Annual review of psychology最新文献

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Psychological Determinants of Health Behavior 健康行为的心理决定因素

IF 24.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY

Annual review of psychology

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020124-114222

Martin S. Hagger

This review provides a critical overview of current evidence on psychological health behavior determinants and its value in informing intervention and future determinants research. The review begins with work labeling and classifying the myriads of determinants available in the extant research to arrive at core groups of determinants. Next, the conceptual bases of these determinant groups are identified, and the weight of the evidence for their purported effects on health behavior, including belief-based determinants (e.g., outcome expectancies, capacity beliefs), determinants representing self-regulatory capacity (e.g., planning, action control) and nonconscious processes (e.g., habit, implicit cognition), and dispositional determinants (e.g., personality, regulatory control), is critically evaluated. The review also focuses on the theory-based mechanisms underpinning determinant effects and moderating conditions that magnify or diminish them. Finally, the review recommends a shift away from research on determinants as correlates, outlines how determinants can inform intervention development and mechanisms of action tests, suggests alternatives to predominant individualist approaches, and proposes future research directions.

本综述对当前有关心理健康行为决定因素的证据及其对干预和未来决定因素研究的参考价值进行了批判性概述。综述首先对现有研究中的无数决定因素进行了标注和分类，从而得出决定因素的核心组别。接着，确定了这些决定因素组的概念基础，并严格评估了这些决定因素对健康行为的所谓影响的证据权重，包括基于信念的决定因素（如结果预期、能力信念）、代表自我调节能力的决定因素（如计划、行动控制）和非意识过程（如习惯、内隐认知），以及倾向性决定因素（如个性、调节控制）。综述还关注了决定因素效应的理论基础机制，以及放大或缩小这些效应的调节条件。最后，综述建议放弃将决定因素作为相关因素进行研究的做法，概述了决定因素如何为干预措施的开发和作用机制的测试提供信息，提出了主要个人主义方法的替代方案，并提出了未来的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0

Unifying Principles of Generalization: Past, Present, and Future 泛化的统一原则：过去、现在和未来

IF 24.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY

Annual review of psychology

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-021524-110810

Charley M. Wu, Björn Meder, Eric Schulz

Generalization, defined as applying limited experiences to novel situations, represents a cornerstone of human intelligence. Our review traces the evolution and continuity of psychological theories of generalization, from its origins in concept learning (categorizing stimuli) and function learning (learning continuous input-output relationships) to domains such as reinforcement learning and latent structure learning. Historically, there have been fierce debates between approaches based on rule-based mechanisms, which rely on explicit hypotheses about environmental structure, and approaches based on similarity-based mechanisms, which leverage comparisons to prior instances. Each approach has unique advantages: Rules support rapid knowledge transfer, while similarity is computationally simple and flexible. Today, these debates have culminated in the development of hybrid models grounded in Bayesian principles, effectively marrying the precision of rules with the flexibility of similarity. The ongoing success of hybrid models not only bridges past dichotomies but also underscores the importance of integrating both rules and similarity for a comprehensive understanding of human generalization.

泛化被定义为将有限的经验应用于新情况，是人类智力的基石。从概念学习（对刺激进行分类）和功能学习（学习连续的输入-输出关系）到强化学习和潜在结构学习等领域，我们的综述追溯了泛化心理学理论的演变和延续。从历史上看，基于规则机制的方法和基于相似性机制的方法一直存在激烈的争论，前者依赖于对环境结构的明确假设，而后者则利用与先前实例的比较。每种方法都有独特的优势：规则支持快速的知识转移，而相似性在计算上简单灵活。如今，这些争论最终导致了基于贝叶斯原理的混合模型的发展，有效地将规则的精确性与相似性的灵活性结合起来。混合模型的不断成功不仅弥合了过去的二分法，还强调了整合规则和相似性对于全面理解人类泛化的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Morality in Our Mind and Across Cultures and Politics 我们心中的道德以及跨文化和跨政治的道德

IF 24.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY

Annual review of psychology

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020924-124236

Kurt Gray, Samuel Pratt

Moral judgments differ across cultures and politics, but they share a common theme in our minds: perceptions of harm. Both cultural ethnographies on moral values and psychological research on moral cognition highlight this shared focus on harm. Perceptions of harm are constructed from universal cognitive elements—including intention, causation, and suffering—but depend on the cultural context, allowing many values to arise from a common moral mind. This review traces the concept of harm across philosophy, cultural anthropology, and psychology, then discusses how different values (e.g., purity) across various taxonomies are grounded in perceived harm. We then explore two theories connecting culture to cognition—modularity and constructionism—before outlining how pluralism across human moral judgment is explained by the constructed nature of perceived harm. We conclude by showing how different perceptions of harm help drive political disagreements and reveal how sharing stories of harm can help bridge moral divides.

不同文化和政治的道德判断各不相同，但它们在我们的头脑中有一个共同的主题：对伤害的认知。有关道德价值观的文化民族志和有关道德认知的心理学研究都强调了这种对伤害的共同关注。对伤害的认知是由普遍的认知元素--包括意图、因果关系和痛苦--构建而成的，但又取决于文化背景，从而使许多价值观产生于共同的道德观念之中。这篇综述追溯了哲学、文化人类学和心理学中的伤害概念，然后讨论了不同分类法中的不同价值观（如纯洁性）是如何以感知到的伤害为基础的。然后，我们探讨了将文化与认知联系起来的两种理论--模块化和建构主义--然后概述了人类道德判断的多元化是如何通过感知伤害的建构性质来解释的。最后，我们展示了对伤害的不同认知如何助长政治分歧，并揭示了分享伤害故事如何有助于弥合道德分歧。

引用次数: 0

Attentional Capture and Control 注意力捕捉与控制

IF 24.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY

Annual review of psychology

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-011624-025340

Jan Theeuwes

The current review presents an integrated tripartite framework for understanding attentional control, emphasizing the interaction and competition among top-down, bottom-up, and selection-history influences. It focuses on attentional capture, which refers to conditions in which salient objects or events receive attentional priority even when they are inconsistent with the goals, tasks, and intentions of the observer. The review describes which components of the tripartite framework are in play when distraction by salient objects is prevented and the conditions in which there is no control over the occurrence of attentional capture. It then concludes that attentional capture can be controlled in a proactive way mainly by implicit statistical learning mechanisms associated with selection history. Current and lingering controversies regarding the control of attentional capture are also discussed.

本综述提出了一个理解注意控制的三方综合框架，强调自上而下、自下而上和选择-历史影响之间的相互作用和竞争。本综述的重点是注意捕获，它指的是突出的对象或事件在与观察者的目标、任务和意图不一致时仍能获得注意优先权的情况。综述描述了当突出对象的分心被阻止时，三方框架中的哪些部分会发挥作用，以及在哪些情况下无法控制注意力捕捉的发生。然后得出结论，注意捕捉主要可以通过与选择历史相关的隐性统计学习机制来主动控制。此外，还讨论了目前关于注意捕捉控制的争议。

引用次数: 0

Moral Learning and Decision-Making Across the Lifespan 一生中的道德学习和决策制定

IF 24.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY

Annual review of psychology

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-021324-060611

Patricia L. Lockwood, Wouter van den Bos, Jean-Claude Dreher

Moral learning and decision-making are crucial throughout our lives, from infancy to old age. Emerging evidence suggests that there are important differences in learning and deciding in moral situations, and these are underpinned by co-occurring changes in the use of model-based values and theory of mind. Here, we review the decision neuroscience literature on moral choices and moral learning considering four key concepts. We show how in the earliest years, a sense of self/other distinction is foundational. Sensitivity to intention versus outcome is crucial for several moral concepts and is most similar in our earliest and oldest years. Across all ages, basic shifts in the influence of theory of mind and model-free and model-based learning support moral decision-making. Moving forward, a computational approach to key concepts of morality can help provide a mechanistic account and generate new hypotheses to test across the whole lifespan.

从婴儿到老年，道德学习和决策在我们的一生中都至关重要。新出现的证据表明，在道德情境中的学习和决策存在重要差异，而这些差异的基础是基于模型的价值观和心智理论的使用同时发生的变化。在此，我们回顾了有关道德选择和道德学习的决策神经科学文献，并考虑了四个关键概念。我们展示了在幼儿时期，自我/他人区分意识是如何奠基的。对意图和结果的敏感性对几种道德概念至关重要，这一点在我们最早和最年长时最为相似。在所有年龄段，心智理论的影响以及无模型学习和基于模型学习的基本转变都支持道德决策。展望未来，对道德的关键概念进行计算的方法将有助于提供一个机制性的解释，并产生新的假设，从而对整个生命周期进行检验。

引用次数: 0

The Social Psychology of Justice Repair 正义的社会心理学修复

IF 24.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY

Annual review of psychology

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-030124-114525

Tyler G. Okimoto, Mario Gollwitzer

Justice scholars have elaborated a variety of social psychological mechanisms that contribute to our desire to see some action following an injustice, to see justice done. Research over the past 20 years has significantly advanced our understanding of how to repair a sense of justice by articulating the psychological needs that follow from its experience from victim, offender, and observer perspectives. In this review, we summarize key insights from this literature, including the specific needs identified as relevant to justice, the challenges that arise when seeking justice for multiple parties in a conflict, and the procedural approaches that can aid in reconciling disparate perspectives. Following this review, we challenge our own assumption that justice repair is necessary. As a departure from this deficit model, we draw inspiration from adjacent fields of study to propose “justice making” as an alternative avenue for reconciliation in situations where justice repair is unachievable.

正义学者阐述了各种社会心理机制，这些机制促使我们希望在不公正事件发生后看到一些行动，看到正义得到伸张。过去 20 年的研究从受害者、犯罪者和旁观者的角度阐述了从正义感的体验中产生的心理需求，极大地推动了我们对如何修复正义感的理解。在这篇综述中，我们总结了这些文献中的主要观点，包括与正义相关的特定需求、为冲突多方寻求正义时出现的挑战，以及有助于调和不同观点的程序方法。在回顾了这些内容之后，我们对自己提出的 "正义修复是必要的 "这一假设提出了质疑。与这种赤字模式不同，我们从邻近的研究领域中汲取灵感，提出 "正义缔造 "作为在正义修复无法实现的情况下实现和解的另一种途径。

引用次数: 0

How Do People Feel About Mates? 人们如何看待伴侣？

IF 24.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY

Annual review of psychology

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-012224-025712

Paul W. Eastwick, Samantha Joel

Where do positive feelings about a romantic or sexual partner come from? This article offers an overview of—and imposes some structure on—the enormous literature on mate evaluation, from initial attraction to long-term relationship settings. First, we differentiate between research that identifies the factors that predict positive evaluation on average (i.e., normative desirability) and research that attempts to document for whom certain factors are more versus less positive (i.e., heterogeneity in desirability). Second, we review the positive biases that tend to dominate the evaluative process, as well as the promising (and sorely needed) new methods in this research space. Third, we cover contemporary perspectives on the mechanisms that explain how evaluations shift and change over the entire relationship arc. Fourth and finally, we discuss how diversifying the samples and perspectives in mate evaluation research will address novel and generative questions about culture, stigma, and socioeconomic status.

对恋爱或性伴侣的好感从何而来？本文概述了关于伴侣评价的大量文献，从最初的吸引到长期的关系设置，并对这些文献进行了结构化处理。首先，我们区分了两种研究，一种是确定平均预测积极评价的因素（即规范可取性），另一种是试图记录某些因素对谁更积极或不那么积极（即可取性的异质性）。其次，我们回顾了往往在评价过程中占主导地位的积极偏差，以及在这一研究领域大有可为的（和急需的）新方法。第三，我们从当代视角探讨了解释评价如何在整个关系过程中转变和变化的机制。第四，也是最后一点，我们将讨论伴侣评价研究中样本和视角的多样化将如何解决有关文化、耻辱和社会经济地位的新颖和有启发性的问题。

引用次数: 0

Cognitive Control 认知控制

IF 24.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY

Annual review of psychology

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-022024-103901

David Badre

Humans and other primates have a remarkable ability to perform a wide range of tasks and behaviors, even novel ones, in order to achieve their goals. Further, they are able to shift flexibly among these behaviors as the contexts demands. Cognitive control is the function at the base of this remarkable behavioral generativity and flexibility. The present review provides a survey of current research on cognitive control focusing on two of its primary features within a control systems framework: (a) the ability to select new behaviors based on context and (b) the ability to monitor ongoing behavior and adjust accordingly. Throughout, the review places an emphasis on how differences in the content and structure of task representations affect these core features of cognitive control.

人类和其他灵长类动物都有一种非凡的能力，那就是为了实现自己的目标而完成各种各样的任务和行为，甚至是新奇的任务和行为。此外，它们还能根据情境需要在这些行为之间灵活转换。认知控制是这种非凡的行为生成性和灵活性的基础。本综述概述了当前关于认知控制的研究，重点关注控制系统框架下认知控制的两个主要特征：(a) 根据情境选择新行为的能力；(b) 监控当前行为并做出相应调整的能力。本综述始终强调任务表征的内容和结构差异如何影响认知控制的这些核心特征。

引用次数: 0

Categories in Social Interaction: Unlocking the Resources of Conversation Analysis and Membership Categorization for Psychological Science. 社会互动中的分类：为心理科学打开对话分析和成员分类的资源。

IF 23.6 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY

Annual review of psychology

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020124-023147

Elizabeth Stokoe, Geoffrey Raymond, Kevin A Whitehead

This article reviews two related approaches-conversation analysis (CA) and membership categorization analysis (MCA)-to sketch a systematic framework for exposing how categories and categorial phenomena are (re)produced in naturally occurring social interaction. In so doing, we argue that CA and MCA address recent concerns about psychological methods and approaches. After summarizing how categories are typically theorized and studied, we describe the main features of a CA approach to categories, including how this differs from conventional psychology. We review the core domains of research in CA and how categories can be studied systematically in relation to the basic machinery of talk and other conduct in interaction. We illustrate these domains through examples from different settings of recorded naturally occurring social interaction. After considering the applications that have arisen from CA and MCA, we conclude by drawing together the implications of this work for psychological science.

本文回顾了两种相关的方法--会话分析法（CA）和成员分类分析法（MCA）--从而勾勒出一个系统的框架，用以揭示类别和分类现象是如何在自然发生的社会互动中（重新）产生的。在此过程中，我们认为，CA 和 MCA 解决了最近人们对心理学方法和途径的担忧。在总结了范畴通常是如何理论化和研究的之后，我们描述了研究范畴的 CA 方法的主要特点，包括它与传统心理学的不同之处。我们回顾了 CA 的核心研究领域，以及如何结合谈话和其他互动行为的基本机制对范畴进行系统研究。我们将通过记录自然发生的社会互动的不同环境中的实例来说明这些领域。在考虑了 CA 和 MCA 的应用之后，我们总结了这项工作对心理科学的影响。

引用次数: 0

Reflecting on the Origins of Subjective Experience. 反思主观经验的起源。

IF 23.6 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY

Annual review of psychology

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-062424-112106

Marcia K Johnson

The capacity to change with experience infuses our perceptions, thoughts, and actions in and about the past, present, and future. The cognitive system supporting this capacity for change can be exquisitely responsive to external events and yet can influence how those external events affect us. This interplay between the external and internal has been a major theme of my lab group's research. We proposed that the fundamental ambiguity of subjective experience requires ongoing reality monitoring processes for evaluating its veridicality and proposed a source monitoring framework for exploring the encoding, activation, and evaluation of information. We further proposed a functional architecture, a multiple-entry modular memory system, that characterizes component subprocesses of cognition that give rise to remembering and other subjective phenomena (e.g., knowledge, beliefs, emotion, consciousness, self). I first discuss these approaches and some issues they address and then describe some educational and professional experiences that provided opportunities to investigate this fascinating epistemological puzzle.

随着经验的变化而变化的能力渗透到我们对过去、现在和未来的认知、思考和行动中。支持这种变化能力的认知系统能够对外界事件做出敏锐的反应，同时也能影响外界事件对我们的影响。外部和内部之间的这种相互作用一直是我的实验室小组研究的一个重要主题。我们提出，主观体验的基本模糊性需要持续的现实监控过程来评估其真实性，并提出了一个源监控框架来探索信息的编码、激活和评估。我们还提出了一个功能架构--多入口模块化记忆系统，它描述了产生记忆和其他主观现象（如知识、信念、情感、意识、自我）的认知子过程的组成部分。我首先讨论了这些方法及其所涉及的一些问题，然后介绍了一些教育和职业经历，这些经历为我提供了研究这一引人入胜的认识论难题的机会。

引用次数: 0

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Annual review of psychology

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