) showed lymph node (LN) metastasis. As a result, the sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were all 100.0%.
Conclusions: The application of 99mTc-rituximab for SLN imaging and SLNB in OSCC patients demonstrated high detection rates and accuracy, holding significant clinical value.
{"title":"First study on the efficiency of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-rituximab for sentinel lymph node mapping and biopsy in oral squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Yang Liu, Fei Wang, Yufei Song, Xiaochuan Zhou, Xin Zhou, Changzhi Du, Yan Cui, Yitong Liu, Nan Li","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-02012-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-024-02012-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the clinical efficiency of using the sentinel lymph node (SLN) imaging agent <sup>99m</sup>Tc-rituximab for lymphoscintigraphy and SLN biopsy (SLNB) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on 23 patients with OSCC who underwent <sup>99m</sup>Tc-rituximab lymphoscintigraphy and SLNB. The cohort comprised 16 men (69.6%) and 7 women (30.4%) with a median age of 64.0 years (range: 33-90 years). All patients received a preoperative peritumoral injection of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-rituximab. The SLN detection rates (SDRs) of SLN imaging and SLNB were analyzed. The localizations of SLNs were counted. Patients were followed up after surgery. Differences were considered significant for a p-value of less than 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SDRs of lymphoscintigraphy and SLNB were 91.3% (21/23) and 100.0% (23/23), respectively. The SDRs of lymphoscintigraphy for patients in pathological stages I/II and III/IVa were 100.0% (15/15) and 75.0% (6/8), respectively. Among the 2 patients with negative imaging results, both were stage IVa and both had SLN metastasis. The SLNs were located in levels Ib, IIa, IIb, III, and IV, accounting for 45.0% (18/40), 40.0% (16/40), 10.0% (4/40), 2.5% (1/40), and 2.5% (1/40), respectively. The median follow-up duration was 32.0 months (range: 13.0-68.0 months). During follow-up, none of the 23 patients (100.0%) showed lymph node (LN) metastasis. As a result, the sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were all 100.0%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The application of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-rituximab for SLN imaging and SLNB in OSCC patients demonstrated high detection rates and accuracy, holding significant clinical value.</p>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142891501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1007/s12149-024-01991-9
Ruben D. de Ruiter, Jolien Zwama, Pieter G. H. M. Raijmakers, Maqsood Yaqub, George L. Burchell, Ronald Boellaard, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Elisabeth M. W. Eekhoff
Purpose
[18F]NaF PET has become an increasingly important tool in clinical practice toward understanding and evaluating diseases and conditions in which bone metabolism is disrupted. Full kinetic analysis using nonlinear regression (NLR) with a two-tissue compartment model to determine the net rate of influx (Ki) of [18F]NaF is considered the gold standard for quantification of [18F]NaF uptake. However, dynamic scanning often is impractical in a clinical setting, leading to the development of simplified semi-quantitative parameters. This systematic review investigated which uptake parameters have been used to evaluate bone disorders and how they have been validated to measure disease activity.
Methods
A literature search (in PubMed, Embase.com, and Clarivate Analytics/Web of Science Core Collection) was performed up to 28th November 2023, in collaboration with an information specialist. Each database was searched for relevant literature regarding the use of [18F]NAF PET/CT to measure disease activity in bone-related disorders. The main aim was to explore whether the reported semi-quantitative uptake values were validated against full kinetic analysis. A second aim was to investigate whether the chosen uptake parameter correlated with a disease-specific outcome or marker, validating its use as a clinical outcome or disease marker.
Results
The initial search included 1636 articles leading to 92 studies spanning 29 different bone-related conditions in which [18F]NaF PET was used to quantify [18F]NaF uptake. In 12 bone-related disorders, kinetic analysis was performed and compared with simplified uptake parameters. SUVmean (standardized uptake value) and SUVmax were used most frequently, though normalization of these values varied greatly between studies. In some disorders, various studies were performed evaluating [18F]NaF uptake as a marker of bone metabolism, but unfortunately, not all studies used this same approach, making it difficult to compare results between those studies.
Conclusion
When using [18F]NaF PET to evaluate disease activity or treatment response in various bone-related disorders, it is essential to detail scanning protocols and analytical procedures. The most accurate outcome parameter can only be obtained through kinetic analysis and is better suited for research. Simplified uptake parameters are better suited for routine clinical practice and repeated measurements.
目的：[18F]NaF PET已成为临床实践中越来越重要的工具，用于了解和评估骨代谢紊乱的疾病和状况。采用非线性回归（NLR）和双组织室模型进行全动力学分析，以确定[18F]NaF的净流入速率（Ki），这被认为是量化[18F]NaF摄取的金标准。然而，动态扫描在临床环境中往往是不切实际的，导致了简化的半定量参数的发展。本系统综述调查了哪些摄取参数被用于评估骨疾病，以及它们如何被验证来测量疾病活动性。方法：与一名信息专家合作，检索文献（PubMed、Embase.com和Clarivate Analytics/Web of Science Core Collection），检索时间截止到2023年11月28日。检索各数据库中有关使用[18F]NAF PET/CT测量骨相关疾病疾病活动性的相关文献。主要目的是探讨报告的半定量摄取值是否与全动力学分析相验证。第二个目的是调查所选择的摄取参数是否与疾病特异性结果或标志物相关，验证其作为临床结果或疾病标志物的用途。结果：最初的检索包括1636篇文章，涉及92项研究，涉及29种不同的骨相关疾病，其中使用[18F]NaF PET量化[18F]NaF摄取。对12种骨相关疾病进行动力学分析，并与简化摄取参数进行比较。SUVmean（标准化摄取值）和SUVmax是最常用的，尽管这些值的标准化在研究之间差异很大。在一些疾病中，人们进行了各种研究来评估[18F]NaF摄取作为骨代谢的标志物，但不幸的是，并不是所有的研究都使用了相同的方法，因此很难比较这些研究的结果。结论：当使用[18F]NaF PET评估各种骨相关疾病的疾病活动性或治疗反应时，详细的扫描方案和分析程序至关重要。只有通过动力学分析才能得到最准确的结果参数，更适合于研究。简化摄取参数更适合常规临床实践和重复测量。
{"title":"Validation of quantitative [18F]NaF PET uptake parameters in bone diseases: a systematic review","authors":"Ruben D. de Ruiter, Jolien Zwama, Pieter G. H. M. Raijmakers, Maqsood Yaqub, George L. Burchell, Ronald Boellaard, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Elisabeth M. W. Eekhoff","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-01991-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-01991-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>[<sup>18</sup>F]NaF PET has become an increasingly important tool in clinical practice toward understanding and evaluating diseases and conditions in which bone metabolism is disrupted. Full kinetic analysis using nonlinear regression (NLR) with a two-tissue compartment model to determine the net rate of influx (<i>K</i><sub><i>i</i></sub>) of [<sup>18</sup>F]NaF is considered the gold standard for quantification of [<sup>18</sup>F]NaF uptake. However, dynamic scanning often is impractical in a clinical setting, leading to the development of simplified semi-quantitative parameters. This systematic review investigated which uptake parameters have been used to evaluate bone disorders and how they have been validated to measure disease activity.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A literature search (in PubMed, Embase.com, and Clarivate Analytics/Web of Science Core Collection) was performed up to 28th November 2023, in collaboration with an information specialist. Each database was searched for relevant literature regarding the use of [<sup>18</sup>F]NAF PET/CT to measure disease activity in bone-related disorders. The main aim was to explore whether the reported semi-quantitative uptake values were validated against full kinetic analysis. A second aim was to investigate whether the chosen uptake parameter correlated with a disease-specific outcome or marker, validating its use as a clinical outcome or disease marker.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The initial search included 1636 articles leading to 92 studies spanning 29 different bone-related conditions in which [<sup>18</sup>F]NaF PET was used to quantify [<sup>18</sup>F]NaF uptake. In 12 bone-related disorders, kinetic analysis was performed and compared with simplified uptake parameters. SUV<sub>mean</sub> (standardized uptake value) and SUV<sub>max</sub> were used most frequently, though normalization of these values varied greatly between studies. In some disorders, various studies were performed evaluating [<sup>18</sup>F]NaF uptake as a marker of bone metabolism, but unfortunately, not all studies used this same approach, making it difficult to compare results between those studies.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>When using [<sup>18</sup>F]NaF PET to evaluate disease activity or treatment response in various bone-related disorders, it is essential to detail scanning protocols and analytical procedures. The most accurate outcome parameter can only be obtained through kinetic analysis and is better suited for research. Simplified uptake parameters are better suited for routine clinical practice and repeated measurements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":"98 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12149-024-01991-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142891539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of 5-(5-(2-(2-(2-18F-fluoroethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy) benzofuran-2-yl)-N-methylpyridin-2-amine (18F-FPYBF-2) dynamic PET for patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA).
Methods: The subjects were patients diagnosed with proven amyloidosis (n = 16) including transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) (n = 7) and light chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) (n = 9), of which 4 and 5 with (AL-CA) and without (AL-nCA) cardiac involvement, and 4 control subjects suffering from some symptoms of cardiac failure without amyloidosis (CTL). Thirty minutes dynamic 18F-FPYBF-2 PET/CT was performed to evaluate the time activity curve and the retention index (mRI) as the ratio of the myocardial SUV at 15 to 5 min. The results of bone scan were also evaluated except for 2 AL-nCA cases.
Results: Diffuse 18F-FPYBF-2 distribution in the myocardium was observed within a few minutes in all cases. The accumulation was still seen at 30 min after injection in all the CA cases, while it showed rapid clearance in CTL and AL-nCA cases. The values mRI of the ATTR-CA and AL-CA were significantly higher than CTL and AL-nCA cases, and AL-CA showed higher value than ATTR-CA (p < 0.05), while the positive results of bone scan were observed in all ATTR-CA cases, and in one case of AL-CA.
Conclusions: 18F-FPYBF-2 PET could be a useful tool to evaluate cardiac involvement of amyloidosis and can visualize AL-CA regardless of the results of bone scan.
{"title":"Imaging of cardiac amyloidosis using dynamic <sup>18</sup>F-FPYBF-2 positron emission tomography.","authors":"Chio Okuyama, Yasutaka Inuzuka, Yuzo Takeuchi, Kohsuke Asagoe, Shinya Kagawa, Miki Ito, Kuninori Kusano, Yoshiharu Fujita, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Masahiro Ono, Tatsuya Higashi","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-02010-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-024-02010-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of 5-(5-(2-(2-(2-<sup>18</sup>F-fluoroethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy) benzofuran-2-yl)-N-methylpyridin-2-amine (<sup>18</sup>F-FPYBF-2) dynamic PET for patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The subjects were patients diagnosed with proven amyloidosis (n = 16) including transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) (n = 7) and light chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) (n = 9), of which 4 and 5 with (AL-CA) and without (AL-nCA) cardiac involvement, and 4 control subjects suffering from some symptoms of cardiac failure without amyloidosis (CTL). Thirty minutes dynamic <sup>18</sup>F-FPYBF-2 PET/CT was performed to evaluate the time activity curve and the retention index (mRI) as the ratio of the myocardial SUV at 15 to 5 min. The results of bone scan were also evaluated except for 2 AL-nCA cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diffuse <sup>18</sup>F-FPYBF-2 distribution in the myocardium was observed within a few minutes in all cases. The accumulation was still seen at 30 min after injection in all the CA cases, while it showed rapid clearance in CTL and AL-nCA cases. The values mRI of the ATTR-CA and AL-CA were significantly higher than CTL and AL-nCA cases, and AL-CA showed higher value than ATTR-CA (p < 0.05), while the positive results of bone scan were observed in all ATTR-CA cases, and in one case of AL-CA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><sup>18</sup>F-FPYBF-2 PET could be a useful tool to evaluate cardiac involvement of amyloidosis and can visualize AL-CA regardless of the results of bone scan.</p>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-15DOI: 10.1007/s12149-024-02006-3
Siqi Li, Baojun Sang, Jun Liu, Yuxuan Liu, Yanfeng Xu, Xiaorong Sun, Jigang Yang
Objective: The study aimed to explore the role of fluorine-18-aluminum fluoride-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-octreotide (18F-OC) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in neuroblastoma (NB) and compared it with Iodine-123 labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) scintigraphy with single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), as well as to investigate the feasibility of the modified Curie scoring system and International Society of Pediatric Oncology Europe Neuroblastoma (SIOPEN) skeleton scoring system applied in 18F-OC PET/CT.
Methods: Patients with pathologically confirmed NB underwent 123I-MIBG scintigraphy with SPECT/CT and 18F-OC PET/CT according the standard imaging protocols. The interval between the two imaging techniques ranged from 0 to 22 days (median interval: 9 days). The number of lesions in modified Curie scoring system and SIOPEN skeleton scoring system applied on 123I-MIBG SPECT/CT and 18F-OC PET/CT was compared.
Results: A total of 50 NB patients (male: female = 25:25) with a median age of 62-month-old were enrolled. 123I-MIBG and 18F-OC imaging were positive in 22 patients and negative in 27 patients. 1 patient had positive 18F-OC but negative 123I-MIBG results (p = 1.000). In lesion-based analysis, 18F-OC PET/CT revealed more positive lesions than 123I-MIBG scintigraphy with SPECT/CT (57 vs. 44, p < 0.001), regardless of bone/bone marrow lesions (43 vs. 37, p = 0.031) or soft tissue lesions (14 vs. 7, p = 0.016). The Curie scores of the two imaging techniques showed a significant difference (p = 0.047), whereas no statistic difference for SIOPEN scores (p = 0.688). The Curie and SIOPEN scores were significantly higher in patients with the presence of MYCN amplification or positive bone marrow puncture result (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: 18F-OC could be used in the evaluation of NB, and the modified Curie scoring system could be used to semi-quantify the disease extent of NB in 18F-OC PET/CT.
{"title":"Application of modified Curie and SIOPEN skeleton scoring systems in <sup>18</sup>F-AlF-NOTA-octreotide PET/CT for neuroblastoma.","authors":"Siqi Li, Baojun Sang, Jun Liu, Yuxuan Liu, Yanfeng Xu, Xiaorong Sun, Jigang Yang","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-02006-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-024-02006-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to explore the role of fluorine-18-aluminum fluoride-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-octreotide (<sup>18</sup>F-OC) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in neuroblastoma (NB) and compared it with Iodine-123 labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (<sup>123</sup>I-MIBG) scintigraphy with single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), as well as to investigate the feasibility of the modified Curie scoring system and International Society of Pediatric Oncology Europe Neuroblastoma (SIOPEN) skeleton scoring system applied in <sup>18</sup>F-OC PET/CT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with pathologically confirmed NB underwent <sup>123</sup>I-MIBG scintigraphy with SPECT/CT and <sup>18</sup>F-OC PET/CT according the standard imaging protocols. The interval between the two imaging techniques ranged from 0 to 22 days (median interval: 9 days). The number of lesions in modified Curie scoring system and SIOPEN skeleton scoring system applied on <sup>123</sup>I-MIBG SPECT/CT and <sup>18</sup>F-OC PET/CT was compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 50 NB patients (male: female = 25:25) with a median age of 62-month-old were enrolled. <sup>123</sup>I-MIBG and <sup>18</sup>F-OC imaging were positive in 22 patients and negative in 27 patients. 1 patient had positive <sup>18</sup>F-OC but negative <sup>123</sup>I-MIBG results (p = 1.000). In lesion-based analysis, <sup>18</sup>F-OC PET/CT revealed more positive lesions than <sup>123</sup>I-MIBG scintigraphy with SPECT/CT (57 vs. 44, p < 0.001), regardless of bone/bone marrow lesions (43 vs. 37, p = 0.031) or soft tissue lesions (14 vs. 7, p = 0.016). The Curie scores of the two imaging techniques showed a significant difference (p = 0.047), whereas no statistic difference for SIOPEN scores (p = 0.688). The Curie and SIOPEN scores were significantly higher in patients with the presence of MYCN amplification or positive bone marrow puncture result (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><sup>18</sup>F-OC could be used in the evaluation of NB, and the modified Curie scoring system could be used to semi-quantify the disease extent of NB in <sup>18</sup>F-OC PET/CT.</p>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-14DOI: 10.1007/s12149-024-02009-0
Xin Zhou, Shi Yan, Dan Li, Hua Zhu, Bing Liu, Shiwei Liu, Wei Zhao, Zhi Yang, Nan Wu, Nan Li
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of baseline PD-L1 targeted peptide 68Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT in neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy of resectable NSCLC.
Methods: Patients with resectable NSCLC (n = 20) enrolled in this prospective study received baseline paired 68Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT. After 2-4 cycles of toripalimab plus nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin, surgery was performed if R0 resection was available. The major pathologic response (MPR) state of the post-operative specimen was recorded. The imaging parameters of the 68Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT, 18F-FDG PET/CT and CT between the MPR and non-MPR groups and their predictive efficacy of MPR were compared.
Results: Among 20 patients, 17 patients underwent surgery, 10 achieved an MPR and 7 did not. The SUVmax and tumour-to-blood pool (TBR) of baseline 68Ga-NOTA-WL12 in the MPR group were higher than those in the non-MPR group, and the difference in TBR was statistically significant. The ΔSULpeak% of 18F-FDG exhibited differences between the MPR and non-MPR groups with no significance. Baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters and ΔD% failed to differentiate the two groups. The areas under the ROC curves of SUVmax, TBR in 68Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT, ΔD% and ΔSULpeak% in 18F-FDG PET/CT were 0.76, 0.79, 0.71 and 0.80, respectively, in predicting MPR.
Conclusion: Baseline 68Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT has a potential to predict the pathological response of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in patients with resectable NSCLC, whose efficacy is comparable to that of therapy evaluations employing baseline and follow-up CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations.
Trial registration: NCT04304066, registered 13 November 2020, https://register.
{"title":"Radiolabelled anti-PD-L1 peptide PET/CT in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer.","authors":"Xin Zhou, Shi Yan, Dan Li, Hua Zhu, Bing Liu, Shiwei Liu, Wei Zhao, Zhi Yang, Nan Wu, Nan Li","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-02009-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-024-02009-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of baseline PD-L1 targeted peptide <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT in neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy of resectable NSCLC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with resectable NSCLC (n = 20) enrolled in this prospective study received baseline paired <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT and <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT. After 2-4 cycles of toripalimab plus nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin, surgery was performed if R0 resection was available. The major pathologic response (MPR) state of the post-operative specimen was recorded. The imaging parameters of the <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT, <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT and CT between the MPR and non-MPR groups and their predictive efficacy of MPR were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 20 patients, 17 patients underwent surgery, 10 achieved an MPR and 7 did not. The SUV<sub>max</sub> and tumour-to-blood pool (TBR) of baseline <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-WL12 in the MPR group were higher than those in the non-MPR group, and the difference in TBR was statistically significant. The ΔSUL<sub>peak</sub>% of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG exhibited differences between the MPR and non-MPR groups with no significance. Baseline <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT parameters and ΔD% failed to differentiate the two groups. The areas under the ROC curves of SUV<sub>max</sub>, TBR in <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT, ΔD% and ΔSUL<sub>peak</sub>% in <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT were 0.76, 0.79, 0.71 and 0.80, respectively, in predicting MPR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Baseline <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT has a potential to predict the pathological response of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in patients with resectable NSCLC, whose efficacy is comparable to that of therapy evaluations employing baseline and follow-up CT and <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT examinations.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT04304066, registered 13 November 2020, https://register.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000AEI9&selectaction=Edit&uid=U000503E&ts=2&cx=-awajet .</p>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the clinical utility of a new anthropomorphic phantom that reproduces the chest and abdomen better than the conventional National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) body phantom, count rates and image quality of PET images obtained from patients were evaluated.
Methods
Anthropomorphic phantoms were used to include radioactivity in the lung, liver, kidney, and background regions. Two NEMA body phantoms were used for chest and abdominal assessments. The cross calibration factor (CCF) cylinder phantom was also used to reproduce the distribution of radioactivity outside the field of view, simulating the patient brain. Four types of phantoms were used in the PET imaging experiment, and for each phantom, the prompt coincidence count rates, random coincidence count rates, true + scatter coincidence count rates, and single photon count rates were measured. Then, these count rates were compared with count rates from actual clinical data. PET image quality assessment was done using the parameters, noise equivalent count patient (NECpatient), noise equivalent count density (NECdensity), and liver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Results
Random coincidence count rates showed that the data obtained from each phantom were in good agreement with the clinical data. True + scatter coincidence count rates had better agreement with clinical data when measured for anthropomorphic phantoms than for the NEMA body phantoms. Furthermore, when the CCF Cylinder phantom simulating the brain was placed outside the imaging field of view, the results were closer to the clinical data. PET image quality was 1.4% higher for NECpatient obtained from anthropomorphic phantoms compared to the mean obtained from clinical data. NECdensity was 15.0% lower than the mean value obtained from clinical data. Liver SNR was 14.8% higher in PET images reconstructed using the 3D-ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) method. It was 10.0% lower in PET images reconstructed with the image reconstruction method Q.Clear (GE Healthcare) using the Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) method.
Conclusion
The new anthropomorphic phantom was more consistent with the count rates obtained from clinical data than the conventional NEMA body phantoms were and it was able to better simulate the distribution of radioactivity concentrations in the patients by reproducing the distribution of radioactivity concentrations outside the field of view.
{"title":"Usefulness of a new anthropomorphic phantom simulating the chest and abdomen regions in PET tests","authors":"Hiroaki Sagara, Kazumasa Inoue, Chikara Mano, Hironori Kajiwara, Yuichi Nagai, Hirofumi Fujii, Anri Inaki","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-02007-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-02007-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the clinical utility of a new anthropomorphic phantom that reproduces the chest and abdomen better than the conventional National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) body phantom, count rates and image quality of PET images obtained from patients were evaluated.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Anthropomorphic phantoms were used to include radioactivity in the lung, liver, kidney, and background regions. Two NEMA body phantoms were used for chest and abdominal assessments. The cross calibration factor (CCF) cylinder phantom was also used to reproduce the distribution of radioactivity outside the field of view, simulating the patient brain. Four types of phantoms were used in the PET imaging experiment, and for each phantom, the prompt coincidence count rates, random coincidence count rates, true + scatter coincidence count rates, and single photon count rates were measured. Then, these count rates were compared with count rates from actual clinical data. PET image quality assessment was done using the parameters, noise equivalent count patient (NEC<sub>patient</sub>), noise equivalent count density (NEC<sub>density</sub>), and liver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Random coincidence count rates showed that the data obtained from each phantom were in good agreement with the clinical data. True + scatter coincidence count rates had better agreement with clinical data when measured for anthropomorphic phantoms than for the NEMA body phantoms. Furthermore, when the CCF Cylinder phantom simulating the brain was placed outside the imaging field of view, the results were closer to the clinical data. PET image quality was 1.4% higher for NEC<sub>patient</sub> obtained from anthropomorphic phantoms compared to the mean obtained from clinical data. NEC<sub>density</sub> was 15.0% lower than the mean value obtained from clinical data. Liver SNR was 14.8% higher in PET images reconstructed using the 3D-ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) method. It was 10.0% lower in PET images reconstructed with the image reconstruction method Q.Clear (GE Healthcare) using the Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) method.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The new anthropomorphic phantom was more consistent with the count rates obtained from clinical data than the conventional NEMA body phantoms were and it was able to better simulate the distribution of radioactivity concentrations in the patients by reproducing the distribution of radioactivity concentrations outside the field of view.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":"303 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12149-024-02007-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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