Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-040325-025951
Emily S. Cross, Arvid Kappas
Social robotics is a rapidly advancing field dedicated to the development of embodied artificial agents capable of social interaction with humans. These systems are deployed across domains such as health care, education, service, and entertainment—contexts that demand nuanced social competence. Yet, the social dimension of social robotics remains insufficiently conceptualized and empirically grounded. Many companies have failed as their robots struggle to sustain meaningful, long-term engagement with users. Understanding human responses to these agents requires robust psychological frameworks. While prior work has emphasized emotion expression and affective cues, human social interaction is shaped by broader constructs, including individual goals and roles, self-presentation, and culture. Generative artificial intelligence is reshaping human–robot interaction but has yet to resolve foundational challenges in social engagement. Addressing these gaps necessitates deeper integration of psychological theory, methodology, and data. A sustained dialogue between psychology and robotics holds promise not only for advancing socially adept machines but also for enriching psychological science itself.
{"title":"Social Robotics Is Not (Just) About Machines, It Is About People: Psychology's Role in Developing Social Machines","authors":"Emily S. Cross, Arvid Kappas","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-040325-025951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-040325-025951","url":null,"abstract":"Social robotics is a rapidly advancing field dedicated to the development of embodied artificial agents capable of social interaction with humans. These systems are deployed across domains such as health care, education, service, and entertainment—contexts that demand nuanced social competence. Yet, the social dimension of social robotics remains insufficiently conceptualized and empirically grounded. Many companies have failed as their robots struggle to sustain meaningful, long-term engagement with users. Understanding human responses to these agents requires robust psychological frameworks. While prior work has emphasized emotion expression and affective cues, human social interaction is shaped by broader constructs, including individual goals and roles, self-presentation, and culture. Generative artificial intelligence is reshaping human–robot interaction but has yet to resolve foundational challenges in social engagement. Addressing these gaps necessitates deeper integration of psychological theory, methodology, and data. A sustained dialogue between psychology and robotics holds promise not only for advancing socially adept machines but also for enriching psychological science itself.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020425-020958
Ulrike Hahn
This article provides a critical overview of research on human rationality. Rationality research poses a number of unusual challenges to psychologists. For one, it is unusually interdisciplinary and involves research conducted in adjacent disciplines (e.g., economics, education, communication, computer science and philosophy), not all of which are accessible with psychological training. What underlies this diversity, however, is an arguably even more unusual feature: the fact that even purely descriptive research, focused on what we actually do, cannot proceed without reference to normative considerations, that is, considerations of what we ought to do. Empirical results can thus only be understood with some understanding of the relevant norms of rationality. This article introduces the range of relevant frameworks, followed by examples of the different ways these frameworks are put to use. The bulk of the article then surveys research findings on human rationality across the core areas of (probability) judgment, reasoning, decision-making, and argumentation. Two final sections provide cross-cutting themes, one on the contrast (and interrelationship) between individual and collective rationality and one on the unique challenges of linking rationality research to real-world concerns.
{"title":"Human Rationality","authors":"Ulrike Hahn","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-020425-020958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020425-020958","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a critical overview of research on human rationality. Rationality research poses a number of unusual challenges to psychologists. For one, it is unusually interdisciplinary and involves research conducted in adjacent disciplines (e.g., economics, education, communication, computer science and philosophy), not all of which are accessible with psychological training. What underlies this diversity, however, is an arguably even more unusual feature: the fact that even purely descriptive research, focused on what we actually do, cannot proceed without reference to normative considerations, that is, considerations of what we ought to do. Empirical results can thus only be understood with some understanding of the relevant norms of rationality. This article introduces the range of relevant frameworks, followed by examples of the different ways these frameworks are put to use. The bulk of the article then surveys research findings on human rationality across the core areas of (probability) judgment, reasoning, decision-making, and argumentation. Two final sections provide cross-cutting themes, one on the contrast (and interrelationship) between individual and collective rationality and one on the unique challenges of linking rationality research to real-world concerns.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-040325-025418
Jean-Philippe Laurenceau, Ana M. DiGiovanni, Niall Bolger
Intensive longitudinal methods (ILMs) represent a class of longitudinal designs used to understand the flow of people's thoughts, feelings, physiology, and behaviors in their natural settings. This term encompasses daily diary, experience sampling, ecological momentary assessment, ambulatory assessment, and related methods. Research on ILMs has grown exponentially, evolving into a core approach that complements more traditional designs. This article builds on this journal's first review on this topic, published in 2003. In the quarter-century since, there have been marked advances in design, technology, and statistical modeling. Three core ideas permeate this review: To build adequate theories of psychological functioning in natural settings, researchers must focus on (a) kinematics, (b) dynamics, and (c) heterogeneity. Kinematics answers the question, What happened? Dynamics answers the question, Why did it happen? Heterogeneity answers the question, How much do people vary in the whats and whys? ILMs can address these three goals of psychological science.
{"title":"Intensive Longitudinal Methods: Toward a Psychological Science of Daily Life","authors":"Jean-Philippe Laurenceau, Ana M. DiGiovanni, Niall Bolger","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-040325-025418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-040325-025418","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive longitudinal methods (ILMs) represent a class of longitudinal designs used to understand the flow of people's thoughts, feelings, physiology, and behaviors in their natural settings. This term encompasses daily diary, experience sampling, ecological momentary assessment, ambulatory assessment, and related methods. Research on ILMs has grown exponentially, evolving into a core approach that complements more traditional designs. This article builds on this journal's first review on this topic, published in 2003. In the quarter-century since, there have been marked advances in design, technology, and statistical modeling. Three core ideas permeate this review: To build adequate theories of psychological functioning in natural settings, researchers must focus on (<jats:italic>a</jats:italic>) kinematics, (<jats:italic>b</jats:italic>) dynamics, and (<jats:italic>c</jats:italic>) heterogeneity. Kinematics answers the question, What happened? Dynamics answers the question, Why did it happen? Heterogeneity answers the question, How much do people vary in the whats and whys? ILMs can address these three goals of psychological science.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-032525-024243
Barbara Tversky
My career began with the exciting beginnings of cognitive psychology. It took me to memory, mental representations, categorization, spatial cognition, language, event cognition, stories, discourse, visualizations, comics, gesture, joint action, creativity, design, and more. On the way I enjoyed collaborations with friends and students in many areas and many countries. I am slowing down just as brain, AI, computational models, and big data are taking over the field, bringing new methods and new ways of thinking and, with that, new talent and inspired minds.
{"title":"Space to Act, Think, and Create","authors":"Barbara Tversky","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-032525-024243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-032525-024243","url":null,"abstract":"My career began with the exciting beginnings of cognitive psychology. It took me to memory, mental representations, categorization, spatial cognition, language, event cognition, stories, discourse, visualizations, comics, gesture, joint action, creativity, design, and more. On the way I enjoyed collaborations with friends and students in many areas and many countries. I am slowing down just as brain, AI, computational models, and big data are taking over the field, bringing new methods and new ways of thinking and, with that, new talent and inspired minds.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-032825-032920
Caterina Gratton,Rodrigo M Braga
The advent of noninvasive imaging methods like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) transformed cognitive neuroscience, providing insights into large-scale brain networks and their link to cognition. In the decades since, the majority of fMRI studies have employed a group-level approach, which has characterized the average brain-a construct that emphasizes features aligned across individuals but obscures the idiosyncrasies of any single person's brain. This is a critical limitation, as each brain is unique, including in the topography (i.e., arrangement) of large-scale brain networks. Recently, a new precision fMRI movement, emphasizing extensive scanning of single subjects, has spurred another leap in progress, allowing fMRI researchers to reliably map whole-brain network organization within individuals. Precision fMRI reveals a more detailed picture of functional neuroanatomy, unveiling common features that are obscured at the group level as well as forms of individual variation. However, this presents conceptual hurdles. For instance, if all brains are unique, how do we identify commonalities? And what forms of variation in functional organization are meaningful for understanding cognition? Which sources of variability are stochastic, and which are due to measurement noise? Here, we review recent findings and describe how precision fMRI can be used (a) to account for variation across individuals to identify core principles of brain organization and (b) to characterize how and why human brains vary. We argue that, as we dive deeper into the individual, overarching principles of brain organization emerge from fine-scale features, even when these vary across individuals.
{"title":"Dense Phenotyping of Human Brain Network Organization Using Precision fMRI.","authors":"Caterina Gratton,Rodrigo M Braga","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-032825-032920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-032825-032920","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of noninvasive imaging methods like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) transformed cognitive neuroscience, providing insights into large-scale brain networks and their link to cognition. In the decades since, the majority of fMRI studies have employed a group-level approach, which has characterized the average brain-a construct that emphasizes features aligned across individuals but obscures the idiosyncrasies of any single person's brain. This is a critical limitation, as each brain is unique, including in the topography (i.e., arrangement) of large-scale brain networks. Recently, a new precision fMRI movement, emphasizing extensive scanning of single subjects, has spurred another leap in progress, allowing fMRI researchers to reliably map whole-brain network organization within individuals. Precision fMRI reveals a more detailed picture of functional neuroanatomy, unveiling common features that are obscured at the group level as well as forms of individual variation. However, this presents conceptual hurdles. For instance, if all brains are unique, how do we identify commonalities? And what forms of variation in functional organization are meaningful for understanding cognition? Which sources of variability are stochastic, and which are due to measurement noise? Here, we review recent findings and describe how precision fMRI can be used (a) to account for variation across individuals to identify core principles of brain organization and (b) to characterize how and why human brains vary. We argue that, as we dive deeper into the individual, overarching principles of brain organization emerge from fine-scale features, even when these vary across individuals.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-07DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-032525-031744
Jia-Hou Poh,R Alison Adcock
Our memories shape our perception of the world and guide adaptive behavior. Rather than a veridical record of experiences, memory is selective. An accumulating body of work suggests that motivational states, emerging from the interplay between internal and external demands, play a critical role in determining what information is encoded in memory and how. Central to the regulation of motivational states are dopaminergic and noradrenergic neuromodulatory systems that can coordinate brain activity to determine how information is propagated, shaping memory outcomes. In this review, we propose that motivational states supported by the dopaminergic ventral tegmental area would facilitate the formation of flexible associative memory, while the noradrenergic locus coeruleus would facilitate unitized goal-relevant memory. By considering how neuromodulatory systems can support different neural contexts, we aim to explain how motivation enables an adaptive memory system, and in bridging motivation and memory, we aim to offer a framework for insights applicable to education and clinical practice.
{"title":"Motivation as Neural Context for Adaptive Learning and Memory Formation.","authors":"Jia-Hou Poh,R Alison Adcock","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-032525-031744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-032525-031744","url":null,"abstract":"Our memories shape our perception of the world and guide adaptive behavior. Rather than a veridical record of experiences, memory is selective. An accumulating body of work suggests that motivational states, emerging from the interplay between internal and external demands, play a critical role in determining what information is encoded in memory and how. Central to the regulation of motivational states are dopaminergic and noradrenergic neuromodulatory systems that can coordinate brain activity to determine how information is propagated, shaping memory outcomes. In this review, we propose that motivational states supported by the dopaminergic ventral tegmental area would facilitate the formation of flexible associative memory, while the noradrenergic locus coeruleus would facilitate unitized goal-relevant memory. By considering how neuromodulatory systems can support different neural contexts, we aim to explain how motivation enables an adaptive memory system, and in bridging motivation and memory, we aim to offer a framework for insights applicable to education and clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-040725-025923
Ahmet O. Ceceli, Yuefeng Huang, Greg Kronberg, Natalie McClain, Sarah G. King, Eduardo R. Butelman, Nelly Alia-Klein, Rita Z. Goldstein
Originally postulated in 2001, the impaired response inhibition and salience attribution (iRISA) model of addiction highlights the prefrontal cortex (especially the orbitofrontal, dorsolateral, anterior cingulate, and inferior frontal regions) as central to drug addiction symptomatology. Accordingly, drug cues assume a heightened salience and value that overpower alternative reinforcers, with a concomitant decrease in inhibitory control, especially in a drug-related context. These processes may manifest in metacognitive impairments (e.g., self-awareness of choice), obstructing insight into illness, as a function of recency of drug use. In this review, we update the neurobehavioral evidence for iRISA two decades later, emphasizing the robust measurement of the iRISA interaction (between a drug-related cue/context and a cognitive-behavioral function), and highlight relevant individual differences (e.g., drug use severity, craving). Crucially, we describe data suggesting functional recovery (with abstinence, treatment, and other emerging modalities) and the need for identifying valid outcome biomarkers. We end by highlighting recent developments in artificial intelligence (e.g., natural language processing applied to spontaneous speech) and computational modeling, and call for enhanced ecological validity to facilitate dynamic and clinically meaningful neural explorations in drug addiction.
{"title":"The Impaired Response Inhibition and Salience Attribution Model of Drug Addiction: Recent Neuroimaging Evidence and Future Directions","authors":"Ahmet O. Ceceli, Yuefeng Huang, Greg Kronberg, Natalie McClain, Sarah G. King, Eduardo R. Butelman, Nelly Alia-Klein, Rita Z. Goldstein","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-040725-025923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-040725-025923","url":null,"abstract":"Originally postulated in 2001, the impaired response inhibition and salience attribution (iRISA) model of addiction highlights the prefrontal cortex (especially the orbitofrontal, dorsolateral, anterior cingulate, and inferior frontal regions) as central to drug addiction symptomatology. Accordingly, drug cues assume a heightened salience and value that overpower alternative reinforcers, with a concomitant decrease in inhibitory control, especially in a drug-related context. These processes may manifest in metacognitive impairments (e.g., self-awareness of choice), obstructing insight into illness, as a function of recency of drug use. In this review, we update the neurobehavioral evidence for iRISA two decades later, emphasizing the robust measurement of the iRISA interaction (between a drug-related cue/context and a cognitive-behavioral function), and highlight relevant individual differences (e.g., drug use severity, craving). Crucially, we describe data suggesting functional recovery (with abstinence, treatment, and other emerging modalities) and the need for identifying valid outcome biomarkers. We end by highlighting recent developments in artificial intelligence (e.g., natural language processing applied to spontaneous speech) and computational modeling, and call for enhanced ecological validity to facilitate dynamic and clinically meaningful neural explorations in drug addiction.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-032525-040352
Pawan Sinha, Lukas Vogelsang, Marin Vogelsang, Albert Yonas, Sidney Diamond
How a developing nervous system discovers meaning in complex sensory inputs has typically been examined separately for each sensory modality. Even as studies have uncovered modality-specific strategies, it remains unclear whether common principles underlie such discovery. Here, we pursue the thesis that the detection and exploitation of temporal regularities may provide a unifying mechanism for sensory organization across modalities. We synthesize research spanning neurophysiology and cognitive neuroscience and incorporate results from theoretical computer science. This integration supports the conclusion that time may be the fundamental dimension along which the brain organizes its sensorium and that the computational complexity of this problem is rendered tractable by ecologically appropriate heuristics. This proposal suggests the centrality of temporal processing in perceptual development, with implications for studies of typical and atypical development, clinical populations, and computational modeling.
{"title":"The Temporal Scaffolding of Sensory Organization","authors":"Pawan Sinha, Lukas Vogelsang, Marin Vogelsang, Albert Yonas, Sidney Diamond","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-032525-040352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-032525-040352","url":null,"abstract":"How a developing nervous system discovers meaning in complex sensory inputs has typically been examined separately for each sensory modality. Even as studies have uncovered modality-specific strategies, it remains unclear whether common principles underlie such discovery. Here, we pursue the thesis that the detection and exploitation of temporal regularities may provide a unifying mechanism for sensory organization across modalities. We synthesize research spanning neurophysiology and cognitive neuroscience and incorporate results from theoretical computer science. This integration supports the conclusion that time may be the fundamental dimension along which the brain organizes its sensorium and that the computational complexity of this problem is rendered tractable by ecologically appropriate heuristics. This proposal suggests the centrality of temporal processing in perceptual development, with implications for studies of typical and atypical development, clinical populations, and computational modeling.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-072225-121053
Nicole R Bush,Alexandra D W Sullivan,Amanda Norona-Zhou
This review synthesizes and critiques research on early life adversity and stress effects on multidomain health outcomes in child samples to fill a gap in the literature that has largely focused on adults. Prioritizing evidence from meta-analytic and systematic reviews as well as findings from (quasi-)experimental or large prospective longitudinal studies, we integrate interdisciplinary findings to characterize patterns of evidence for stress associations with child outcomes, including mental, physical, and positive health; academic, social, and justice system-related domains; and intermediary phenotypes that may predict disease, including biomarkers. We note cohesive evidence for sensitive periods of susceptibility to stress exposure and describe key mediators and moderators of stress effects, especially family-level factors. Then we highlight interventions targeting malleable factors that hold promise for ameliorating the effects of stress on children. Leveraging a developmental lens, we conclude with field-wide limitations and propose future directions for stress and health research that centers child development.
{"title":"Early Life Stress Effects on Children's Biology, Behavior, and Health: Evidence, Mediators, Moderators, and Solutions.","authors":"Nicole R Bush,Alexandra D W Sullivan,Amanda Norona-Zhou","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-072225-121053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-072225-121053","url":null,"abstract":"This review synthesizes and critiques research on early life adversity and stress effects on multidomain health outcomes in child samples to fill a gap in the literature that has largely focused on adults. Prioritizing evidence from meta-analytic and systematic reviews as well as findings from (quasi-)experimental or large prospective longitudinal studies, we integrate interdisciplinary findings to characterize patterns of evidence for stress associations with child outcomes, including mental, physical, and positive health; academic, social, and justice system-related domains; and intermediary phenotypes that may predict disease, including biomarkers. We note cohesive evidence for sensitive periods of susceptibility to stress exposure and describe key mediators and moderators of stress effects, especially family-level factors. Then we highlight interventions targeting malleable factors that hold promise for ameliorating the effects of stress on children. Leveraging a developmental lens, we conclude with field-wide limitations and propose future directions for stress and health research that centers child development.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020325-033825
Beyzanur Arican-Dinc, Shelly L Gable
A robust approach to understanding dyadic emotion regulation needs to incorporate insights from affective science and relationship science. To date, research emerging from these two traditions has largely unfolded separately with limited cross-disciplinary collaboration. Here we review research from these two disciplinary perspectives, focusing on social support and dyadic coping in the close relationship literature and on extrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation in the affective science literature. We also present a framework of dyadic emotion regulation. This framework includes both affect-improving and affect-worsening processes that can be motivated by hedonic or instrumental goals and that can have effects not only on the emotions targeted for regulation but also on the relationship dynamics of the dyadic partners. We identify key gaps in the literature and directions for future research, and we conclude that recognition of the complex interplay between emotion regulation and relationship processes allows for deeper and more nuanced models of dyadic emotion regulation.
{"title":"Dyadic Emotion Regulation.","authors":"Beyzanur Arican-Dinc, Shelly L Gable","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-020325-033825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020325-033825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A robust approach to understanding dyadic emotion regulation needs to incorporate insights from affective science and relationship science. To date, research emerging from these two traditions has largely unfolded separately with limited cross-disciplinary collaboration. Here we review research from these two disciplinary perspectives, focusing on social support and dyadic coping in the close relationship literature and on extrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation in the affective science literature. We also present a framework of dyadic emotion regulation. This framework includes both affect-improving and affect-worsening processes that can be motivated by hedonic or instrumental goals and that can have effects not only on the emotions targeted for regulation but also on the relationship dynamics of the dyadic partners. We identify key gaps in the literature and directions for future research, and we conclude that recognition of the complex interplay between emotion regulation and relationship processes allows for deeper and more nuanced models of dyadic emotion regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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