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Replicability, Robustness, and Reproducibility in Psychological Science. 心理科学的可复制性、稳健性和再现性。
IF 24.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-06-11 DOI: 10.31234/OSF.IO/KSFVQ
B. Nosek, T. Hardwicke, Hannah Moshontz, Aurélien Allard, Katherine S. Corker, Anna Dreber, F. Fidler, J. Hilgard, Melissa Kline Struhl, Michèle B. Nuijten, J. Rohrer, Felipe Romero, Anne M. Scheel, L. D. Scherer, Felix D. Schönbrodt, S. Vazire
Replication-an important, uncommon, and misunderstood practice-is gaining appreciation in psychology. Achieving replicability is important for making research progress. If findings are not replicable, then prediction and theory development are stifled. If findings are replicable, then interrogation of their meaning and validity can advance knowledge. Assessing replicability can be productive for generating and testing hypotheses by actively confronting current understandings to identify weaknesses and spur innovation. For psychology, the 2010s might be characterized as a decade of active confrontation. Systematic and multi-site replication projects assessed current understandings and observed surprising failures to replicate many published findings. Replication efforts highlighted sociocultural challenges such as disincentives to conduct replications and a tendency to frame replication as a personal attack rather than a healthy scientific practice, and they raised awareness that replication contributes to self-correction. Nevertheless, innovation in doing and understanding replication and its cousins, reproducibility and robustness, has positioned psychology to improve research practices and accelerate progress. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
复制是一种重要的、不常见的、被误解的做法,在心理学上越来越受到重视。实现可复制性对取得研究进展很重要。如果研究结果不可复制,那么预测和理论发展就会被扼杀。如果研究结果是可复制的,那么对其意义和有效性的询问可以提高知识。评估可复制性可以通过积极面对当前的理解来识别弱点和刺激创新,从而产生和检验假设。对于心理学来说,2010年代可能被描述为一个积极对抗的十年。系统和多站点的复制项目评估了当前的理解,并观察到复制许多已发表的发现的惊人失败。复制工作强调了社会文化挑战,如不鼓励进行复制,以及将复制视为人身攻击而非健康科学实践的倾向,并提高了人们对复制有助于自我纠正的认识。尽管如此,在做和理解复制及其表亲、再现性和稳健性方面的创新,使心理学能够改进研究实践并加速进步。《心理学年度评论》第73卷预计最终在线出版日期为2022年1月。请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates用于修订估算。
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引用次数: 169
Organizational behavior. 组织行为。
IF 24.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-04-08 DOI: 10.4324/9781315669304
J. E. Champoux
OB 6152 Executive Coaching (1 semester credit hour) Executive Education Course. This is a oneon-one, developmental experience with a professional, ICF certified executive coach. The goal of the coaching experience is to develop the soft skills required for leadership positions including executive presence, strategic self-awareness, social networking, political intelligence, and social intelligence. Instructor consent required. (1-0) Y OB 6155 Capstone in Organizational Behavior and Coaching (1 semester credit hour) Executive Education Course. The capstone course is the culmination of the program in which students further develop their knowledge of organizational behavior and executive coaching through application of field experiences. Students conduct research across different subject areas, integrate and apply the major theories and principles they have learned during the program to develop a cohesive and multifaceted output. Department consent required. (1-0) S OB 6248 Coaching Practice Lab I (2 semester credit hours) Executive Education Course. Small group practice sessions for the purpose of applying and deepening the principles and techniques learned throughout the coaching classes. The purpose of this class is to engage in applied learning through peer-to-peer interaction with instructor feedback. This course is offered in an online format only. Corequisite: OB 6350. (2-0) S OB 6249 Coaching Practice Lab II (2 semester credit hours) Executive Education Course. Small group practice sessions for the purpose of applying and deepening the principles and techniques learned throughout the coaching classes. The purpose of this advanced class is to engage in applied learning through peer-to-peer interaction with instructor feedback. This course is offered in an online format only. Prerequisite: OB 6248. Corequisite: OB 6351. (2-0) S OB 6253 Coaching Practicum (2 semester credit hours) Executive Education Course. Individual sessions with a supervising coach and small-group supervised sessions. For the individual sessions, students will be required to submit recordings for review or provide for real-time attendance by the supervising coach so that an evaluation of their coaching competence can occur. Feedback and guidance will help students develop their coaching skills. A comprehensive exam will be used to evaluate coaching competency. The exam will test for their knowledge, skills, and abilities as an executive and professional coach. Instructor consent required. This course is offered in an online format only. Pass/Fail only. Corequisite: OB 6352. (2-0) T OB 6255 Capstone in Organizational Behavior and Coaching (2 semester credit hours) Executive Education Course. The capstone course is the culmination of the program. Students are required through research to integrate the major theories and principles of the entire curriculum. Students further develop their knowledge of organizational behavior and executive coaching through application of field e
ob6152高管培训(1学期学分)高管教育课程。这是与ICF认证的专业高管教练一对一的发展体验。培训的目标是培养领导职位所需的软技能,包括高管风度、战略自我意识、社交网络、政治智慧和社交智慧。需要教练同意。(1-0) yob6155组织行为与教练(1学期学分)高管教育课程。顶点课程是该项目的高潮,学生通过实地经验的应用,进一步发展他们的组织行为学知识和高管培训。学生在不同的学科领域进行研究,整合和应用他们在课程中学到的主要理论和原则,以发展一个有凝聚力和多方面的产出。需要部门同意。(1-0) sob6248教练实践实验室I(2学期学分)高管教育课程。小组练习课程,目的是应用和深化在教练课程中学到的原则和技巧。本课程的目的是通过与教师的反馈进行点对点互动来进行应用学习。本课程仅以在线形式提供。必备条件:ob6350。(2-0) sob6249教练实践实验室II(2学期学分)高管教育课程。小组练习课程,目的是应用和深化在教练课程中学到的原则和技巧。这门高级课程的目的是通过与教师的反馈进行点对点互动来进行应用学习。本课程仅以在线形式提供。前提条件:ob6248。资格要求:ob6351。(2-0) sob6253教练实习课程(2学期学分)高管教育课程。有指导教练的个人课程和小组监督课程。对于个别课程,学生将被要求提交录音以供审查或提供指导教练的实时出勤,以便对他们的指导能力进行评估。反馈和指导将帮助学生发展他们的教练技能。将采用综合考试来评估教练的能力。考试将测试他们作为高管和专业教练的知识、技能和能力。需要教练同意。本课程仅以在线形式提供。通过/失败。资格要求:ob6352。(2-0) tob6255组织行为与辅导(2学期学分)高管教育课程。顶点课程是整个课程的高潮。学生需要通过研究整合整个课程的主要理论和原理。学生通过实地经验的应用,进一步发展他们的组织行为学知识和高管培训。需要部门同意。(2-0) sob6261行政人员工作坊(2学期学分)行政人员教育课程。新学员通过参加这个研讨会并完成后续作业来开始emba课程。该课程主要侧重于达拉斯德州大学领导中心和金达尔管理学院其他卓越中心开展的讲座和体验式学习练习。需要教练同意。(2-0) yob6301 (SYSM 6333)组织行为学(3个学期学分)组织中人类行为的研究。强调理解、分析和预测个人、群体和组织行为的理论概念和实践方法。主题包括工作动机、群体动力学、决策、冲突和谈判、领导力、权力和组织文化。还讨论了道德和国际方面的考虑。(3 - 0)
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引用次数: 3
Audition. 试镜。
IF 24.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvxkn67x.4
D. Green, G. Henning
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引用次数: 0
Auditory psychophysics. 听觉心理物理学。
IF 24.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-02-02 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-29678-2_440
C. Trahiotis, D. E. Robinson
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引用次数: 2
Industrial psychology. 工业心理学。
IF 24.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-02-02 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/23.3.139a
R. Bellows
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引用次数: 0
The Acquisition of Person Knowledge. 个人知识的获取。
IF 24.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050844
Stefano Anzellotti, L. Young
How do we learn what we know about others? Answering this question requires understanding the perceptual mechanisms with which we recognize individuals and their actions, and the processes by which the resulting perceptual representations lead to inferences about people's mental states and traits. This review discusses recent behavioral, neural, and computational studies that have contributed to this broad research program, encompassing both social perception and social cognition. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 71 is January 4, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
我们如何了解我们对他人的了解?回答这个问题需要理解我们识别个体及其行为的感知机制,以及由此产生的感知表征导致对人们心理状态和特征的推断的过程。这篇综述讨论了最近的行为、神经和计算研究,这些研究对这一广泛的研究项目做出了贡献,包括社会感知和社会认知。《心理学年度评论》第71卷的最终在线出版日期预计为2020年1月4日。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 9
Depression's Unholy Trinity: Dysregulated Stress, Immunity, and the Microbiome. 抑郁症的邪恶三位一体:失调的压力、免疫和微生物群。
IF 24.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011613
J. Pereira, K. Rea, Y. Nolan, O. O'Leary, T. Dinan, J. Cryan
Depression remains one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, with many patients not responding adequately to available treatments. Chronic or early-life stress is one of the key risk factors for depression. In addition, a growing body of data implicates chronic inflammation as a major player in depression pathogenesis. More recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as an important regulator of brain and behavior and also has been linked to depression. However, how this holy trinity of risk factors interact to maintain physiological homeostasis in the brain and body is not fully understood. In this review, we integrate the available data from animal and human studies on these three factors in the etiology and progression of depression. We also focus on the processes by which this microbiota-immune-stress matrix may influence centrally mediated events and on possible therapeutic interventions to correct imbalances in this triune. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 71 is January 4, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
抑郁症仍然是最普遍的精神疾病之一,许多患者对现有的治疗没有充分的反应。慢性或早期生活压力是抑郁症的关键风险因素之一。此外,越来越多的数据表明慢性炎症在抑郁症发病机制中起着重要作用。最近,肠道微生物群已经成为大脑和行为的重要调节器,也与抑郁症有关。然而,这神圣的三位一体的风险因素如何相互作用,以维持大脑和身体的生理稳态还没有完全了解。在这篇综述中,我们整合了关于这三个因素在抑郁症的病因和进展中的动物和人类研究的现有数据。我们还关注这种微生物群-免疫-应激基质可能影响中枢介导事件的过程,以及可能的治疗干预措施来纠正这一三位一体的不平衡。《心理学年度评论》第71卷的最终在线出版日期预计为2020年1月4日。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 139
Rethinking Food Reward. 重新思考食物奖励。
IF 24.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011643
I. D. de Araújo, Mark Schatzker, D. Small
The conscious perception of the hedonic sensory properties of caloric foods is commonly believed to guide our dietary choices. Current and traditional models implicate the consciously perceived hedonic qualities of food as driving overeating, whereas subliminal signals arising from the gut would curb our uncontrolled desire for calories. Here we review recent animal and human studies that support a markedly different model for food reward. These findings reveal in particular the existence of subcortical body-to-brain neural pathways linking gastrointestinal nutrient sensors to the brain's reward regions. Unexpectedly, consciously perceptible hedonic qualities appear to play a less relevant, and mostly transient, role in food reinforcement. In this model, gut-brain reward pathways bypass cranial taste and aroma sensory receptors and the cortical networks that give rise to flavor perception. They instead reinforce behaviors independently of the cognitive processes that support overt insights into the nature of our dietary decisions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 71 is January 4, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
人们普遍认为,对高热量食物的享乐感官特性的有意识感知会指导我们的饮食选择。当前和传统的模型都暗示,有意识地感知食物的享乐品质会导致暴饮暴食,而肠道产生的潜意识信号会抑制我们对卡路里的不受控制的渴望。在这里,我们回顾了最近的动物和人类研究,这些研究支持一种明显不同的食物奖励模型。这些发现特别揭示了皮层下身体到大脑的神经通路的存在,将胃肠道营养传感器与大脑的奖励区域连接起来。出乎意料的是,有意识的可感知的享乐品质似乎在食物强化中扮演的角色不太相关,而且大多是短暂的。在这个模型中,肠-脑奖励通路绕过了颅味觉和香气感觉受体以及产生味道感知的皮层网络。相反,它们强化了独立于认知过程的行为,而认知过程支持对我们饮食决定本质的公开洞察。《心理学年度评论》第71卷的最终在线出版日期预计为2020年1月4日。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 127
Emotional Objectivity: Neural Representations of Emotions and Their Interaction with Cognition. 情绪客观性:情绪的神经表征及其与认知的相互作用。
IF 24.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-051044
R. Todd, V. Miskovic, J. Chikazoe, A. Anderson
Recent advances in our understanding of information states in the human brain have opened a new window into the brain's representation of emotion. While emotion was once thought to constitute a separate domain from cognition, current evidence suggests that all events are filtered through the lens of whether they are good or bad for us. Focusing on new methods of decoding information states from brain activation, we review growing evidence that emotion is represented at multiple levels of our sensory systems and infuses perception, attention, learning, and memory. We provide evidence that the primary function of emotional representations is to produce unified emotion, perception, and thought (e.g., "That is a good thing") rather than discrete and isolated psychological events (e.g., "That is a thing. I feel good"). The emergent view suggests ways in which emotion operates as a fundamental feature of cognition, by design ensuring that emotional outcomes are the central object of perception, thought, and action. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 71 is January 4, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
我们对人脑信息状态的理解最近取得了进展,为了解大脑对情绪的表达打开了一扇新的窗口。虽然情绪曾经被认为是一个独立于认知的领域,但目前的证据表明,所有事件都是通过对我们来说是好是坏的镜头来过滤的。我们专注于从大脑激活中解码信息状态的新方法,回顾了越来越多的证据,即情绪在我们的感觉系统的多个层面上表现出来,学习和记忆。我们提供的证据表明,情绪表征的主要功能是产生统一的情绪、感知和思维(例如,“这是一件好事”),而不是离散和孤立的心理事件(例如,”这是一个事情。我感觉很好“)。涌现的观点提出了情感作为认知的基本特征的运作方式,通过设计确保情感结果是感知、思考和行动的中心对象。《心理学年度评论》第71卷预计最终在线出版日期为2020年1月4日。请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates用于修订估算。
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引用次数: 36
Prefrontal Regulation of Threat-Elicited Behaviors: A Pathway to Translation. 威胁诱发行为的前置调节:翻译之路。
IF 24.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050905
A. Roberts
Regions of the prefrontal and cingulate cortices play important roles in the regulation of behaviors elicited by threat. Dissecting out their differential involvement will greatly increase our understanding of the varied etiology of symptoms of anxiety. I review evidence for altered activity within the major divisions of the prefrontal cortex, including orbitofrontal, ventrolateral, dorsolateral, and ventromedial sectors, along with the anterior cingulate cortex in patients with clinical anxiety. This review is integrated with a discussion of current knowledge about the causal role of these different prefrontal and cingulate regions in threat-elicited behaviors from experimental studies in rodents and monkeys. I highlight commonalities and inconsistencies between species and discuss the current state of our translational success in relating findings across species. Finally, I identify key issues that, if addressed, may improve that success in the future. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 71 is January 4, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
前额叶和扣带皮层区域在威胁引发的行为调节中起着重要作用。解剖他们的不同参与将大大增加我们对焦虑症状的各种病因学的理解。我回顾了临床焦虑症患者前额叶皮层主要分区活动改变的证据,包括眶额、腹外侧、背外侧和腹内内侧,以及前扣带皮层。这篇综述结合了目前关于这些不同的前额叶和扣带区域在啮齿动物和猴子的实验研究中威胁诱发行为的因果作用的讨论。我强调了物种之间的共性和不一致性,并讨论了我们在跨物种相关发现的翻译成功的现状。最后,我指出了一些关键问题,如果这些问题得到解决,可能会在未来取得更大的成功。《心理学年度评论》第71卷的最终在线出版日期预计为2020年1月4日。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 34
期刊
Annual review of psychology
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