Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020325-034053
Conor J R Smithson,Isabel Gauthier
Domain-general object recognition (o) is the ability to discriminate between objects at the subordinate level. It describes the general ability that applies across object categories, in contrast to abilities that apply only to a specific category. Interest in this ability emerged from vision research and cognitive neuroscience. However, research into high-level visual abilities has been relatively independent of the wider literature on individual differences in abilities. This review seeks to bridge this gap. To assess whether o represents a novel construct, we compare it with the closest preexisting constructs. We argue that abilities such as visual memory and perceptual speed share conceptual overlap with o, but none of these abilities have the kind of subordinate-level discrimination at their core that o does. Despite theoretical differences, some tests of these constructs may serve as adequate indicators of o. We also connect o to theory about the structure of cognitive abilities.
{"title":"Is Domain-General Object Recognition Ability a Novel Construct?","authors":"Conor J R Smithson,Isabel Gauthier","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-020325-034053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020325-034053","url":null,"abstract":"Domain-general object recognition (o) is the ability to discriminate between objects at the subordinate level. It describes the general ability that applies across object categories, in contrast to abilities that apply only to a specific category. Interest in this ability emerged from vision research and cognitive neuroscience. However, research into high-level visual abilities has been relatively independent of the wider literature on individual differences in abilities. This review seeks to bridge this gap. To assess whether o represents a novel construct, we compare it with the closest preexisting constructs. We argue that abilities such as visual memory and perceptual speed share conceptual overlap with o, but none of these abilities have the kind of subordinate-level discrimination at their core that o does. Despite theoretical differences, some tests of these constructs may serve as adequate indicators of o. We also connect o to theory about the structure of cognitive abilities.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145043808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-03DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-013125-041821
Colette Van Laar,Tony Holman,Sarah Grootjans,Aster Van Rossum
As masculinities are changing, taking a social identity perspective on men and their relations with others helps to understand how men navigate their social world. Combining this with other common approaches in the psychology of gender, men, and masculinities, we review how such a perspective helps to understand men's differing health and well-being outcomes, work/family choices, and their responses to changing gender relations and other social developments (privilege, threat, allyship). In so doing, we emphasize that men's audiences (i.e., who precisely is watching them) play a key role in shaping these outcomes as well. For practitioners working in the fields of health and well-being, work and family, or gender equality, we identify key implications that follow from the reviewed research. We end our review with suggestions for future research.
{"title":"Men's Self and Identity and Their Relations to Others in a Changing World.","authors":"Colette Van Laar,Tony Holman,Sarah Grootjans,Aster Van Rossum","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-013125-041821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-013125-041821","url":null,"abstract":"As masculinities are changing, taking a social identity perspective on men and their relations with others helps to understand how men navigate their social world. Combining this with other common approaches in the psychology of gender, men, and masculinities, we review how such a perspective helps to understand men's differing health and well-being outcomes, work/family choices, and their responses to changing gender relations and other social developments (privilege, threat, allyship). In so doing, we emphasize that men's audiences (i.e., who precisely is watching them) play a key role in shaping these outcomes as well. For practitioners working in the fields of health and well-being, work and family, or gender equality, we identify key implications that follow from the reviewed research. We end our review with suggestions for future research.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144960119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-03DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-012325-032022
Nickola C Overall,Matthew D Hammond
This review specifies how individuals' relationship power (actor power) and their partners' power (partner power) influence distinct behaviors in close relationships. High-power actors can promote their own needs, whereas low-power actors must inhibit their needs or enact aggression or manipulation to fight for their needs. Actors must also accommodate the needs of high-power partners but can neglect or may feel obliged to protect low-power partners. Structural power asymmetries outside relationships prompt ideologies that shape perceptions, expectations, and subsequent behavioral responses to power within relationships. Using gender ideologies to illustrate, competitive ideologies (hostile sexism) motivate aggression by those who fight for power or prompt inhibition by those who cede power. Cooperative ideologies (benevolent sexism) divide power, generating accommodation of partners' needs in some domains and neglect in others. We emphasize the need to consider actor and partner power, relationship and structural power, power symmetries and asymmetries, and competitive and cooperative ideologies.
{"title":"Power and Ideology in Close Relationships.","authors":"Nickola C Overall,Matthew D Hammond","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-012325-032022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-012325-032022","url":null,"abstract":"This review specifies how individuals' relationship power (actor power) and their partners' power (partner power) influence distinct behaviors in close relationships. High-power actors can promote their own needs, whereas low-power actors must inhibit their needs or enact aggression or manipulation to fight for their needs. Actors must also accommodate the needs of high-power partners but can neglect or may feel obliged to protect low-power partners. Structural power asymmetries outside relationships prompt ideologies that shape perceptions, expectations, and subsequent behavioral responses to power within relationships. Using gender ideologies to illustrate, competitive ideologies (hostile sexism) motivate aggression by those who fight for power or prompt inhibition by those who cede power. Cooperative ideologies (benevolent sexism) divide power, generating accommodation of partners' needs in some domains and neglect in others. We emphasize the need to consider actor and partner power, relationship and structural power, power symmetries and asymmetries, and competitive and cooperative ideologies.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144960298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-02DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-022625-112840
Nurit Shnabel, Johannes Ullrich
Around the turn of the millennium, the social representation of minorities in Western societies shifted from marginalized deviants to victims of injustice, prompting calls for recognition and reparation. Drawing on the social identity tradition, we argue that this shift in representation gave rise to new identity needs, with victim groups seeking to restore their agentic identity and perpetrator groups their moral identity. We review two research trends that emerged from this shift in representation and its relationship to identity needs. The first trend focuses on group apologies, forgiveness, and corresponding gestures. We suggest that these gestures can promote reconciliation by satisfying group members’ identity needs; we also acknowledge the limitations and critiques of using the apology–forgiveness cycle to promote intergroup reconciliation. The second trend concerns groups’ engagement in competitive victimhood. We propose that this engagement stems from the same identity needs and discuss its consequences and strategies for reducing it. Finally, we outline future directions and practical takeaways and reflect on the changing zeitgeist.
{"title":"Identity Needs in Intergroup Relations: Between the Age of Apology and Victimhood Culture","authors":"Nurit Shnabel, Johannes Ullrich","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-022625-112840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-022625-112840","url":null,"abstract":"Around the turn of the millennium, the social representation of minorities in Western societies shifted from marginalized deviants to victims of injustice, prompting calls for recognition and reparation. Drawing on the social identity tradition, we argue that this shift in representation gave rise to new identity needs, with victim groups seeking to restore their agentic identity and perpetrator groups their moral identity. We review two research trends that emerged from this shift in representation and its relationship to identity needs. The first trend focuses on group apologies, forgiveness, and corresponding gestures. We suggest that these gestures can promote reconciliation by satisfying group members’ identity needs; we also acknowledge the limitations and critiques of using the apology–forgiveness cycle to promote intergroup reconciliation. The second trend concerns groups’ engagement in competitive victimhood. We propose that this engagement stems from the same identity needs and discuss its consequences and strategies for reducing it. Finally, we outline future directions and practical takeaways and reflect on the changing zeitgeist.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-012125-121447
John Drury
This review describes the social identity approach to crowd behavior. Research based on the social identity approach to crowds has grown significantly in the last 20 years, both quantitatively and qualitatively. I organize the new research into three sections. First, I consider the recent findings on crowd density behaviors, heightened emotion in crowds, mass gatherings health, and crowd events that function to strengthen group identity. Second, I cover research on behavior in emergencies and discuss how models of crowd behavior have shaped policy and practice in emergency response. Third, I describe the recent research on psychological change in collective action, public order policing, and social influence. The increased number of practical applications demonstrates that the social identity research on the psychology of crowd behavior has value beyond the advances it has made in terms of theory.
{"title":"The Psychology of Crowd Behavior","authors":"John Drury","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-012125-121447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-012125-121447","url":null,"abstract":"This review describes the social identity approach to crowd behavior. Research based on the social identity approach to crowds has grown significantly in the last 20 years, both quantitatively and qualitatively. I organize the new research into three sections. First, I consider the recent findings on crowd density behaviors, heightened emotion in crowds, mass gatherings health, and crowd events that function to strengthen group identity. Second, I cover research on behavior in emergencies and discuss how models of crowd behavior have shaped policy and practice in emergency response. Third, I describe the recent research on psychological change in collective action, public order policing, and social influence. The increased number of practical applications demonstrates that the social identity research on the psychology of crowd behavior has value beyond the advances it has made in terms of theory.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-04DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-012925-030843
Yuval Hadash,Omer Dar,Iftach Amir,Todd S Braver,Amit Bernstein
Attention is theorized to have a definitive role in mindfulness and its salutary effects. Yet, findings from more than two decades of research testing this central theoretical premise have been surprisingly mixed. To account for this paradoxical disparity between theory and findings, we propose the Mindfulness Internal Attention (MIA) framework. We theorize and review initial findings suggesting that mindfulness training primarily targets internal attention processes, which operate on internally generated or stored information and experience. Additionally, we theorize and review findings suggesting that mindfulness training affects executive functions and working memory processes shared between internal attention and late-stage external attention. In contrast, we theorize and review findings suggesting that mindfulness training does not affect early-stage external attention processes, which do not share cognitive resources with internal attention. Finally, we propose methodological innovations and outstanding questions for future research to advance our understanding of the attentional mechanisms of mindfulness training.
{"title":"The Mindfulness Internal Attention (MIA) Framework: Uncovering the Attentional Mechanisms of Mindfulness Training.","authors":"Yuval Hadash,Omer Dar,Iftach Amir,Todd S Braver,Amit Bernstein","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-012925-030843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-012925-030843","url":null,"abstract":"Attention is theorized to have a definitive role in mindfulness and its salutary effects. Yet, findings from more than two decades of research testing this central theoretical premise have been surprisingly mixed. To account for this paradoxical disparity between theory and findings, we propose the Mindfulness Internal Attention (MIA) framework. We theorize and review initial findings suggesting that mindfulness training primarily targets internal attention processes, which operate on internally generated or stored information and experience. Additionally, we theorize and review findings suggesting that mindfulness training affects executive functions and working memory processes shared between internal attention and late-stage external attention. In contrast, we theorize and review findings suggesting that mindfulness training does not affect early-stage external attention processes, which do not share cognitive resources with internal attention. Finally, we propose methodological innovations and outstanding questions for future research to advance our understanding of the attentional mechanisms of mindfulness training.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144778032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-011624-024416
Jacquie D. Vorauer, Sara D. Hodges, Judith A. Hall
People often want to know what their interaction partners are thinking. How accurate are they, what information do they use, what predicts how accurate they will be, and does accuracy matter? We organize our review of thought-feeling accuracy, defined as the accuracy of individuals’ judgments about the content of another person's thoughts and feelings in live interaction, around these questions. At the same time, we argue that often people are especially interested in what others are thinking about them, such that research on the accuracy of individuals’ metaperceptions regarding others’ views of them is highly relevant to understanding thought-feeling accuracy more broadly construed. In particular, we maintain that systematic biases characterizing individuals’ spontaneous metaperceptions are an important source of preventable and harmful forms of thought-feeling inaccuracy. We advocate for integration across the thought-feeling accuracy and meta-accuracy literatures so as to generate new insights that can move them both forward.
{"title":"Thought-Feeling Accuracy in Person Perception and Metaperception: An Integrative Perspective","authors":"Jacquie D. Vorauer, Sara D. Hodges, Judith A. Hall","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-011624-024416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-011624-024416","url":null,"abstract":"People often want to know what their interaction partners are thinking. How accurate are they, what information do they use, what predicts how accurate they will be, and does accuracy matter? We organize our review of thought-feeling accuracy, defined as the accuracy of individuals’ judgments about the content of another person's thoughts and feelings in live interaction, around these questions. At the same time, we argue that often people are especially interested in what others are thinking about them, such that research on the accuracy of individuals’ metaperceptions regarding others’ views of them is highly relevant to understanding thought-feeling accuracy more broadly construed. In particular, we maintain that systematic biases characterizing individuals’ spontaneous metaperceptions are an important source of preventable and harmful forms of thought-feeling inaccuracy. We advocate for integration across the thought-feeling accuracy and meta-accuracy literatures so as to generate new insights that can move them both forward.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-021524-110536
Peter M. Gollwitzer, Paschal Sheeran
Planning has been studied in different fields of psychology, including cognitive, developmental, personality, social, and work and organizational research. This article looks at the planning process through the lens of motivation science, and asks the question, What kind of planning can help people reach their goals? We focus on the strategy of making if-then plans (also known as forming implementation intentions). We discuss what kinds of cognitive performance can be enhanced by if-then planning (e.g., attention control, prospective memory, executive functions, and decision making), and whether if-then planning may also benefit people's emotion control, their desired behavior change, and their pending social interactions. We point to the positive impacts of making if-then plans on thinking, feeling, and acting, and we list moderators pertaining to sample characteristics and features of the underlying goals and of the if-then plans themselves. Finally, the underlying processes of if-then planning effects are delineated in the hope of better understanding what kind of if-then planning might work best in promoting flexible but tenacious goal pursuit.
{"title":"Psychology of Planning","authors":"Peter M. Gollwitzer, Paschal Sheeran","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-021524-110536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-021524-110536","url":null,"abstract":"Planning has been studied in different fields of psychology, including cognitive, developmental, personality, social, and work and organizational research. This article looks at the planning process through the lens of motivation science, and asks the question, What kind of planning can help people reach their goals? We focus on the strategy of making if-then plans (also known as forming implementation intentions). We discuss what kinds of cognitive performance can be enhanced by if-then planning (e.g., attention control, prospective memory, executive functions, and decision making), and whether if-then planning may also benefit people's emotion control, their desired behavior change, and their pending social interactions. We point to the positive impacts of making if-then plans on thinking, feeling, and acting, and we list moderators pertaining to sample characteristics and features of the underlying goals and of the if-then plans themselves. Finally, the underlying processes of if-then planning effects are delineated in the hope of better understanding what kind of if-then planning might work best in promoting flexible but tenacious goal pursuit.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020124-115044
Michael C. Ashton, Kibeom Lee
People's personality trait levels are often assessed by obtaining self-reports or observer (informant) reports on questionnaires (inventories). When the target person is closely acquainted with the observer—as in the case of spouses, close relatives, or close friends—several findings are obtained for full-length measures of the Big Five (Five-Factor Model) or HEXACO personality factors. First, mean scores tend to be comparable between self-reports and observer reports, although Openness to Experience tends to be higher in self-reports than in observer reports. Also, self/observer agreement (in the sense of convergent correlations) tends to be rather high, albeit somewhat lower for cooperation-related traits (HEXACO Honesty-Humility, HEXACO Agreeableness, Big Five Agreeableness) than for other traits. Finally, Openness to Experience and Honesty-Humility (and, to some extent, Big Five Agreeableness) show some degree of similarity and assumed similarity between closely acquainted persons.
{"title":"Self- and Observer Reports of Personality","authors":"Michael C. Ashton, Kibeom Lee","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-020124-115044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020124-115044","url":null,"abstract":"People's personality trait levels are often assessed by obtaining self-reports or observer (informant) reports on questionnaires (inventories). When the target person is closely acquainted with the observer—as in the case of spouses, close relatives, or close friends—several findings are obtained for full-length measures of the Big Five (Five-Factor Model) or HEXACO personality factors. First, mean scores tend to be comparable between self-reports and observer reports, although Openness to Experience tends to be higher in self-reports than in observer reports. Also, self/observer agreement (in the sense of convergent correlations) tends to be rather high, albeit somewhat lower for cooperation-related traits (HEXACO Honesty-Humility, HEXACO Agreeableness, Big Five Agreeableness) than for other traits. Finally, Openness to Experience and Honesty-Humility (and, to some extent, Big Five Agreeableness) show some degree of similarity and assumed similarity between closely acquainted persons.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-12-03DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-011624-024031
Terry E Robinson, Kent C Berridge
The incentive-sensitization theory (IST) of addiction was first published in 1993, proposing that (a) brain mesolimbic dopamine systems mediate incentive motivation ("wanting") for addictive drugs and other rewards, but not their hedonic impact (liking) when consumed; and (b) some individuals are vulnerable to drug-induced long-lasting sensitization of mesolimbic systems, which selectively amplifies their "wanting" for drugs without increasing their liking of the same drugs. Here we describe the origins of IST and evaluate its status 30 years on. We compare IST to other theories of addiction, including opponent-process theories, habit theories of addiction, and prefrontal cortical dysfunction theories of impaired impulse control. We also address critiques of IST that have been raised over the years, such as whether craving is important in addiction and whether addiction can ever be characterized as compulsive. Finally, we discuss several contemporary phenomena, including the potential role of incentive sensitization in behavioral addictions, the emergence of addiction-like dopamine dysregulation syndrome in medicated Parkinson's patients, the role of attentional capture and approach tendencies, and the role of uncertainty in incentive motivation.
成瘾的激励敏感化理论（IST）首次发表于 1993 年，该理论提出：(a) 大脑中叶多巴胺系统介导对成瘾药物和其他奖励的激励动机（"想要"），但不介导吸食后的享乐影响（喜欢）；(b) 有些人容易受到药物诱导的中叶系统长期敏感化的影响，这种敏感化会选择性地放大他们对药物的 "想要"，但不会增加他们对相同药物的喜欢。在此，我们描述了 IST 的起源，并对其 30 年来的发展状况进行了评估。我们将 IST 与其他成瘾理论进行了比较，包括对手过程理论、成瘾习惯理论以及冲动控制受损的前额叶皮质功能障碍理论。我们还讨论了多年来对 IST 提出的批评，例如渴求在成瘾中是否重要，成瘾是否可以被定性为强迫性。最后，我们讨论了几个当代现象，包括激励敏感化在行为成瘾中的潜在作用、帕金森病人用药后出现的类似成瘾的多巴胺调节失调综合征、注意捕捉和接近倾向的作用以及不确定性在激励动机中的作用。
{"title":"The Incentive-Sensitization Theory of Addiction 30 Years On.","authors":"Terry E Robinson, Kent C Berridge","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-011624-024031","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-psych-011624-024031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incentive-sensitization theory (IST) of addiction was first published in 1993, proposing that (<i>a</i>) brain mesolimbic dopamine systems mediate incentive motivation (\"wanting\") for addictive drugs and other rewards, but not their hedonic impact (liking) when consumed; and (<i>b</i>) some individuals are vulnerable to drug-induced long-lasting sensitization of mesolimbic systems, which selectively amplifies their \"wanting\" for drugs without increasing their liking of the same drugs. Here we describe the origins of IST and evaluate its status 30 years on. We compare IST to other theories of addiction, including opponent-process theories, habit theories of addiction, and prefrontal cortical dysfunction theories of impaired impulse control. We also address critiques of IST that have been raised over the years, such as whether craving is important in addiction and whether addiction can ever be characterized as compulsive. Finally, we discuss several contemporary phenomena, including the potential role of incentive sensitization in behavioral addictions, the emergence of addiction-like dopamine dysregulation syndrome in medicated Parkinson's patients, the role of attentional capture and approach tendencies, and the role of uncertainty in incentive motivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"29-58"},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141878245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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